Nyob zoo, Habr nyeem. Peb xav qhia cov xov xwm zoo heev. Thaum kawg peb tau tos rau qhov tseeb serial ntau lawm ntawm tiam tshiab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Elbrus 8C processors. Raws li txoj cai, serial ntau lawm yuav tsum pib hauv 2016, tab sis, qhov tseeb, ntau lawm pib tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 2019 thiab tam sim no txog 4000 processors twb tau tsim.
Yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab pib tsim ntau lawm, cov txheej txheem no tau tshwm sim hauv peb Aerodisk, uas peb xav tshwj xeeb ua tsaug rau NORSI-TRANS lub tuam txhab, uas ua siab zoo muab rau peb nrog nws Yakhont UVM hardware platform, uas txhawb nqa Elbrus 8C processors, ua porting. ntawm qhov system cia software. Qhov no yog lub platform niaj hnub thoob ntiaj teb uas ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau ntawm MCST. Tam sim no, lub platform yog siv los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb thiab cov neeg siv xov tooj kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua tiav ntawm cov haujlwm tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tshawb xyuas.
Lub sijhawm tam sim no, qhov chaw nres nkoj tau ua tiav tiav, thiab AERODISK cia qhov system twb muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho version nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev Elbrus.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog cov processors lawv tus kheej, lawv keeb kwm, architecture thiab, ntawm chav kawm, txog peb cov kev siv ntawm cia systems ntawm Elbrus.
История
Keeb kwm ntawm Elbrus processors hnub rov qab mus rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub Soviet Union. Xyoo 1973, ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Precision Mechanics thiab Computer Science muaj npe tom qab. S.A. Lebedev (lub npe tom qab tib yam Sergei Lebedev uas yav tas los coj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm thawj Soviet lub computer MESM, thiab tom qab ntawd BESM) pib tsim cov multiprocessor xam tshuab hu ua "Elbrus". Txoj kev loj hlob tau coj los ntawm Vsevolod Sergeevich Burtsev, thiab Boris Artashesovich Babayan, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj designers, kuj coj ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob.
Vsevolod Sergeevich Burtsev
Boris Artashesovich Babayan
Cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm qhov project yog, ntawm chav kawm, cov tub rog ntawm USSR, thiab cov khoos phis tawj ntawm cov khoos phis tawj no nws thiaj li tau ua tiav hauv kev tsim cov chaw hauv computer thiab tua hluav taws xob rau missile tiv thaiv systems, thiab lwm yam tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj. .
Thawj lub computer Elbrus tau ua tiav xyoo 1978. Nws muaj cov qauv tsim qauv thiab tuaj yeem suav nrog los ntawm 1 txog 10 processors raws li kev sib koom ua ke nruab nrab. Qhov ceev ntawm lub tshuab no mus txog 15 lab kev ua haujlwm ib ob. Tus nqi ntawm RAM, uas yog ib txwm rau tag nrho 10 processors, yog mus txog 2 mus rau 20th hwj chim ntawm lub tshuab lo lus los yog 64 MB.
Tom qab ntawd nws tau muab tawm tias ntau cov thev naus laus zis siv hauv kev txhim kho Elbrus tau tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb tib lub sijhawm, thiab lawv tau raug tswj hwm los ntawm International Business Machine (IBM), tab sis ua haujlwm ntawm cov haujlwm no, tsis zoo li ua haujlwm ntawm Elbrus. , yeej tsis tiav.tau ua tiav thiab tsis kawg ua rau kev tsim cov khoom tiav.
Raws li Vsevolod Burtsev, Soviet engineers sim siv cov kev paub dhau los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Lub architecture ntawm Elbrus computers kuj tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Burroughs computers, Hewlett-Packard kev txhim kho, thiab kev paub ntawm BESM-6 developers.
Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, ntau qhov kev txhim kho yog qhov qub. Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws txog Elbrus-1 yog nws cov architecture.
