🥇 Tshawb nrhiav kev ua haujlwm ntawm WDS: ntxiv lub peev xwm khau raj rau UEFI

Nyob zoo txhua leej txhua tus!

Kab lus no piav qhia txog cov kauj ruam uas koj yuav tsum tau ua kom ntxiv UEFI khau raj muaj peev xwm rau koj WDS.

Cov. Cov lus qhia hauv kab lus no xav tias koj twb muaj cov kev teeb tsa hauv qab no:

1. Windows Server 2012R2 (или новее)
2. Полностью настроенный DHCP для работы с WDS
3. Собственно сам WDS
4. IIS
5. Виртуальная машина или ПК с Ubuntu

Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm no tau piav qhia txog cov haujlwm uas tsis coj kuv qhov txiaj ntsig zoo.
Kuv tau piav qhia lawv kom yooj yim rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab txuag koj lub sijhawm.

Lus Qhia Tshab

Kuv tau ua WDS ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog ntau yam zoo, tk. nkees ntawm tas li khiav ncig nrog ib pawg ntawm flash drives thiab overwriting lawv.

Cov kab lus no tau pab kuv ntawm txoj kev:
Ntxiv WDS Versatility
PXE khau raj tshuab raj nrog System Center Configuration Manager

Zoo li no

Thiab txhua yam zoo, cov duab tshiab tau ntxiv rau kev thauj khoom, cov duab winPE tau dhau los nrog cov yam ntxwv tshiab thiab txhua yam ua haujlwm.

Tab sis, nyob deb ntawm txhua yam khoom siv txhawb nqa BIOS / Legacy khau raj hom, lossis yog tias lawv ua, ces nws qhov kev suav nrog yuav nyob hauv qhov chaw tsis pom tseeb.

Yog lawm, thiab txhim kho qhov rais hauv hom qub, thaum nws tuaj yeem txhim kho hauv UEFI, tsis txias.

Yog li ntawd, kuv txiav txim siab ntxiv lub peev xwm rau khau raj rau hauv UEFI, thiab mus rau Google.

Tab sis kuv tsis pom cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog yuav ua li cas kom tau txais WDS + UEFI ua haujlwm.
Qhov tseeb, yog vim li cas kuv thiaj txiav txim siab sau tsab xov xwm no.

Ua ntej kuv pib, kuv yuav piav qhia txog qhov teeb meem uas siv sij hawm ntau tshaj plaws.

Thaum ntxiv UEFI rau WDS, cov hauv qab no, qhov xwm txheej tsis pom tseeb yog ua tau:

Yog tias koj ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv khau raj rau WDS thiab thaum koj sim khau raj ntawm lub cuab yeej
hauv UEFI koj pom cov ntawv hauv qab no:
The selected boot device failed. Press <Enter> to Continue.
Los yog Boot Device Not Found
Tab sis kev thauj khoom hauv keeb kwm ua haujlwm rau koj.
Tom qab ntawd ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv tau yog qhov tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv wdsmgfw.efi ua,
raws txoj kev hauv qab no: %WDSpath%Bootx64wdsmgfw.efi

Koj tuaj yeem nqa nws ntawm no: C:WindowsSystem32RemInstbootx64wdsmgfw.efi
Los yog, yog vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv no ploj lawm rau koj, kuv muab tso rau google.
Rau qhov kev daws teeb meem no, ua tsaug cov txiv neej los ntawm reddit.

Nrog rau qhov teeb meem no, kuv tua feem ntau lub sij hawm, vim. Kuv xav tias qhov teeb meem yog qhov chaw hauv WDS lossis DHCP teeb tsa.

Kev teeb tsa cov cai los ntawm kev ntxiv Cov Chav Muag Khoom rau ntau cov qauv tsim, thiab teeb tsa DHCP kev xaiv 060, 066, 067. Lus Qhia rau kev teeb tsa DHCP txoj cai.

Architectures hauv ASCII rau configuring DHCP

PXECClient: Arch: 00000 - BIOS/Legacy
PXECClient:Arch:00006 - UEFI x86
PXECClient:Arch:00007 - UEFI x64

Tsis tas li ntawd, kuv sim ntau yam kev xaiv rau khau raj ntaub ntawv. .efi

syslinux
grub 2

Kuv kuj tau sim nrhiav qhov teeb meem hauv Event Log.
win + r -> eventvwr -> Журналы приложений и служб -> Microsoft -> Windows -> Deployment-Services-Diagnostics

Tab sis, raws li kuv hais saum toj no, qhov teeb meem nteg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv wdsmgfw.efi ua.
Los yog kuv yuam kev deleted nws tus kheej, los yog nws tsis tau theej thaum lub sij hawm installation
thiab configuring WDS.

Zoo, cia peb pib!

Lus Qhia

Kauj Ruam 1 - Tshawb xyuas WDS kev ua haujlwm

Nqa ib qho khoom siv lossis tshuab virtual nrog kev txhawb nqa rau booting hauv UEFI hom hla lub network thiab sim khau raj.

Koj yuav tsum muaj daim duab hauv qab no:

Yog tias muaj, zoo heev, koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus.
Yog tias tsis yog, saib qhov kuv tau sau hauv cov lus ua ntej.

Theem 2 - Tsim cov ntaub ntawv khau raj iPXE

Peb tso Ubuntu npaj ua ntej, qhib lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab muab tshuaj txhuam kab no:

git clone https://git.ipxe.org/ipxe.git ipxe

Ntawm no kuv xav ua ib qho lus me me uas koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov pob rau Ubuntu uas tsim nyog rau kev sau C thiab C ++.
Kuv nyuam qhuav muaj lawv ntsia.

