"Kuv yog cyborg tam sim no!" - Australian Liam Zibidi, ib tug hluas programmer, blockchain/Fullstack engineer thiab kws sau ntawv, zoo siab tshaj tawm, thaum nws nthuav tawm nws tus kheej ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm nws . Thaum lub Yim Hli thaum ntxov, nws ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm DIY los tsim cov cuab yeej siv tau, uas nws tsis txaj muag dubbed "cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav." Hloov chaw, peb tab tom tham txog lub twj tso kua tshuaj insulin tus kheej, thiab peb cyborg tsis tau coj txoj hauv kev yooj yim tawm hauv qee yam ntawm nws qhov tsim. Nyeem ntxiv txog lub tswv yim ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej qhib uas nws tso siab rau tom qab hauv kab lus.
illustrations with the except of the device diagram are taken from
Mob ntshav qab zib rau dummies
Liam muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1.
Yog tias muaj tseeb, lo lus "mob ntshav qab zib" txhais tau hais tias ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj diuresis ntau ntxiv - cov zis tso zis, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (DM) loj dua, thiab lub npe luv tau zais hauv paus rau DM. Rov qab rau Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog, feem ntau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tau sau tseg tias muaj cov piam thaj hauv lawv cov zis. Tau ntev dhau los ua ntej qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov tshuaj hormone insulin (uas tseem yuav dhau los ua cov protein ua tiav thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm) thiab nws lub luag haujlwm hauv pathogenesis ntawm ntshav qab zib.
Insulin yog cov tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tswj cov metabolism ntawm ntau yam tshuaj, tab sis nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv cov metabolism ntawm carbohydrates, suav nrog "lub ntsiab" qab zib - qabzib. Rau cov metabolism hauv cov piam thaj hauv cov hlwb, insulin yog, piv txwv li, ib qho kev taw qhia molecule. Muaj cov tshuaj insulin tshwj xeeb receptor molecules nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlwb. "Sab" ntawm lawv, insulin muab lub teeb liab los ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg biochemical: lub xovtooj ntawm tes pib nquag thauj cov piam thaj mus rau sab hauv los ntawm nws daim nyias nyias thiab ua haujlwm sab hauv.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj insulin tuaj yeem piv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb uas tuaj tawm tsam dej nyab. Cov qib ntawm cov tshuaj insulin nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov piam thaj: qhov ntau muaj, qhov ntau dua tag nrho cov tshuaj insulin nce ntxiv. Kuv rov hais dua: nws yog qib hauv cov ntaub so ntswg uas tseem ceeb, thiab tsis yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov molecules, uas yog ncaj qha proportional rau cov piam thaj, vim tias insulin nws tus kheej tsis khi rau cov piam thaj thiab tsis siv rau nws cov metabolism, ib yam li cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb tsis haus dej. dej tuaj, tab sis tsim dams ntawm ib qhov siab. Thiab nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj cov qib no ntawm cov tshuaj insulin rau ntawm lub hlwb, nrog rau qhov siab ntawm cov dams ib ntus hauv cov dej nyab.
Nws yog qhov tseeb tias yog tias tsis muaj insulin txaus, ces cov metabolism hauv qabzib raug cuam tshuam; nws tsis dhau mus rau hauv cov hlwb, tsub zuj zuj hauv cov kua roj ntsha. Qhov no yog pathogenesis ntawm ntshav qab zib. Yav dhau los, muaj cov lus tsis meej pem "insulin-dependent / ywj siab ntshav qab zib," tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb dua los faib nws raws li hauv qab no: hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib yog lub cev tsis muaj insulin (yog vim li cas qhov no feem ntau yog kev tuag ntawm pancreatic cells); Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog qhov txo qis hauv lub cev cov lus teb rau qib ntawm nws tus kheej insulin (tag nrho cov laj thawj tsis nkag siab thiab sib txawv). Hom 1 - muaj ob peb tus neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb thiab lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los tsim cov dams; Hom 2 - dams ntawm qhov siab ib txwm, tab sis tag nrho ntawm qhov los yog ua hla.
Kev hloov kho qhov teeb meem
Ob hom, raws li nws paub meej, ua rau muaj cov piam thaj ntau ntxiv nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub hlwb - hauv cov ntshav, zis, uas muaj qhov tsis zoo rau tag nrho lub cev. Peb yuav tsum nyob los ntawm kev suav ΠΈ nyob rau hauv ib tug syringe thiab phaj, feem. Tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm tus kheej li cas lub cev nws tus kheej tau ua. Ib tug neeg yuav tsum pw tsaug zog, thiab thaum pw tsaug zog, cov tshuaj insulin tseem poob qis; Ib tug neeg tuaj yeem, vim yog qhov xwm txheej niaj hnub, tsis noj raws sijhawm - thiab tom qab ntawd nws cov suab thaj yuav poob qis hauv qab ntawm cov qib ntawm cov tshuaj insulin. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub neej pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov ntawm cov piam thaj theem txwv, tshaj qhov uas muaj coma.