Tus tsim supercomputer tau los ua thawj lub computer hauv USSR uas siv superscalar architecture. Kev siv dav dav ntawm cov txheej txheem superscalar txawv teb chaws tsuas yog pib hauv 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus nqi pheej yig Intel Pentium processors ntawm kev ua lag luam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tshwj xeeb cov tswv yim / tso zis processors tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntws ntawm cov khoom siv peripheral thiab RAM hauv lub computer. Nws tuaj yeem muaj txog li plaub tus txheej txheem no hauv lub cev; lawv ua haujlwm sib luag nrog lub hauv paus processor thiab muaj lawv tus kheej lub cim xeeb.
Elbrus-2
Xyoo 1985, Elbrus tau txais nws qhov kev xav tau txuas ntxiv; lub computer Elbrus-2 tau tsim thiab xa mus rau ntau lawm. Hauv architecture, nws tsis txawv ntau ntawm nws cov thawj, tab sis siv lub hauv paus tshiab, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tag nrho kev ua tau zoo yuav luag 10 zaug - los ntawm 15 lab kev ua haujlwm ib ob mus rau 125 lab. Lub computer lub peev xwm RAM tau nce mus rau 16 lab 72 lab. -ntsis lus lossis 144 MB. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Elbrus-2 I / O channels yog 120 MB / s.
"Elbrus-2" tau nquag siv nyob rau hauv cov chaw tshawb fawb nuclear hauv Chelyabinsk-70 thiab Arzamas-16 hauv MCC, hauv A-135 missile tiv thaiv kab ke, nrog rau lwm qhov chaw ua tub rog.
Lub creation ntawm Elbrus tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Soviet Union. Ntau tus engineers tau txais kev txiav txim thiab khoom plig. Tus tsim qauv Vsevolod Burtsev thiab ntau tus kws tshaj lij tau txais lub xeev khoom plig. Thiab Boris Babayan tau txais qhov Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Revolution.
Cov khoom plig no ntau tshaj qhov tsim nyog, Boris Babayan tom qab hais tias:
"Hauv xyoo 1978, peb tau ua thawj lub tshuab superscalar, Elbrus-1. Tam sim no nyob rau sab hnub poob lawv tsuas ua superscalars ntawm no architecture. Thawj superscalar tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab hnub poob xyoo 92, peb li xyoo 78. Ntxiv mus, cov version ntawm superscalar uas peb tau ua zoo ib yam li Pentium Pro uas Intel tau tsim xyoo 95. "
Cov lus no hais txog keeb kwm primacy tau lees paub hauv Asmeskas, Keith Diefendorff, tus tsim tawm ntawm Motorola 88110, ib qho ntawm thawj Western superscalar processors, sau:
"Hauv xyoo 1978, yuav luag 15 xyoo ua ntej thawj Western superscalar processors tshwm sim, Elbrus-1 siv lub processor uas tau muab ob qho lus qhia hauv lub voj voog, hloov qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev ua tiav cov lus qhia, hloov npe sau npe thiab ua tiav los ntawm kev xav."
Elbrus-3
Nws yog xyoo 1986, thiab yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab ua tiav kev ua haujlwm ntawm Elbrus thib ob, ITMiVT pib tsim lub Elbrus-3 tshiab, siv cov txheej txheem tshiab tsim qauv. Boris Babayan hu ua qhov kev qhia no "post-superscalar." Nws yog cov qauv no, tom qab ntawd hu ua VLIW / EPIC, uas yav tom ntej (hauv nruab nrab-90s) Intel Itanium processors pib siv (thiab hauv USSR cov kev txhim kho no tau pib xyoo 1986 thiab xaus rau xyoo 1991).
Qhov kev suav no yog thawj zaug siv cov tswv yim ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov sib luag ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas siv lub compiler.