Downloaded? - Zoo heev!
Tam sim no koj yuav tsum ua cov ntaub ntawv configuration rau lub rooj sib txoos.
Hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg, peb sau:

cd ipxe/src
gedit chain.ipxe

Thiab paste cov cai hauv qab no rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, thiab tom qab ntawd txuag:

#!ipxe

dhcp
chain http://%IP-address-your-IIS-server%/install.ipxe

Peb rov qab mus rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab pib muab tso ua ke:

make bin-x86_64-efi/ipxe.efi EMBED=chain.ipxe

Yog hais tias txhua yam nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, ces koj yuav tsum tau cov nram qab no tso zis nyob rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg:

Thiab ntaub ntawv ib ipxe, nyob ntawm txoj kev: ipxe/src/bin-x86_64-efi/ipxe.efi
Yog tias vim li cas koj tsis tuaj yeem sau koj tus kheej,
Kuv tau txuas kuv cov ntaub ntawv.
Nws yog compiled rau khau raj los ntawm http://192.168.0.100/install.ipxe

Qhov ntawd yog txhua yam rau Ubuntu.

Kauj ruam 3 - Ntxiv ipxe.efi rau WDS

Peb nqa cov ntaub ntawv uas peb tau txais nyob rau theem ob thiab luam nws raws li txoj kev:
%WDSpath%Bootx64%your-boot-folder%EFIBOOT
Tom qab peb hloov npe rau BOOTX64.EFI.
Nws tsis tsim nyog, nws tsuas yog yooj yim dua.

Tom qab ntawd peb tso tawm cmd sawv cev ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, thiab sau cov lus txib hauv qab no:

wdsutil /set-server /bootprogram:Bootx64%your-boot-folder%EFIBOOTBOOTX
64.EFI /architecture:x64uefi
и
wdsutil /set-server /N12bootprogram:Bootx64%your-boot-folder%EFIBOOTBOOTX
64.EFI /architecture:x64uefi

Qhov no yuav teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm WDS.

Cia peb txheeb xyuas qhov configuration:

wdsutil /get-server /Show:Config

Kuv kuj tau theej cov ntaub ntawv ipxe.efi, renamed nws BOOTIA32.EFI thiab configured khau raj rau nws, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. architecture:x86uefi
Tab sis los ntawm thiab loj, qhov no ua rau tsis muaj kev nkag siab, vim. Bootmgfw.efi cov ntaub ntawv tsis txhawb x86

Cia peb tshawb xyuas qhov tshwm sim.

Zoo heev, WDS xa peb cov ntaub ntawv rau rub tawm thiab nws, tig mus, nrhiav kev teeb tsa raws txoj kev: http://192.168.0.100/install.ipxe

Kauj ruam 4 - Ntawv qhia zaub mov Configuration

Mus rau hauv paus nplaub tshev ntawm koj qhov chaw.
Lub neej ntawd yog: C:inetpubwwwroot

Tsim cov ntawv nyeem install.ipxe.

thiab configure nws raws li cov ntaub ntawv thiab koj xav tau.
Kuj tseem muaj lus Lavxias cov lus piav qhia lus txib
Kuv txaus siab qhov no cov lus qhia thaum teeb tsa koj WDS.

install.ipxe configuration piv txwv

#!ipxe

:start
menu Please choose an operating system to start/install
item --gap Start Win PE
item WinPE-x64 WinPE x64
item --gap ipxe shell
item shell       Drop to iPXE shell

choose target && goto ${target}

:failed
echo Booting failed, dropping to shell
goto shell

:shell
echo Type 'exit' to get the back to the menu
shell
set menu-timeout 0
set submenu-timeout 0
goto start

:WinPE-x64
kernel http://192.168.0.100/wimboot
initrd http://192.168.0.100/peSE/Boot/bcd
initrd http://192.168.0.100/peSE/Boot/boot.sdi
initrd http://192.168.0.100/peSE/Boot/peSE64.wim
boot || goto failed

Koj tuaj yeem nyeem txog kev teeb tsa rau kev thauj khoom winPE no.

Kauj Ruam 5 - Hom MIME

Tom qab tsim cov ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab ntxiv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau IIS hauv paus nplaub tshev,
koj yuav tsum muab lawv nkag.

Vim Txawm hais tias koj sim rub tawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm browser, koj yuav tau txais qhov yuam kev ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob: HTTP 404.3 - Not Found.

Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum ntxiv MIME hom hauv IIS tswj vaj huam sib luag, raws li
nrog cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv uas koj yuav rub tawm ntawm http.

Kuv tsis tau nrhiav seb hom MIME twg zoo dua rau cov hom phiaj no, yog li kuv nug application/octet-stream, tom qab ntawd txhua yam ua haujlwm.

Rau cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj qhov txuas ntxiv, siv lub dot.

Ntawm no yog li:

xaus

Thaum kawg, peb tau txais lub peev xwm los khau raj ntawm lub network hauv zos los ntawm UEFI.

Yog tias peb ua txhua yam kom raug, ces yuav muaj qee yam zoo li cov ntawv qhia khau raj no:

Yog tias koj tau npaj cov cuab yeej yooj yim thiab koj yuav tsis thab nrog kev teeb tsa, ces nws yuav siv sijhawm li 10-20 feeb los siv cov yam ntxwv no.
Nws coj kuv 2 hnub ua haujlwm, vim. Kuv yuav tsum tau google ntau heev.

Kev ua tiav!

Ua tsaug rau koj qhov kev mloog thiab ua tsaug ntau rau cov neeg uas nws cov ntawv tau pab kuv!
Ntawm Habre nws yog: Ingtar и Deeptown.

Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com

Nthuav WDS Functionality: Ntxiv UEFI Boot Capability