Tus sau tau tso Raspberry Pi Zero, lub suab nrov Bluetooth, thiab ib lub cable hauv nws qhov tshiab Handy Tech Active Star 40 braille zaub. Qhov tshwm sim yog lub khoos phis tawj saib xyuas tus kheej tsis txaus ntawm ARM nrog Linux kev ua haujlwm, nruab nrog cov keyboard thiab cov duab Braille. Koj tuaj yeem them / fais fab nws ntawm USB, incl. los ntawm lub hwj chim bank los yog hnub ci charger. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj hwj chim rau ob peb teev, tab sis ob peb hnub.

Dimensional sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv qhia braille

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lawv txawv ntawm kab ntev. Cov khoom siv nrog 60 lossis ntau lub peev xwm yog qhov zoo rau kev ua haujlwm nrog lub khoos phis tawj desktop, thaum cov khoom siv nrog 40 lub peev xwm yog qhov yooj yim rau nqa nrog lub laptop. Tam sim no muaj cov ntawv qhia braille txuas nrog cov xov tooj smartphones thiab ntsiav tshuaj, nrog rau kab ntev ntawm 14 lossis 18 cim.

Yav dhau los, cov lus qhia ua ntawv Braille tau loj heev. Piv txwv li, lub laptop 40-lub rooj muaj qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 13-nti laptop. Tam sim no, nrog tib tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg paub, lawv yog cov me me txaus kom koj tuaj yeem tso cov zaub rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub laptop, tsis yog lub laptop ntawm cov zaub.

Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, zoo dua, tab sis nws tseem tsis yooj yim heev los tuav ob lub cuab yeej sib cais ntawm koj ceg tawv. Thaum koj ua haujlwm ntawm lub rooj, tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab, tab sis nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias lub khoos phis tawj hu ua lub laptop los ntawm lwm lub npe, thiab sim ua kom pom tseeb nws lub npe, vim nws hloov tawm tias cov duab me me 40 tus cim tseem tsis yooj yim dua.

Yog li tus sau tau tos rau qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov qauv tshiab tau cog lus ntev hauv Handy Tech Star series. Rov qab rau xyoo 2002, tus qauv yav dhau los Handy Tech Braille Star 40 tau tso tawm, qhov chaw lub cev txaus los muab lub laptop rau saum. Thiab yog hais tias nws tsis haum, muaj ib tug retractable sawv ntsug. Tam sim no cov qauv no tau hloov los ntawm Active Star 40, uas yuav luag zoo ib yam, tab sis nrog kev hloov kho hluav taws xob.

Thiab lub retractable sawv tseem nyob:

Tab sis qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws txog cov khoom tshiab yog qhov chaw so ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub xov tooj smartphone (saib KDPV). Nws qhib thaum lub platform txav rov qab. Nws hloov tawm los ua qhov tsis yooj yim los tuav lub xov tooj smartphone nyob ntawd, tab sis koj yuav tsum siv qee qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob

Thawj qhov uas tus sau tau tuaj nrog yog muab lub Raspberry Pi rau ntawd, tab sis thaum cov zaub tau yuav, nws tau pom tias qhov sawv ntsug npog lub compartment tsis swb nrog "raspberry." Tam sim no, yog tias lub rooj tsavxwm tsuas yog 3 hli nyias ...

Tab sis ib tug npoj yaig tau hais rau kuv txog kev tso tawm Raspberry Pi Zero, uas tau dhau los ua qhov me me uas ob ntawm lawv tuaj yeem haum rau hauv chav tsev ... lossis tej zaum txawm peb. Nws tau txiav txim tam sim ntawd nrog rau 64 GB nco daim npav, Bluetooth, "xwb" thiab Micro USB cable. Ob peb hnub tom qab tag nrho cov no tuaj txog, thiab cov phooj ywg pom tau pab tus sau npaj ib daim ntawv qhia. Txhua yam tam sim ntawd ua haujlwm raws li nws yuav tsum tau ua.