Hauv xyoo 1991, thawj zaug thiab, hmoov tsis, tsuas yog lub khoos phis tawj "Elbrus-3" raug tso tawm, uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho tag nrho, thiab tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Soviet Union, tsis muaj leej twg xav tau, thiab kev txhim kho thiab cov phiaj xwm tseem nyob hauv ntawv.
Yam yuavtsum tau kawm uantej rau qhov tshiab architecture
Pab neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ITMiVT ntawm kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv Soviet tsis tawg, tab sis txuas ntxiv mus ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub npe MCST (Moscow Center of SPARK Technologies). Thiab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 90s, kev koom tes nquag ntawm MCST thiab Sun Microsystems tau pib, qhov twg pab pawg MCST tau koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho UltraSPARC microprocessor.
Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas E2K architecture project tshwm sim, uas tau pib nyiaj txiag los ntawm Sun. Tom qab ntawd, qhov project tau dhau los ua neeg ywj pheej thiab tag nrho cov cuab yeej txawj ntse ntawm nws tseem nyob nrog pab pawg MCST.
"Yog tias peb tau txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm nrog Sun hauv cheeb tsam no, txhua yam yuav yog Sun. Txawm hais tias 90% ntawm txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav ua ntej Hnub tuaj. " (Boris Babayan)
E2K architecture
Thaum peb tham txog kev tsim qauv ntawm Elbrus processors, feem ntau peb hnov cov lus hauv qab no los ntawm peb cov npoj yaig hauv kev lag luam IT:
"Elbrus yog RISC architecture"
"Elbrus yog EPIC architecture"
"Elbrus yog SPARC architecture"
Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov nqe lus no muaj tseeb kiag li, thiab yog tias lawv yog, lawv tsuas yog qee qhov tseeb.
Lub E2K architecture yog ib qho kev sib cais thawj processor architecture; lub ntsiab zoo ntawm E2K yog lub zog efficiency thiab zoo scalability, tiav los ntawm kev qhia meej meej parallelism ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm. E2K architecture yog tsim los ntawm pab pawg MCST thiab yog ua raws li kev tsim qauv tom qab superscalar (a la EPIC) nrog qee qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm SPARC architecture (nrog RISC yav dhau los). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, MCST tau koom tes ncaj qha rau hauv kev tsim peb ntawm plaub qhov kev tsim qauv yooj yim (Superscalars, post-superscalars thiab SPARC). Lub ntiaj teb yog qhov chaw me me.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab yav tom ntej, peb tau kos ib daim duab yooj yim uas, txawm hais tias yooj yim, qhia meej meej cov hauv paus hniav ntawm E2K architecture.
Tam sim no me ntsis ntxiv txog lub npe ntawm architecture, hais txog qhov uas tseem muaj kev to taub yuam kev.
Hauv ntau qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem pom cov npe hauv qab no rau cov qauv no: "E2K", "Elbrus", "Elbrus 2000", ELBRUS ("ExpLicit Basic Resources Utilization Scheduling", piv txwv li kev npaj qhia meej txog kev siv cov peev txheej). Tag nrho cov npe no tham txog tib yam - hais txog kev tsim vaj tsev, tab sis hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev tshaj lij, nrog rau ntawm cov rooj sib tham, lub npe E2K yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov qauv, yog li yav tom ntej, yog tias peb tham txog processor architecture, peb siv. lo lus "E2K", thiab yog hais txog ib tug tshwj xeeb processor, peb siv lub npe "Elbrus".
