Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 30, 2010, David Collier tau sau tias:
Kuv pom tias hauv busybox cov kev sib txuas tau muab faib rau hauv plaub phau ntawv teev npe no.
Puas muaj qee txoj cai yooj yim los txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv phau ntawv twg ntawm qhov txuas yuav tsum dag ...
Piv txwv li, tua yog nyob rau hauv /bin, thiab killall yog nyob rau hauv /usr/bin... Kuv tsis pom tej logic nyob rau hauv no division.
Tej zaum koj yuav paub tias Ken Thompson thiab Dennis Ritchie tsim Unix ntawm PDP-7 xyoo 1969. Yog li, nyob ib ncig ntawm 1971, lawv tau hloov kho mus rau PDP-11 nrog ib khub ntawm RK05 disks (1,5 megabytes txhua).
Thaum lub operating system loj hlob thiab tsis haum rau thawj disk (nyob rau hauv uas lub hauv paus FS nyob), lawv tsiv ib feem mus rau lub thib ob, qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tsev directory (yog li ntawd, lub mount point hu ua / usr - los ntawm lo lus. neeg siv). Lawv duplicated tag nrho cov tsim nyog OS directory nyob rau hauv (/bin, / sbin, / lib, / tmp ...) thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv rau ib tug tshiab disk, vim hais tias cov qub khiav tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Tom qab ntawd lawv muaj peb lub disk, lawv tau teeb tsa rau hauv / home directory thiab txav cov neeg siv cov npe hauv tsev nyob ntawd kom OS tuaj yeem nqa tag nrho cov chaw seem ntawm ob lub disks, thiab cov no yog ntau li peb megabytes (wow!).
Tau kawg, lawv yuav tsum tau ua txoj cai hais tias "thaum lub operating system khau raj, nws yuav tsum muaj peev xwm mount lub disk thib ob hauv / usr, yog li tsis txhob tso cov kev pab cuam xws li mount rau lub disk thib ob hauv / usr lossis koj yuav muaj. teeb meem nqaij qaib thiab qe." Nws yog qhov yooj yim. Thiab qhov ntawd yog nyob rau hauv Unix V6 35 xyoo dhau los.
Kev sib cais ntawm / rau hauv thiab / usr / bin (thiab tag nrho cov ntawv teev npe) yog keeb kwm ntawm cov xwm txheej, kev nthuav dav ntawm 70s uas tau theej los ntawm bureaucrats rau ntau xyoo tam sim no. Lawv yeej tsis nug cov lus nug vim li caslawv nyuam qhuav ua. Qhov kev faib tawm no tsis ua rau muaj kev nkag siab txawm tias ua ntej Linux tau tsim, rau ntau yam:
- Thaum booting, ib qho initrd lossis initramfs yog siv, uas saib xyuas cov teeb meem zoo li "peb xav tau cov ntaub ntawv no ua ntej ib qho." Yog li, peb muaj ua xa ib ntus cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus uas siv los thauj txhua yam ntxiv.
- Cov tsev qiv ntawv sib koom (uas tau ntxiv rau Unix los ntawm cov txiv neej ntawm Berkley) tsis tso cai rau koj hloov cov ntsiab lus ntawm /lib thiab /usr/lib ntawm nws tus kheej. Ob ntu no yuav tsum sib phim lossis lawv yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov no tsis tshwm sim hauv 1974 vim tias lawv muaj qee qhov kev ywj pheej rov qab los vim yog kev sib txuas zoo li qub.
- Pheej yig hard drives tsoo lub 100 megabyte teeb meem nyob ib ncig ntawm 1990, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, muab faib resizing software tshwm sim (partition magic 3.0 tuaj tawm hauv 1997).
Tau kawg, txij li thaum muaj kev faib tawm, qee cov neeg tau tuaj nrog cov cai uas ua rau nws ncaj ncees. Zoo li, lub hauv paus muab faib yog xav tau rau txhua hom OS nta, thiab koj yuav tsum muab koj cov ntaub ntawv hauv zos hauv / usr. Los yog muab tso rau hauv / dab tsi AT&T faib, thiab hauv / usr qhov koj faib, IBM AIX, lossis Dec Ultrix, lossis SGI Irix ntxiv, thiab / usr / hauv zos muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb rau koj lub cev. Thiab tom qab ntawd ib tus neeg txiav txim siab /usr / hauv zos tsis yog qhov chaw zoo rau nruab software tshiab, yog li cia peb ntxiv /opt! Kuv yuav tsis xav tsis thoob yog tias /opt/local tseem tshwm ...
Tau kawg, dhau ntawm 30 xyoo, vim qhov kev sib cais no, txhua yam kev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb cov cai tau tuaj thiab ploj mus. Piv txwv li, "/ tmp raug tshem tawm ntawm reboot, tab sis / usr / tmp tsis yog." (Thiab hauv Ubuntu tsis muaj / usr / tmp hauv txoj cai, thiab hauv Gentoo / usr / tmp yog lub cim txuas rau / var / tmp, uas tam sim no raug rau txoj cai ntawd, thiab nws tsis raug tshem tawm ntawm reboot. yog tag nrho ua ntej Nws kuj tshwm sim tias lub hauv paus FS yog nyeem nkaus xwb, thiab tom qab ntawd koj tsis tas yuav sau dab tsi rau /usr ib yam, tab sis koj yuav tsum sau rau /var. feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem sau tsuas yog hauv /etc, uas qee zaum tau sim txav mus rau /var ...)
Bureaucrats zoo li Linux Foundation (uas tau nqos Pawg Cov Qauv Dawb thaum nws nthuav dav xyoo dhau los) zoo siab los sau thiab ua rau cov kev cai no nyuaj yam tsis tau sim xyuas seb vim li cas lawv nyob ntawd. Qhov lawv tsis paub yog tias Ken thiab Dennis nyuam qhuav txav ib feem ntawm OS mus rau lawv cov npe hauv tsev vim tias RK05 disk ntawm PDP-11 tsawg dhau.
Kuv paub tseeb tias busybox cia li tso cov ntaub ntawv tib yam li nws tau tsim keeb kwm. Tsis muaj laj thawj tiag los ua li ntawd txog tam sim no. Tus kheej, kuv tsuas yog ua /bin, /sbin thiab /lib txuas rau cov npe zoo sib xws hauv /usr. Tom qab tag nrho, cov neeg uas ua hauj lwm nrog embedded software sim nkag siab thiab yooj yim ...
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com