Ua li cas rau qhov no

Nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm Handy Tech Active Star 40 muaj ob qhov chaw nres nkoj USB rau cov khoom siv xws li cov keyboards. Ib qho me me keyboard nrog sib nqus mount yog suav nrog. Thaum cov keyboard txuas nrog, thiab cov zaub nws tus kheej ua haujlwm ntawm Bluetooth, lub khoos phis tawj tseem lees paub tias nws yog Bluetooth keyboard.

Yog li, yog tias koj txuas lub Bluetooth "xwb" rau Raspberry Pi Zero muab tso rau hauv lub xov tooj smartphone, nws yuav muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus nrog Braille zaub ntawm Bluetooth siv. BRLTTY, thiab yog tias koj tseem txuas cov keyboard rau cov zaub, "raspberry" yuav ua haujlwm nrog nws thiab.

Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho. Lub "raspberry" nws tus kheej, dhau los, tuaj yeem nkag mus rau Is Taws Nem ntawm Bluetooth PAN los ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej uas txhawb nqa nws. Tus sau tau teeb tsa nws lub xov tooj smartphone thiab khoos phis tawj hauv tsev thiab tom haujlwm raws li, tab sis yav tom ntej nws npaj yuav hloov lwm lub "raspberry" rau qhov no - ib qho classic, tsis yog Zero, txuas nrog Ethernet thiab lwm lub Bluetooth "xwb".

BlueZ 5 thiab PAN

PAN configuration method siv bluez muab ua unobvious. Tus sau tau pom bt-yias Python tsab ntawv (saib hauv qab), uas tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa PAN yam tsis muaj GUI.

Nws tuaj yeem siv los teeb tsa ob lub server thiab tus neeg siv khoom. Tau txais cov lus txib tsim nyog ntawm D-Bus thaum ua haujlwm hauv cov neeg siv khoom, nws tsim lub network tshiab bnep0 tam sim ntawd tom qab tsim kev sib txuas nrog lub server. Feem ntau, DHCP yog siv los muab tus IP chaw nyob rau qhov kev sib tshuam no. Hauv hom neeg rau zaub mov, BlueZ xav kom lub npe ntawm tus choj ntaus ntawv uas nws tuaj yeem ntxiv cov cuab yeej qhev los txuas rau txhua tus neeg siv khoom. Kev teeb tsa qhov chaw nyob rau tus choj ntaus ntawv thiab khiav DHCP server ntxiv rau IP masquerading ntawm tus choj feem ntau yog txhua yam uas yuav tsum tau ua.

Bluetooth PAN Access Point nrog Systemd

Txhawm rau teeb tsa tus choj, tus sau tau siv systemd-networkd:

Cov ntaub ntawv /etc/systemd/network/pan.netdev

[NetDev]
Name=pan
Kind=bridge
ForwardDelaySec=0

Cov ntaub ntawv /etc/systemd/network/pan.network

[Match]
Name=pan

[Network]
Address=0.0.0.0/24
DHCPServer=yes
IPMasquerade=yes

Tam sim no peb yuav tsum yuam BlueZ los teeb tsa NAP profile. Nws muab tawm tias qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog tus qauv BlueZ 5.36 cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yog tus sau tsis raug, kho nws: mlang (tuaj yeem txav nws pob ntseg) dig muag (qee zaum nkag thiab quantum) guru

Tab sis nws pom blog xa и Python tsab ntawv kom hu xovtooj mus rau D-Bus.

Txhawm rau kom yooj yim, tus sau tau siv Systemd kev pabcuam los khiav cov ntawv thiab xyuas seb qhov kev vam khom puas raug daws.

Cov ntaub ntawv /etc/systemd/system/pan.service

[Unit]
Description=Bluetooth Personal Area Network
After=bluetooth.service systemd-networkd.service
Requires=systemd-networkd.service
PartOf=bluetooth.service

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/pan

[Install]
WantedBy=bluetooth.target

Cov ntaub ntawv /usr/local/sbin/pan

#!/bin/sh
# Ugly hack to work around #787480
iptables -F
iptables -t nat -F
iptables -t mangle -F
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

exec /usr/local/sbin/bt-pan --systemd --debug server pan

Cov ntaub ntawv thib ob yuav tsis xav tau yog tias Debian muaj IPMasquerade = kev txhawb nqa (saib hauv qab). #787480).