Technical nta ntawm E2K architecture
Hauv cov qauv tsim ib txwm muaj xws li RISC lossis CISC (x86, PowerPC, SPARC, MIPS, ARM), cov khoom siv nkag tau txais cov kwj ntawm cov lus qhia uas tsim los rau kev ua tiav. Lub processor tuaj yeem ntes cov kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej thiab khiav lawv nyob rau hauv tib lub sijhawm (superscalarity) thiab txawm hloov lawv qhov kev txiav txim (tawm-ntawm-kev txiav txim tiav). Txawm li cas los xij, dynamic dependency tsom xam thiab kev txhawb nqa rau kev txiav txim tsis raug cai muaj lawv cov kev txwv nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm commands launched thiab soj ntsuam ib lub voj voog moos. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov blocks sib thooj hauv lub processor siv lub zog pom tau, thiab lawv cov kev siv nyuaj qee zaum ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg lossis teeb meem kev nyab xeeb.
Hauv E2K architecture, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev txheeb xyuas kev vam khom thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog coj los ntawm tus sau. Lub processor tau txais lub npe hu ua input. Cov lus qhia dav dav, txhua qhov encodes cov lus qhia rau txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm processor uas yuav tsum tau pib ntawm lub voj voog teev. Tus processor tsis tas yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm lossis rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov lus qhia dav dav: lub compiler ua txhua yam no raws li kev txheeb xyuas qhov chaws thiab kev npaj cov peev txheej processor. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom siv processor tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim dua thiab siv nyiaj ntau dua.
Lub compiler muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov chaws tau zoo dua li RISC / CISC processor hardware thiab nrhiav kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej. Yog li ntawd, E2K architecture muaj ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm sib luag ntau dua li cov qauv qub.
Tam sim no muaj peev xwm ntawm E2K architecture:
- 6 raws ntawm cov lej lej lej (ALU) ua haujlwm sib luag.
- Sau npe cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 256 84-ntsis sau npe.
- Kev txhawb nqa kho vajtse rau cov voj voog, suav nrog cov kav dej. Txhim khu kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv processor.
- Programmable asynchronous data pre-pumping device nrog cais nyeem raws. Tso cai rau koj los nkaum qhov ncua sij hawm los ntawm kev nkag mus rau lub cim xeeb thiab ua kom siv ALU kom puv.
- Kev them nyiaj yug rau kev suav kwv yees thiab ib-ntsis predicates. Tso cai rau koj txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev hloov pauv thiab ua tiav ntau txoj haujlwm hauv kev sib txuas.
- Ib qho kev hais kom dav, muaj peev xwm hais txog txog 23 kev ua haujlwm hauv ib lub voj voog moos (ntau dua 33 qhov haujlwm thaum ntim cov operands rau hauv cov lus qhia vector).
x86 ua
Txawm tias nyob rau theem tsim qauv tsim, cov neeg tsim khoom nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa software sau rau Intel x86 architecture. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ib qho system ntawm dynamic (piv txwv li, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, lossis "ntawm ya") kev txhais lus ntawm x86 binary codes rau hauv E2K architecture processor codes tau siv. Cov kab ke no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv thov hom (raws li WINE) thiab hauv hom zoo ib yam li tus neeg saib xyuas (tom qab ntawd nws muaj peev xwm khiav tag nrho cov qhua OS rau x86 architecture).
Ua tsaug rau ntau theem ntawm kev ua kom zoo, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev kub ceev ntawm cov lus txhais lus. Qhov zoo ntawm x86 architecture emulation tau lees paub los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm ntau dua 20 lub tshuab ua haujlwm (xws li ob peb lub Windows) thiab ntau pua daim ntawv thov ntawm Elbrus suav tshuab.
Kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm hom
Ib lub tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws tau txais los ntawm Elbrus-1 thiab Elbrus-2 architectures yog lub npe hu ua kev ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg. Nws cov ntsiab lus yog los xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev zov me nyuam tsuas yog ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv pib, xyuas tag nrho cov cim xeeb nkag mus kom ntseeg tau tias lawv koom nrog qhov chaw nyob siv tau, thiab muab kev tiv thaiv inter-module (piv txwv li, tiv thaiv kev hu xov tooj los ntawm kev ua yuam kev hauv tsev qiv ntawv). Tag nrho cov kev kuaj no yog ua nyob rau hauv hardware. Rau hom kev tiv thaiv muaj ib tug tag nrho-fledged compiler thiab runtime txhawb tsev qiv ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib tus yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov kev txwv tsis pub dhau ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev teeb tsa kev ua tiav, piv txwv li, code sau hauv C ++.
