Koj txawm nkag siab li cas txog lub xeev ntawm ib yam dab tsi?
Koj tuaj yeem tso siab rau koj qhov kev xav, tsim los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, piv txwv li, cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov vev xaib lossis kev paub dhau los. Koj tuaj yeem nug koj cov npoj yaig thiab cov phooj ywg. Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov rooj sib tham: pawg neeg ua haujlwm yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev lag luam, yog li peb tso siab rau lawv xaiv cov ncauj lus tseem ceeb. Ib cheeb tsam cais yog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshaj tawm. Tab sis muaj teeb meem. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub xeev DevOps tau ua txhua xyoo thoob ntiaj teb, cov ntawv ceeb toom tau tshaj tawm los ntawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws, thiab yuav luag tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Lavxias DevOps.
Tab sis hnub tau los txog thaum qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau ua tiav, thiab hnub no peb yuav qhia koj txog cov txiaj ntsig tau txais. Lub xeev ntawm DevOps hauv Russia tau kawm ua ke los ntawm cov tuam txhab ""Thiab"" Lub tuam txhab Express 42 pab cov tuam txhab thev naus laus zis siv thiab txhim kho DevOps cov kev coj ua thiab cov cuab yeej thiab yog ib qho ntawm thawj zaug tham txog DevOps hauv Russia. Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, Igor Kurochkin thiab Vitaly Khabarov, tau koom nrog hauv kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev sab laj ntawm Express 42, muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev paub hauv ntau lub tuam txhab. Tshaj li 8 xyoo, cov npoj yaig tau saib ntau lub tuam txhab thiab cov haujlwm - los ntawm kev pib mus rau kev lag luam - nrog cov teeb meem sib txawv, nrog rau kev sib txawv ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev tsim vaj tsev.
Hauv lawv daim ntawv tshaj tawm, Igor thiab Vitaly tau piav qhia tias muaj teeb meem dab tsi thaum cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb, lawv daws lawv li cas, nrog rau kev tshawb fawb DevOps li cas thiab vim li cas Express 42 txiav txim siab ua lawv tus kheej. Koj tuaj yeem pom lawv daim ntawv tshaj tawm .
Kev tshawb nrhiav DevOps
Igor Kurochkin pib sib tham.
Peb niaj hnub nug cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm DevOps cov rooj sib tham: "Koj puas tau nyeem xyoo no State of DevOps tsab ntawv ceeb toom?" Tsuas yog ob peb tus tsa tes, tab sis peb cov kev tshawb fawb pom tias tsuas yog ib feem peb kawm lawv. Yog tias koj tsis tau pom cov ntawv ceeb toom no, cia peb hais tam sim ntawd tias lawv txhua tus zoo sib xws. Feem ntau muaj cov lus zoo li: "Piv rau xyoo tas los ..."
Ntawm no peb muaj peb qhov teeb meem thawj zaug, ua raws li ob qho ntxiv:
- Peb tsis muaj ntaub ntawv rau xyoo tas los. Tsis muaj leej twg txaus siab rau lub xeev DevOps hauv Russia;
- Txoj kev. Nws tsis paub meej tias yuav ua li cas ntsuas kev xav, yuav ua li cas tsim cov lus nug, yuav ua li cas los soj ntsuam, sib piv cov txiaj ntsig, nrhiav kev sib txuas;
- Terminology. Tag nrho cov ntawv ceeb toom yog ua lus Askiv, yuav tsum tau txhais lus, ib lub hauv paus rau DevOps tseem tsis tau tsim thiab txhua tus tuaj nrog lawv tus kheej.
Cia peb saib seb qhov kev txheeb xyuas ntawm lub xeev DevOps hauv ntiaj teb tau ua li cas.
Keeb kwm keeb kwm
Kev tshawb fawb DevOps tau ua txij li xyoo 2011. Thawj coj lawv yog Puppet, tus tsim tawm ntawm kev tswj hwm kev teeb tsa. Lub sijhawm ntawd, nws yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb los piav qhia txog kev tsim kho vaj tse nyob rau hauv daim ntawv code. Txog xyoo 2013, cov kev tshawb fawb no tsuas yog kev tshawb fawb hauv ib hom ntawv kaw thiab tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm rau pej xeem.