Tom qab ua tiav cov lus txib systemctl daemon-rov qab и systemctl restart systemd-networkd koj tuaj yeem pib Bluetooth PAN nrog cov lus txib systemctl pib pan

Bluetooth PAN tus neeg siv khoom siv Systemd

Cov neeg siv khoom kuj tseem yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa siv Systemd.

Cov ntaub ntawv /etc/systemd/network/pan-client.network

[Match]
Name=bnep*

[Network]
DHCP=yes

Cov ntaub ntawv /etc/systemd/system/[email tiv thaiv]

[Unit]
Description=Bluetooth Personal Area Network client

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/bt-pan --debug --systemd client %I --wait

Tam sim no, tom qab reloading lub configuration, koj muaj peev xwm txuas mus rau lub teev Bluetooth nkag point zoo li no:

systemctl start pan@00:11:22:33:44:55

Pairing siv kab hais kom ua

Tau kawg, kev teeb tsa ntawm cov neeg rau zaub mov thiab cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum tau ua tom qab ua ke lawv ntawm Bluetooth. Ntawm lub server koj yuav tsum khiav bluetoothctl thiab muab nws cov lus txib:

power on
agent on
default-agent
scan on
scan off
pair XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
trust XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX

Tom qab pib lub scan, tos ob peb feeb kom txog thaum lub cuab yeej koj xav tau tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv. Sau nws qhov chaw nyob thiab siv nws los ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov lus txib ob leeg thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, kev ntseeg siab.

Ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, koj yuav tsum ua tib yam, tab sis kev ntseeg siab yog qhov tsis xav tau. Tus neeg rau zaub mov xav kom nws lees txais kev sib txuas siv NAP profile yam tsis muaj kev lees paub los ntawm tus neeg siv.

Tus sau tsis paub meej tias qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov lus txib. Tej zaum txhua yam uas xav tau yog txhawm rau muab tus neeg siv khoom sib txuas nrog tus neeg rau zaub mov thiab khiav qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub server, tab sis nws tseem tsis tau sim qhov no.

Ua kom HID Bluetooth Profile

Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom Raspberry lees paub cov keyboard txuas nrog Braille zaub los ntawm xaim, thiab xa los ntawm cov zaub nws tus kheej ntawm Bluetooth. Qhov no yog ua tib yam, tsuas yog hloov tus neeg sawv cev ntawm yuav tsum tau muab lus txib tus neeg saib xyuas KeyboardOnly thiab bluetoothctl yuav pom ib lub cuab yeej nrog HID profile.

Tab sis teeb tsa Bluetooth ntawm kab hais kom ua yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis

Txawm hais tias tus sau tau tswj xyuas txhua yam, nws nkag siab tias kev teeb tsa BlueZ los ntawm kab hais kom ua yog tsis yooj yim. Thaum xub thawj nws xav tias cov neeg sawv cev tsuas yog xav tau nkag mus rau tus lej PIN xwb, tab sis nws tau muab tawm, piv txwv li, kom qhib HID profile koj yuav tsum ntaus "tus neeg sawv cev KeyboardOnly". Nws yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias txhawm rau tso Bluetooth PAN koj yuav tsum tau nce los ntawm cov chaw khaws cia hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntawv xav tau. Nws nco qab tias nyob rau hauv yav dhau los version ntawm BlueZ muaj ib tug npaj txhij-ua cuab tam rau qhov no pev - Nws nyob qhov twg hauv BlueZ 5? Dheev ib qho kev daws teeb meem tshiab tshwm sim, tsis paub rau tus sau, tab sis dag rau saum npoo?

Tsim tau

Cov ntaub ntawv hloov ceev yog kwv yees li 120 kbit / s, uas yog txaus txaus. 1GHz ARM processor yog ceev heev rau cov kab hais kom ua interface. Tus kws sau ntawv tseem npaj siv feem ntau yog ssh thiab emacs ntawm lub cuab yeej.