Txawm tias nyob rau hauv ib txwm, "tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv" hom kev ua haujlwm ntawm Elbrus processors, muaj cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub cev. Yog li, pawg ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv (cov saw hlau ntawm qhov chaw nyob xa rov qab rau cov txheej txheem hu) raug cais tawm ntawm pawg neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau kev tawm tsam xws li xa rov qab chaw nyob spoofing siv cov kab mob.
Kev tsim kho tau tsim ntau xyoo ua rau nws ua tsis tau tsuas yog kom ntes tau thiab yav tom ntej tshaj qhov sib tw architectures nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab scalability, tab sis kuj muab kev tiv thaiv kev ua yuam kev uas plague x86/amd64. Bookmarks xws li Meltdown (CVE-2017-5754), Spectre (CVE-2017-5753, CVE-2017-5715), RIDL (CVE-2018-12126, CVE-2018-12130), Fallout (CVE-2018-12127), ZombieLoad (CVE-2019-11091) thiab lwm yam.
Kev tiv thaiv niaj hnub tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo uas pom nyob rau hauv x86 / amd64 architecture yog raws li thaj ua rau thaj ntawm qib kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog vim li cas qhov kev ua tau zoo poob rau tam sim no thiab yav dhau los tiam ntawm processors ntawm cov architectures yog li pom tau thiab yog li ntawm 30% mus rau 80%. Peb, raws li cov neeg siv khoom siv ntawm x86 processors, paub txog qhov no, peb raug kev txom nyem thiab txuas ntxiv "noj cactus," tab sis muaj kev daws teeb meem rau cov teeb meem no ntawm lub hauv paus yog qhov txiaj ntsig tsis txaus ntseeg rau peb (thiab thaum kawg rau peb cov neeg siv khoom), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias kev daws yog Russian.
Технические характеристики
Hauv qab no yog cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm ntawm Elbrus processors yav dhau los (4C), tam sim no (8C), tshiab (8SV) thiab yav tom ntej (16C) tiam hauv kev sib piv nrog Intel x86 processors zoo sib xws.
Txawm tias qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm lub rooj no qhia tau hais tias (thiab qhov no yog qhov txaus siab heev) tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv tsev, uas 10 xyoo dhau los zoo li tsis muaj peev xwm, tam sim no zoo li me me, thiab hauv 2021 nrog lub community launch ntawm Elbrus-16S (uas, ntawm lwm yam. yam, yuav txhawb nqa virtualization) yuav raug txo kom tsawg tsawg.
AERODISK cia qhov system ntawm Elbrus 8C processors
Peb txav los ntawm txoj kev xav mus rau kev xyaum. Raws li ib feem ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm cov tuam txhab MCST, Aerodisk, Basalt SPO (yav tas los Alt Linux) thiab NORSI-TRANS, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia tau tsim thiab npaj rau kev ua haujlwm, uas tam sim no hais txog kev ruaj ntseg, kev ua haujlwm, nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm. yog, yog hais tias tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, ces, nyob rau hauv peb lub tswv yim, yog undoubtedly ib tug tsim nyog kev daws teeb meem uas yuav ua kom paub tseeb tias cov theem tsim nyog ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm peb Motherland.
Tam sim no cov ntsiab lus ...
Kho vajtse
Cov khoom siv khaws cia yog siv los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Yakhont UVM platform los ntawm NORSI-TRANS. Yakhont UVM platform tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm thiab tau suav nrog hauv kev sib sau npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab xov tooj cua-electronic khoom. Lub kaw lus muaj ob lub chaw khaws cia sib cais (2U txhua), uas txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm 1G lossis 10G Ethernet interconnect, nrog rau cov khoom siv disk uas siv SAS kev sib txuas.