Ib feem ntawm txoj kev daws teeb meem no yog cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub uas hloov cov koob txhaj tshuaj - cov twj insulin. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom siv uas siv cov koob txhaj tshuaj hypodermic txuas ntxiv mus kom tau txais koob tshuaj insulin. Tab sis kev xa khoom yooj yim ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov tseeb hloov kho insulin yam tsis muaj ntaub ntawv ntawm qib qabzib tam sim no. Qhov no yog lwm qhov mob taub hau rau cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws kho mob biotechnologist: kev sim sai thiab kev kwv yees qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj insulin thiab qib qabzib. Technically, qhov no tau pib ua raws li kev soj ntsuam cov piam thaj tas li - CGM systems. Cov no yog ntau yam khoom siv uas tsis tu ncua nyeem cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub sensor tas li tso rau hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Txoj kev no tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab ntxim nyiam rau cov neeg siv ntau dua li cov classic. , tab sis tom kawg yog qhov tseeb dua thiab pom zoo siv yog tias qib qab zib tseem "tso tseg" lossis qee qhov hloov pauv sai dhau sijhawm.
Qhov nruab nrab txuas hauv qhov system no yog ib tus neeg - feem ntau yog tus neeg mob nws tus kheej. Nws kho cov tshuaj insulin nyob ntawm qhov kev nyeem ntawv glucometer thiab qhov kev xav tau - txawm tias nws tau noj khoom qab zib lossis tab tom npaj hla noj su. Tab sis tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob precision, ib tus neeg dhau los ua qhov tsis muaj zog txuas - yuav ua li cas yog tias thaum pw tsaug zog nws raug mob hnyav hypoglycemia thiab tsis nco qab? Los yog nws puas yuav coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, tsis nco qab / nco / teeb tsa lub cuab yeej tsis raug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws tseem yog menyuam yaus? Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, ntau tus neeg tau xav txog kev tsim cov kev tawm tswv yim - yog li cov khoom siv tshuaj insulin nkag mus rau cov zis los ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav.
Tawm tswv yim thiab qhib qhov chaw
Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim tam sim ntawd - muaj ntau lub twj tso kua mis thiab glucometers ntawm lub khw. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov no yog tag nrho cov thawj coj, thiab lawv xav tau ib qho processor thiab software uas tswj lawv.
Cov kab lus twb tau luam tawm ntawm Habre [, ] ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas ob lub cuab yeej rau hauv ib qho system. Ntxiv rau qhov ntxiv qhov thib peb, kuv yuav qhia koj me ntsis txog cov haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb uas sib koom ua ke ntawm kev siv zog ntawm cov neeg nyiam uas xav sib sau ua ke zoo sib xws ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Qhov project OpenAPS (Open Artificial Pancreas System) tau tsim los ntawm Dana Lewis los ntawm Seattle. Thaum kawg ntawm 2014, nws, kuj yog hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib, tau txiav txim siab ua qhov kev sim zoo sib xws. Tom qab sim thiab piav qhia nws lub cuab yeej kom ntxaws, nws thiaj li nrhiav tau , uas piav qhia meej yuav ua li cas muab koj tus kheej CGM meter thiab twj tso kua mis, nyob rau hauv ntau yam variations ntawm txawv manufacturers, nrog rau cov tsim nyog nruab nrab pab kiag li lawm, software xaiv ntawm Github, nrog ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib tug loj hlob zej zog ntawm cov neeg siv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas OpenAPS hais txog yog "peb yuav pab koj nrog cov lus qhia ntxaws, tab sis koj yuav tsum ua txhua yam koj tus kheej." Qhov tseeb yog tias cov dej num no yog ib kauj ruam deb ntawm kev rau txim loj los ntawm FDA (American Food and Drug Administration, uas nws txoj cai lij choj suav nrog tag nrho cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv kho mob). Thiab yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub koj los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov ntawv pov thawj thiab muab tso rau hauv cov tshuab ua hauv tsev kom siv lawv ntawm koj tus kheej, ces txhua qhov kev sim los pab koj ua lossis muag nws yuav raug rau txim hnyav. Qhov thib ob, tab sis tsis muaj tsawg lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm OpenAPS yog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub tsev tsim khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim ntawv thiab meej, cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws yog tsom tshwj xeeb rau kev pab tus neeg mob thiab tsis ua mob rau nws tus kheej.
