Hauv tsab xov xwm no kuv xav qhia tias yooj yim npaum li cas thiab pub dawb koj tuaj yeem ua lub tswv yim tsis ua haujlwm rau lub vev xaib (lossis lwm yam kev pabcuam hauv Is Taws Nem) siv kev sib txuas ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab dynamic DNS kev pabcuam. Ntawd yog, yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog lub vev xaib tseem ceeb (los ntawm qhov teeb meem nrog "PHP yuam kev" ntawm nplooj ntawv, kom tsis muaj chaw lossis tsuas yog qee qhov kev txiav txim me me hauv cov khw hauv online), cov neeg tuaj saib tshiab yuav raug coj mus rau qhov thib ob (thib peb, thiab lwm yam) ntxiv) tus neeg ua haujlwm paub txog, lossis ntawm nplooj ntawv "Thov txim", uas lawv yuav piav qhia meej tias "muaj teeb meem, peb twb paub lawm thiab twb kho nws, peb yuav kho sai sai noβ (thiab qhov no koj yeej yuav tau paub thiab kho tau).
Yuav nyob nrog kev poob lossis tsis muaj?
Txog thaum qee qhov teeb meem tshwm sim, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntau. Tab sis thaum nws tshwm sim, tsis muaj kev poob qis hauv qab no feem ntau tshwm sim: koj sim ua kom sai sai seb qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi, nws tsis ua haujlwm (cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab tsis siv, software rau qee yam tsis ua haujlwm raws li nws yuav tsum tau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. . nrog crutches thiab lub neej. Koj xav tias nyob rau hauv koj lub sij hawm spare koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab kom meej meej thiab rov ua dua txhua yam zoo nkauj, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi nyob ruaj khov dua li ib ntus.
Tam sim no, yuav ua li cas qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo nkauj version nrog ib tug filer:
- Ib qho yuam kev tshwm sim
- Qhov yuam kev raug kuaj pom tau
- Kev ceeb toom raug xa tawm
- Hloov mus rau ib qho ntawm cov thaub qab servers raug xa mus
- Ua siab ntev thiab tsis muaj kev ntshai, qhov teeb meem raug txheeb xyuas, kho, thiab cov neeg rau zaub mov tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Cov tswv yim no, ntawm chav kawm, kuj muaj nws tus kheej cov teeb meem, tab sis tseem, lub tswv yim yog linear, txhua theem yog yooj yim thiab lub ntsiab yog hais tias nws muaj peev xwm yuav debugged nyias, yog li ntawd lub sij hawm ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tswv yim no yog tsawg dua, thiab txhua qhov kev ua tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau thiab ua tiav sai sai (tsis zoo li los ntawm txoj haujlwm nrhiav thiab kho qhov tsis paub epic crap). Koj lub dav hlau tau tsaws hauv lub tebchaws nyob deb, koj qhib koj lub xov tooj thiab pom cov ntawv ceeb toom hauv xov tooj uas lub server tau poob, tab sis txhua yam zoo, lub server thaub qab tau qhib, koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus, koj tsis tas yuav ya rov los yog kho nws ntawm SSH los ntawm lub tsev noj mov ze tshaj plaws nrog WiFi. Koj yuav pom nws thaum nws yooj yim dua.
Lub neej yav tom ntej twb nyob ntawm no!
Yav dhau los, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas ua rau kev poob qis feem ntau yog qhov kev daws teeb meem tsis txaus ntseeg yog tus nqi ntawm nws cov nqi. Los yog nws yuav tsum tau yuav khoom kim heev (thiab caw cov kws tshaj lij tseem kim dua). Los yog koom ua liaj ua teb ib yam dab tsi nyuaj raws li cov lus qhia (Kuv txawm tuaj hla ib qho kev xaiv uas ob lub servers txuas ntxiv nrog lub null modem cable, thiab lawv xa lub plawv dhia los ntawm nws, yog li ntawd thaum lub sijhawm tus neeg rau zaub mov thaub qab paub txog nws thiab siv sijhawm dhau los. tswj). Tam sim no muaj txoj hauv kev yooj yim dua thiab dawb. Yog tias koj muaj lub vev xaib nrog miv, tsis muaj kev zam rau koj tsis txhob siv qhov ua tsis tiav rau nws tseem!
Zoo, dhau li ntawd, rau cov phiaj xwm ua tsis tiav koj xav tau lwm tus neeg rau zaub mov (thiab tej zaum ntau dua ib qho) thiab ua ntej qhov no yog qhov siv nyiaj loj, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem tau txais VDS rau pennies.