Tau kawg, qhov no tsis zoo nkauj li "Cluster hauv ib lub thawv" hom (thaum cov tswj hwm thiab cov tsav tsheb nrog lub dav hlau rov qab tau teeb tsa hauv ib lub 2U chassis), uas peb feem ntau siv, tab sis yav tom ntej nws tseem yuav muaj. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog tias nws ua haujlwm zoo, thiab peb yuav xav txog "hnub" tom qab.
Nyob rau hauv lub hood, txhua tus maub los muaj ib tus processor motherboard nrog plaub qhov rau RAM (DDR3 rau 8C processor). Tsis tas li ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm txhua tus maub los muaj 4 1G Ethernet ports (ob qho uas siv los ntawm AERODISK ENGINE software ua kev pabcuam) thiab peb PCIe txuas rau Back-end (SAS) thiab Front-end (Ethernet lossis FibreChannel) adapters.
Lavxias SATA SSD tsav los ntawm GS Nanotech yog siv los ua khau raj disk, uas peb tau rov sim dua thiab siv hauv cov haujlwm.
Thaum peb xub paub txog lub platform, peb tau tshuaj xyuas kom zoo. Peb tsis muaj lus nug txog qhov zoo ntawm kev sib dhos thiab soldering; txhua yam ua tau zoo thiab ntseeg tau.
operating system
Lub OS version siv yog Alt 8SP rau ntawv pov thawj. Peb tab tom npaj sai sai los tsim lub plug-in thiab hloov kho cov chaw khaws cia tas li rau Viola OS nrog Aerodisk cia software.
Qhov kev faib tawm no yog tsim los ntawm cov qauv ruaj khov tam sim no ntawm Linux ntsiav 4.9 rau E2K (cov ceg nrog kev txhawb nqa mus ntev tau xa los ntawm MCST cov kws tshaj lij), ntxiv nrog thaj ua rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ruaj ntseg. Tag nrho cov pob khoom hauv Alt OS tau sib sau ua ke ncaj qha rau Elbrus siv cov txheej txheem kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ALT Linux Team project, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem txo cov nqi zog rau kev hloov pauv nws tus kheej thiab them nyiaj ntau rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom.
Ib qho kev tso tawm ntawm Alt OS rau Elbrus tuaj yeem nthuav dav hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm siv lub chaw cia khoom muaj rau nws (los ntawm kwv yees li 6 txhiab pob khoom rau lub yim version rau kwv yees li 12 rau cuaj).
Qhov kev xaiv kuj tau ua vim tias lub tuam txhab Basalt SPO, tus tsim tawm ntawm Viola OS, nquag ua haujlwm nrog lwm cov software thiab cov cuab yeej tsim tawm ntawm ntau lub platform, ua kom muaj kev sib cuam tshuam tsis sib xws hauv cov khoom siv kho vajtse thiab software.
Software Storage Systems
Thaum porting, peb tam sim ntawd tso tseg lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv x2 emulation txhawb nyob rau hauv E86K, thiab pib ua hauj lwm nrog processors ncaj qha (zoo hmoo, Alt twb muaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau qhov no).
Ntawm lwm yam, hom kev ua tiav ib txwm muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua (cov peb cov khoom siv kho vajtse tsis yog ib qho) thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo (tsis tas yuav faib ib lossis ob lub cores tawm ntawm yim los khiav cov neeg txhais lus binary, thiab lub compiler ua nws txoj haujlwm zoo dua. li JIT).