Nightscout account qhov rais
Lwm qhov project , tso cai rau cov neeg siv xa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej CGM rau huab cia hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag los ntawm lub xov tooj smartphone, smartwatch thiab lwm yam khoom siv, nrog rau saib thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv tau txais. Qhov project yog tsom rau kev ua kom paub ntau tshaj thiab siv tau yooj yim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tseem muaj cov lus qhia ntxaws, piv txwv li, glucometers nrog smartphones nrog ib lossis lwm OS thiab tsim nyog software thiab nruab nrab transmitters.
Kev pom cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab qhov hloov pauv niaj hnub hauv cov piam thaj hauv koj txoj kev ua neej thiab txhim kho tus cwj pwm thiab noj zaub mov, rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim duab yooj yim mus rau lub xov tooj smartphone lossis smartwatch, rau kev kwv yees cov theem ntawm cov piam thaj yav tom ntej, thiab hauv Ntxiv rau, cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem nyeem thiab ua tiav los ntawm OpenAPS software. Qhov no yog raws nraim li Liam siv hauv nws qhov project. Ntawm KDPV cov ntawv - nws tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev pabcuam huab, qhov twg cov ntshav "khob nkhaus" ntawm sab xis yog cov qib qabzib tau kwv yees los ntawm OpenAPS.
Liam's Project
Koj tuaj yeem nyeem txog qhov project hauv kev nthuav dav hauv cov lus nkag ntawm nws qhov blog, Kuv tsuas yog sim rov hais dua nws ntau dua schematically thiab meej.
Lub Hard suav nrog cov khoom siv hauv qab no: Medtronic insulin twj tso kua mis uas Liam Ameslikas muaj; CGM (glucometer) FreeStyle Libre nrog NFC sensor; txuas nrog nws yog MiaoMiao transmitter, uas xa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm daim tawv nqaij NFC sensor mus rau lub smartphone ntawm Bluetooth; Intel Edison microcomputer ua lub processor los tswj tag nrho cov kab ke siv Qhib APS; Explorer HAT yog lub xov tooj cua sib txuas rau tom kawg nrog lub xov tooj smartphone thiab lub twj tso kua mis.
Lub voj voog tiav.
Tag nrho cov khoom kho vajtse raug nqi Liam β¬ 515, tsis suav nrog lub twj tso kua mis nws yav dhau los muaj. Nws xaj tag nrho nws cov khoom los ntawm Amazon, suav nrog Edison txiav tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, subcutaneous sensors rau CGM Libre yog ib qho khoom siv kim - 70 euros ib thooj, uas kav ntev li 14 hnub.
Software: thawj zaug, Jubilinux Linux faib rau Edison thiab tom qab ntawd txhim kho OpenAPS ntawm nws, uas tus kws sau ntawv, raws li nws, raug kev txom nyem nrog. Tom ntej no yog teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv hloov tsheb los ntawm CGM mus rau lub xov tooj smartphone thiab rau huab, uas nws yuav tsum tau tso cai rau tus kheej tsim ntawm xDrip daim ntawv thov (150 euros) thiab teeb tsa Nightscout - nws yuav tsum tau "sib yuav" nrog OpenAPS los ntawm cov plugins tshwj xeeb . Kuj tseem muaj teeb meem nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov cuab yeej, tab sis Nightscout zej zog tau ua tiav pab Liam nrhiav kab.
Ntawm chav kawm, nws yuav zoo li tias tus sau tau overcomplicated qhov project. Qhov kev ncua ntev Intel Edison tau xaiv los ntawm Liam li "ntau zog ntau dua li Raspberry Pi." Apple OS kuj ntxiv cov teeb meem nrog daim ntawv tso cai software thiab cov nqi piv rau Android smartphone. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov kev paub dhau los yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab yuav ntxiv rau ntau yam zoo sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, uas yog tsim los txhim kho lub neej zoo ntawm ntau tus neeg rau cov nyiaj me me. Cov neeg uas tau nce zuj zus los ntawm kev cia siab rau lawv tus kheej lub zog thiab kev txawj ntse.
Liam sib cav tias hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib tau ua rau nws tsis muaj kev ywj pheej, thiab cov cuab yeej nws tsim yog ib txoj hauv kev kom rov qab tau lub siab lub ntsws ntawm kev tswj hwm nws lub cev. Thiab ntxiv rau kev rov ua kom nws txoj kev ua neej zoo li qub, tsim kom muaj lub voj voog kaw insulin twj tso kua mis yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev qhia tus kheej rau nws. "Nws yog qhov zoo dua los khaws koj cov metabolism hauv kev tswj hwm nrog JS code dua li mus rau hauv tsev kho mob," nws sau.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com