Qhov chaw ntseeg siab tshaj plaws nrog miv
Txhawm rau xyaum piav qhia txog kev daws teeb meem nrog okerr + dynamic dns, peb tau pib peb lub vev xaib nrog miv . Peb ntxub miv, yog li ntawd yuav tsis muaj ntau ntawm lawv nyob ntawd. Muaj peb qhov chaw nyob hauv tag nrho, txhua tus zoo ib yam (tag nrho ntawm tib lub qauv), tab sis nrog cov kittens sib txawv kom paub qhov txawv yooj yim, thiab txhua tus sau cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Nplooj ntawv hloov kho nws tus kheej ib zaug txhua 1 feeb, tab sis koj tuaj yeem nias rov qab rau hauv qhov browser.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv technical muaj ib kab "txoj cai = OK". Qee lub sij hawm servers feign teeb meem thiab sau xwm txheej = ERR. Lub server tseem ceeb "zoo li tsoo" ntawm 20 feeb ntawm txhua teev (0:20, 1:20, 2:20, ...). Backup server hauv 40 feeb. Lub server kawg ("thov txim" server) ib txwm ua haujlwm. Thaum 0 feeb ntawm txhua teev, cov thawj thiab backup servers yog "rov qab".
Yog tias koj qhib lub xaib thiab tso nws rau hauv tab, koj yuav pom tias nws yeej tsis poob (txawm tias txhua tus neeg rau zaub mov simulates qhov teeb meem), thiab thaum muaj teeb meem nrog lub server, nws tsuas yog "khiav" ntawm cov servers nyob. Daim duab, lub npe thiab chaw nyob ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov thiab nws lub luag haujlwm yuav hloov. Qee lub sij hawm koj tuaj yeem ntes lub sijhawm thaum xwm txheej = ERR (qhov teeb meem twb muaj lawm, tab sis tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsis ua haujlwm tseem tsis tau ua haujlwm), tab sis qhov hloov tshiab tom ntej yuav qhia koj nplooj ntawv los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Failover ntawm okerr + dynamic DNS
Cia peb saib seb nws ua haujlwm li cas hauv qab lub hood. Cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm yog los xyuas kom meej tias qhov chaw nyob cat.okerr.com ib txwm taw qhia rau IP chaw nyob ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov ua haujlwm.
Tom qab txhua tus servers uas tuav peb lub vev xaib miv hauv okerr muaj qhov taw qhia uas kuaj xyuas nws cov xwm txheej ib zaug ib feeb.
Hauv qhov screenshot no peb pom li cas lub vev xaib cat.okerr.com raug kuaj los ntawm alpha.okerr.com server. Nplooj ntawv yuav tsum muaj xwm txheej = OK, thiab raws li peb pom saum toj no, peb qhov taw qhia qhov xwm txheej yog OK tam sim no. Thaum lub server "lov", yuav muaj ERR. (Qhov no tsuas yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov taw qhia, okerr yog saib xyuas, yog li koj tuaj yeem txuas txhua hom kev ntsuas, piv txwv li, tshawb xyuas qhov chaw dawb ntawm lub disk, tus lej xaj tshiab hauv cov ntaub ntawv, thiab txawm tias cov cim qhia tau zoo, piv txwv li. , thaum hmo ntuj yuav muaj qee qhov yuam kev, thiab thaum nruab hnub lwm tus).
Hauv qhov project nqis peb tsim ib lub tswv yim ua tsis tiav nrog cov ntsuas no:
Lub tswv yim muaj peb qhov ntsuas (peb lub servers), sib txawv hauv qhov tseem ceeb. Lub ntsiab server rau lub xaib yog charlie, yog tias nws tsis ua haujlwm (nws yuav tsis muaj "txoj cai = OK" lossis tsuas yog tsis muaj), ces bravo thiab tom kawg - alpha. Sab xis ntawm nplooj ntawv qhia cov xwm txheej ntawm DNS cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov servers sib txawv.
Rau cov neeg uas pom tias lub npe cat.he.okerr.com siv: Peb siv cov txheej txheem nyuaj me ntsis. Es tsis txhob cia li hloov cov ntaub ntawv DNS ntawm cat.okerr.com, peb hloov cat.he.okerr.com (ntawm tus muab kev pabcuam Dynamic DNS ), thiab cat.okerr.com yog CNAME (alias), uas tsis hloov, ib txwm taw qhia rau cat.he.okerr.com. Peb tsuas yog nyiam nag xob nag cua zoo dua li DNS dynamic, thiab nws muaj cov yuam sij los tswj ib qho kev nkag (tsis yog tag nrho cheeb tsam), peb xav tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Koj kuj tsis tas yuav qhia cov passwords tseem ceeb hauv okerr los tswj tag nrho cov npe, tab sis tsuas yog rau subdomain lossis cov ntaub ntawv.