Console fonts thiab screen daws teeb meem

Lub neej ntawd kev tshuaj ntsuam daws teeb meem siv los ntawm lub framebuffer ntawm Raspberry Pi Zero yog qhov txawv heev: fbset qhia nws li 656x416 pixels (tsis muaj kev sib txuas, tau kawg). Nrog lub console font ntawm 8 × 16, muaj 82 cim ib kab thiab 26 kab.

Nws tsis yooj yim ua haujlwm nrog 40-tus cim Braille zaub hauv hom no. Tus sau kuj xav pom cov cim Unicode tso tawm hauv daim ntawv Braille. Hmoov zoo, Linux txhawb 512 cim, thiab feem ntau consoles fonts muaj 256. Siv console-setup, koj tuaj yeem siv ob 256-tus cim fonts ua ke. Tus sau ntxiv cov kab hauv qab no rau /etc/default/console-setup file:

SCREEN_WIDTH=80
SCREEN_HEIGHT=25
FONT="Lat15-Terminus16.psf.gz brl-16x8.psf"

Nco tseg: txhawm rau ua kom brl-16 × 8.psf font muaj, koj yuav tsum nruab console-braille.

Yuav ua li cas yog tom ntej no?

Cov zaub Braille muaj 3,5 hli jack, tab sis tus sau tsis paub txog cov adapters tau txais lub suab teeb liab los ntawm Mini-HDMI. Tus kws sau ntawv tsis tuaj yeem siv daim npav suab ua rau hauv Raspberry (qhov txawv, tus neeg txhais lus tau paub tseeb tias Zero tsis muaj, tab sis muaj txoj hauv kev los tawm suab siv PWM rau GPIO). Nws npaj yuav siv USB-OTG hub thiab txuas ib daim npav sab nraud thiab tso tawm suab rau tus neeg hais lus ua rau hauv cov duab kos duab braille. Rau qee qhov laj thawj, ob daim npav sab nraud tsis ua haujlwm; tam sim no nws tab tom nrhiav rau cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws ntawm lub chipset sib txawv.

Nws kuj tsis yooj yim rau manually tua "raspberry", tos ob peb vib nas this thiab tua cov ntawv qhia zaub mov. Thiab tag nrho vim hais tias thaum nws raug tua, nws tshem tawm lub hwj chim ntawm lub connector nyob rau hauv lub compartment. Tus kws sau ntawv npaj yuav tso lub roj teeb me me rau hauv qhov chaw thiab, ntawm GPIO, qhia rau Raspberry txog cov zaub xa mus, kom nws tuaj yeem pib kaw nws txoj haujlwm. Qhov no yog UPS me me.

System duab

Yog tias koj muaj tib lub ntsej muag Braille thiab xav ua ib yam nrog nws, tus sau tau npaj los muab cov duab npaj ua tiav ntawm lub kaw lus (raws li Raspbian Stretch). Sau rau nws txog qhov no ntawm qhov chaw nyob uas tau teev saum toj no. Yog tias muaj neeg txaus siab, nws tseem tuaj yeem tso cov khoom siv uas suav nrog txhua yam tsim nyog rau kev hloov kho.

Kev lees paub

Ua tsaug rau Dave Mielke rau kev nyeem ntawv.

Ua tsaug rau Simon Kainz rau cov duab kos duab.

Ua tsaug rau kuv cov npoj yaig ntawm Graz Technical University tau qhia sai sai rau tus sau rau lub ntiaj teb ntawm Raspberry Pi.

PS Thawj tweet tus sau ntawm lub ntsiab lus no (tsis qhib - tus neeg txhais lus) tau tsim tsuas yog tsib hnub ua ntej tshaj tawm cov thawj ntawm tsab xov xwm no, thiab nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias, tshwj tsis yog muaj teeb meem nrog lub suab, txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav. Los ntawm txoj kev, tus sau tau hloov kho qhov kawg ntawm cov ntawv nyeem los ntawm "tus kheej-tso Braille zaub" nws ua, txuas nws ntawm SSH rau nws lub computer hauv tsev.

Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com