Qhov tseeb, kev siv AERODISK ENGINE ntawm E2K txhawb nqa feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm khaws cia uas muaj nyob hauv x86. Lub kaw lus software siv tam sim no ntawm AERODISK ENGINE (A-CORE version 2.30)
Tsis muaj teeb meem, cov haujlwm hauv qab no tau teeb tsa ntawm E2K thiab sim siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom:
- Fault kam rau ua kom txog li ob lub maub los thiab ntau txoj kev I / O (mpio)
- Thaiv thiab nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv nrog nyias ntim (RDG, DDP pas dej; FC, iSCSI, NFS, SMB raws tu qauv suav nrog kev koom ua ke nrog Active Directory)
- Ntau qib RAID nce mus txog peb npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug (suav nrog lub peev xwm siv RAID builder)
- Hybrid cia (sib txuas SSD thiab HDD hauv ib lub pas dej, piv txwv li cache thiab tiering)
- Cov kev xaiv rau txuag chaw siv deduplication thiab compression
- ROW snapshots, clones thiab txawv replication xaiv
- Thiab lwm yam me me tab sis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws li QoS, ntiaj teb hotspare, VLAN, BOND, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov tseeb, ntawm E2K peb tau tswj hwm los siv tag nrho peb cov kev ua haujlwm, tshwj tsis yog rau ntau tus tswj hwm (ntau tshaj ob) thiab ntau lub xov tooj I / O teem caij, uas tso cai rau peb nce kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub pas dej flash los ntawm 20-30%. .
Tab sis peb yuav ntxiv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb no ib yam nkaus, nws yog lub sijhawm.
Me ntsis txog kev ua haujlwm
Tom qab ua tiav qhov kev xeem ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaw lus cia, peb, ntawm chav kawm, pib ua cov kev xeem thauj khoom.
Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug dual-controller cia system (2xCPU E8C 1.3 Ghz, 32 GB RAM + 4 SAS SSD 800GB 3DWD), nyob rau hauv uas lub RAM cache yog neeg xiam, peb tsim ob DDP pas dej ua ke nrog lub ntsiab RAID-10 theem thiab ob 500G. LUNs thiab txuas cov LUNs ntawm iSCSI (10G Ethernet) rau Linux host. Thiab peb tau ua ib qho ntawm cov kev ntsuas ib teev-ntev ntev ntawm cov blocks me me ntawm cov khoom sib txuas uas siv FIO program.
Thawj cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo heev.
Lub load ntawm processors yog nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm 60%, i.e. Qhov no yog theem pib uas lub kaw lus cia tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo.
Yog lawm, qhov no nyob deb ntawm highload thiab qee yam kev them nqi yog tsis txaus rau kev ua haujlwm siab DBMSs, tab sis, raws li peb cov kev coj ua qhia, cov yam ntxwv no txaus rau 80% ntawm cov dej num uas siv los khaws cia.
Ib me ntsis tom qab ntawd peb npaj yuav rov qab los nrog cov ncauj lus qhia ntxaws txog kev ntsuas kev thauj khoom ntawm Elbrus ua lub platform rau kev khaws cia.
Ci ntsa iab yav tom ntej
Raws li peb tau sau saum toj no, kev tsim khoom loj ntawm Elbrus 8C tau pib tsis ntev los no - thaum pib ntawm 2019, thiab los ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis txog 4000 processors twb tau tsim. Rau kev sib piv, tsuas yog 4 processors ntawm tiam dhau los Elbrus 5000C tau tsim nyob rau tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm lawv cov khoom, yog li kev nce qib yog pom tseeb.
Nws yog tseeb hais tias qhov no yog ib tug poob rau hauv lub thoob, txawm rau lub Lavxias teb sab khw, tab sis cov neeg taug kev txoj kev yuav kov yeej nws.
Kev tso tawm ntau kaum tawm txhiab tus Elbrus 2020C processors tau npaj rau xyoo 8, thiab qhov no twb yog ib daim duab loj heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum xyoo 2020, Elbrus-8SV processor yuav tsum tau coj mus rau ntau lawm los ntawm pab pawg MCST.