Los ntawm ntog mus nce
Ib kauj ruam los ntawm kauj ruam yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm:
- Ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim (simulated) ntawm lub server
- Lub okerr sensor xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm txhua tus neeg rau zaub mov ib zaug ib feeb thiab ceeb toom rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv okerr
- Cov cim qhia sib txuas ntawm server hloov ntawm OK rau ERR
- Thaum cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov taw qhia hloov pauv, kev ua tsis tiav tau suav rov qab, thiab nws suav tias qhov chaw nyob twg yuav tsum tau teeb tsa (yog tias tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, yog tias lub server tseem ceeb ua haujlwm, thiab tib lub sijhawm tus neeg rau zaub mov thaub qab tuag, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv. ua)
- Qhov chaw nyob no tau tshaj tawm rau dynamic dns kev pabcuam. Thaum ua tiav ntawm theem no, koj yuav pom cov xwm txheej "synced" ntawm sab xis.
- Tsis ntev (thib ob) cov ntaub ntawv yuav mus txog DNS servers ntawm koj lub npe (rau lub vev xaib miv nws yog ns1-ns5.he.net).
- Txij lub sijhawm no mus, qee cov neeg siv yuav twb nyob ntawm lub server nyob tshiab. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus DNS servers hauv ntiaj teb tau hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv tseem tsis tau, thiab cov ntaub ntawv qub tseem yuav raug khaws cia rau qhov chaw. Koj tuaj yeem pom yuav ua li cas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pej xeem DNS servers "dancing", uas qhia txog tus nqi tshiab lossis qub. Yog tias koj hloov kho nplooj ntawv teeb tsa tsis raug, tus neeg teb xov tooj nws tus kheej yuav thov cov ntaub ntawv tshiab los ntawm DNS servers.
- Tom qab cov ntaub ntawv tau ruaj khov, cov ntaub ntawv qub cached yog lwj txhua qhov chaw - tag nrho 100% ntawm kev thov mus rau lub server tshiab.
Txhawm rau kom nce qib 7 (feem ntau ntev tshaj), TTL ntawm cov ntaub ntawv DNS dynamic yuav tsum tau teem kom tsawg li tsawg tau. Feem ntau cov kev pabcuam pub rau lub sijhawm ntawm 90-120 vib nas this. Qhov no yog ib qho kev sib haum xeeb tsim nyog kiag li.
ntxiv
Tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem teeb tsa nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj (yog tias koj twb muaj lub server thaub qab). Ob qhov kev pabcuam okerr thiab dynamic DNS yog dawb. Txhawm rau kom tau txais kev txheeb xyuas ntau dua hauv okerr thiab lub sijhawm pov thawj luv dua, koj yuav tsum ua kom tiav kev cob qhia (los ntawm koj nplooj ntawv profile). Thaum ua tiav, theem tam sim ntawd nce (20 qhov ntsuas ib teev + 1 ceev, 10 feeb). Thiab yog tias muaj ob peb ntawm lawv, sau rau [email tiv thaiv], feem ntau nws yuav ua tau kom nce ntxiv (kom txog rau thaum tam sim no yeej ib txwm muaj lub sijhawm, Kuv tsis tau tsis kam lees, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kuv muab rau kuv tus kheej). Nws tsuas yog qhov pib kuv tsis xav cog lus rau txhua tus, Kuv tsis paub tseeb tias kuv muaj peev xwm ua raws li kuv cov lus. Tab sis kom deb li deb muaj tsawg tus neeg siv, yog li tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev nce cov kev txwv.
Dab tsi okerr tuaj yeem ua tau dav dav - saib ntawm lub vev xaib . Feem ntau, qhov no yog saib xyuas (zabbix los ntawm huab), thiab cov filer yog ib qho zoo ntxiv ua haujlwm. Koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov demo los ntawm lub xaib yam tsis tau sau npe.
Thaum qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau hloov, kev ceeb toom raug xa los ntawm email lossis Telegram. (Peb tau saib dab tsi tshwm sim thiab pom tau tias xov tooj zoo li yog tus xa xov zoo tshaj plaws. Ua tsaug rau RKN rau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntxhov siab!) Nrog okerr teeb tsa kom raug, txhua qhov kev ceeb toom yog lub teeb liab "poob txhua yam, peb yuav tsum kho nws!" , los yog "lights out!" Yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev ceeb toom ntxiv los ntawm okerra (yog tias muaj, lawv yuav tsum tau teeb tsa qee qhov txawv). Piv txwv li, rau peb lub vev xaib miv, alpha server yog qhov kawg thiab yeej tsis muaj qhov yuam kev. Yog nws dag, peb yuav tsum paub. Tab sis lwm cov servers niaj hnub ua yuam kev, yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob tau txais kev ceeb toom ob peb zaug hauv ib teev, cov ntsuas no muaj qhov "tso tseg".
Nws kuj ua rau kev txiav txim siab los tsim tus neeg rau zaub mov thov txim (ntawm ib qho pheej yig tshaj hosting), uas yuav muaj koj nplooj ntawv thov txim (yog tias tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab poob) lossis yuav hloov koj mus rau nplooj ntawv xwm txheej ntawm okerr (piv txwv li, peb li. ) lossis statuspage.io.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com