Xws li cov kev npaj ntau lawm yog ib daim ntawv thov rau ib qho tseem ceeb heev ntawm tag nrho cov domestic server processor khw.
Yog li ntawd, ntawm no thiab tam sim no peb muaj ib tug zoo thiab niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab processor nrog ib tug meej thiab, nyob rau hauv peb lub tswv yim, txoj kev loj hlob zoo, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm uas peb muaj lub feem ntau ruaj ntseg thiab certified Lavxias teb sab-ua ntaub ntawv cia system (thiab nyob rau hauv lub yav tom ntej, virtualization system ntawm Elbrus-16C). Lub system yog Lavxias teb sab mus rau qhov uas nws yog lub cev ua tau nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tej yam kev mob.
Peb feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm qhov tseeb epic tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tuam txhab uas txaus siab hu lawv tus kheej Lavxias teb sab manufacturers, tab sis qhov tseeb yog koom nyob rau hauv re-sticking daim ntawv lo, tsis ntxiv ib yam ntawm lawv tus kheej tus nqi rau cov khoom ntawm ib tug txawv teb chaws chaw tsim tshuaj paus, tsuas yog rau lawv markup. Xws li cov tuam txhab, hmoov tsis, nrum ib tug duab ntxoov ntxoo rau tag nrho cov tiag tiag Lavxias teb sab developers thiab manufacturers.
Nrog rau tsab xov xwm no peb xav kom pom tseeb tias nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws muaj, thiab yuav yog cov tuam txhab uas ua tau thiab ua tau zoo tsim niaj hnub complex IT systems thiab nquag tsim, thiab ntshuam hloov nyob rau hauv IT tsis yog ib tug hais lus phem, tab sis qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv uas peb. sawv daws nyob. Koj tuaj yeem tsis nyiam qhov tseeb no, koj tuaj yeem thuam nws, lossis koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm thiab ua kom nws zoo dua.
Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm txwv tsis pub pab neeg ntawm Elbrus creators los ua ib tug tseem ceeb neeg uas ua ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm processors thiab yuam pab neeg mus nrhiav nyiaj txiag rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob txawv teb chaws. Nws tau pom, ua haujlwm tiav, thiab cov cuab yeej txawj ntse tau khaws cia, uas kuv xav hais ua tsaug ntau rau cov neeg no!
Ntawd yog tag nrho rau tam sim no, thov sau koj cov lus, cov lus nug thiab, tau kawg, kev thuam. Peb ib txwm zoo siab.
Tsis tas li ntawd, sawv cev ntawm tag nrho cov tuam txhab Aerodisk, kuv xav ua kev zoo siab rau tag nrho cov neeg Lavxias IT ntawm lub xyoo tshiab thiab Christmas, xav 100% uptime - thiab cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau leej twg hauv lub xyoo tshiab)).
Cov ntaub ntawv siv
Ib tsab xov xwm nrog cov lus piav qhia dav dav ntawm thev naus laus zis, architectures thiab tus kheej:
Cov keeb kwm luv luv ntawm computers nyob rau hauv lub npe "Elbrus":
Kab lus dav dav txog e2k architecture:
Kab lus yog hais txog tiam 4 (Elbrus-8S) thiab tiam 5 (Elbrus-8SV, 2020):
Specifications ntawm 6th tiam tom ntej ntawm processors (Elbrus-16SV, 2021):
Kev piav qhia ntawm Elbrus architecture:
Cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm Elbrus kho vajtse thiab software platform los tsim ib lub computer supercomputer nrog exascale kev ua tau zoo:
Lavxias teb sab Elbrus technologies rau tus kheej computers, servers thiab supercomputers:
Ib tsab xov xwm qub los ntawm Boris Babayan, tab sis tseem cuam tshuam:
Cov ntawv qub los ntawm Mikhail Kuzminsky:
Kev nthuav qhia ntawm MCST, cov ntaub ntawv dav dav:
Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Viola OS rau Elbrus platform:
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com