Nyob rau hauv 2013, IT Revolution tshwm sim, luam tawm ntawm tag nrho cov phau ntawv loj ntawm DevOps. Ua ke nrog Puppet, lawv tau npaj thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm "Lub Xeev ntawm DevOps", qhov twg 4 qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim thawj zaug. Xyoo tom ntej, lub tuam txhab kev sab laj ThoughtWorks, paub txog nws cov radars thev naus laus zis niaj hnub ntawm kev lag luam kev coj ua thiab cov cuab yeej, tau koom nrog. Thiab nyob rau hauv 2015, ib ntu nrog cov txheej txheem tau ntxiv, thiab nws tau paub meej tias lawv ua qhov kev soj ntsuam li cas.
Hauv 2016, cov kws sau ntawv ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb, tau tsim lawv lub tuam txhab DORA (DevOps Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Ntsuas), luam tawm ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm txhua xyoo. Xyoo tom ntej, DORA thiab Puppet tau tshaj tawm lawv daim ntawv tshaj tawm zaum kawg.
Thiab ces tej yam tau nthuav:
Hauv 2018, cov tuam txhab sib cais thiab ob daim ntawv tshaj tawm ywj pheej tau tshaj tawm: ib qho los ntawm Puppet, thib ob los ntawm DORA hauv kev koom tes nrog Google. DORA txuas ntxiv siv nws cov txheej txheem nrog cov ntsuas tseem ceeb, kev ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab cov kev coj ua hauv engineering uas cuam tshuam cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb thiab kev ua haujlwm thoob plaws lub tuam txhab. Thiab Puppet tau tshaj tawm nws txoj hauv kev nrog kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm DevOps. Tab sis zaj dab neeg tsis tau txais; nyob rau xyoo 2019, Puppet tau tso tseg cov txheej txheem no thiab tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm tshiab, uas nws tau teev cov kev coj ua tseem ceeb thiab lawv cuam tshuam li cas DevOps los ntawm lawv qhov kev xav. Tom qab ntawd lwm yam tshwm sim: Google yuav DORA, thiab ua ke lawv tau tshaj tawm lwm daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Tej zaum koj twb pom lawm.
Xyoo no tej yam nyuaj. Nws paub tias Puppet pib nws daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas. Lawv tau ua nws ib lub lim tiam ua ntej peb, thiab nws twb tiav lawm. Peb tau koom nrog nws thiab pom cov ncauj lus dab tsi txaus siab rau lawv. Puppet tam sim no ua nws qhov kev tshuaj xyuas thiab npaj los tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm.
Tab sis tseem tsis tau tshaj tawm los ntawm DORA thiab Google. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis, thaum qhov kev tshawb fawb feem ntau pib, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj txog tias Nicole Forsgren, ib tus tsim ntawm DORA, tau tsiv mus rau lwm lub tuam txhab. Yog li ntawd, peb xav tias yuav tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb lossis tshaj tawm los ntawm DORA xyoo no.
Yuav ua li cas yog cov khoom nyob rau hauv Russia?
Peb tsis tau tshawb fawb txog DevOps. Peb tau hais hauv cov rooj sib tham, rov hais dua lwm tus neeg cov lus xaus, thiab Raiffeisenbank tau txhais "Lub Xeev ntawm DevOps" rau 2019 (koj tuaj yeem pom lawv cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm HabrΓ©), ua tsaug ntau rau lawv. Thiab nws yog tag nrho.
Yog li ntawd, peb tau ua peb tus kheej kev tshawb fawb hauv Russia siv DORA txoj kev thiab kev tshawb pom. Peb siv daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov npoj yaig los ntawm Raiffeisenbank rau peb cov kev tshawb fawb, suav nrog rau synchronize terminology thiab txhais lus. Thiab cov lus nug ntsig txog kev lag luam raug coj los ntawm DORA cov ntaub ntawv thiab daim ntawv nug Puppet xyoo no.
Cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tsuas yog qhov kawg nkaus xwb. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb muaj plaub theem loj:
Thaum lub sijhawm npaj, peb xam phaj cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam thiab npaj cov npe ntawm cov kev xav. Raws li lawv, peb tau sau cov lus nug thiab tsim ib daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas rau tag nrho lub hli ntawm Lub Yim Hli. Tom qab ntawd peb txheeb xyuas thiab npaj daim ntawv tshaj tawm nws tus kheej. Rau DORA, cov txheej txheem no siv sijhawm 6 lub hlis. Peb ua tiav nws hauv 3 lub hlis, thiab tam sim no peb nkag siab tias peb nyuam qhuav muaj sijhawm txaus: tsuas yog los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas koj puas nkag siab cov lus nug uas yuav tsum tau nug.
koom
Tag nrho cov ntawv tshaj tawm txawv teb chaws pib nrog cov duab ntawm cov neeg koom, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv tsis yog los ntawm Russia. Qhov feem pua ββββntawm cov neeg teb lus Lavxias hloov pauv ntawm 5 mus rau 1% ntawm ib xyoos mus rau ib xyoos, thiab qhov no tsis tso cai rau peb kos cov lus xaus.
Daim ntawv qhia los ntawm Accelerate State of DevOps 2019 tsab ntawv ceeb toom:
Hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, peb tuaj yeem xam phaj 889 tus neeg - qhov no yog qhov ntau heev (DORA kev tshawb fawb txog ib txhiab tus neeg txhua xyoo hauv nws cov lus ceeb toom) thiab ntawm no peb ua tiav peb lub hom phiaj:
Muaj tseeb tiag, tsis yog txhua tus ntawm peb cov neeg koom tau mus txog qhov kawg: qhov feem pua ββββua tiav tau tsawg dua ib nrab. Tab sis qhov no tau txaus kom tau txais tus qauv sawv cev thiab ua kev tshuaj xyuas. DORA tsis tshaj tawm cov neeg nyob hauv nws cov ntawv ceeb toom, yog li kev sib piv tsis tuaj yeem ua ntawm no.
Kev lag luam thiab txoj haujlwm
Peb cov neeg teb xov tooj sawv cev rau kaum lub lag luam. Ib nrab ua haujlwm hauv cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis. Qhov no yog ua raws li kev pabcuam nyiaj txiag, kev lag luam, kev sib txuas lus thiab lwm yam. Ntawm cov haujlwm yog cov kws tshaj lij (tus tsim tawm, kuaj, ua haujlwm engineer) thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj hwm (cov thawj coj ntawm pab pawg, pab pawg, thaj chaw, thawj coj):
Txhua tus neeg thib ob ua haujlwm hauv lub tuam txhab nruab nrab. Txhua tus neeg thib peb ua haujlwm hauv cov tuam txhab loj. Feem ntau ua haujlwm hauv pab pawg txog li 9 tus neeg. Cais, peb nug txog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb, thiab feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm, thiab kwv yees li 40% koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho:
Qhov no yog li cas peb tau sau cov ntaub ntawv rau kev sib piv thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev lag luam sib txawv, tuam txhab, thiab pab pawg. Kuv tus npoj yaig Vitaly Khabarov yuav qhia rau koj txog kev tshuaj xyuas.
Kev tsom xam thiab kev sib piv
Vitaly Khabarov: Ua tsaug ntau rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog uas ua tiav peb daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas, sau cov lus nug thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv rau peb ntxiv rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab ntsuas peb cov kev xav. Thiab ua tsaug rau peb cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom, peb muaj ntau yam kev paub dhau los uas tau pab peb txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem kev txhawj xeeb rau kev lag luam thiab tsim cov kev xav uas peb tau sim hauv peb qhov kev tshawb fawb.
Hmoov tsis zoo, koj tsis tuaj yeem nqa ib daim ntawv teev cov lus nug ntawm ib sab thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm tus, piv txwv li, hais tias: "Yog lawm, txhua yam ua haujlwm zoo li ntawd, peb ua tau" thiab mus rau peb txoj kev sib cais. Tsis yog, peb xav tau cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem txheeb xyuas kom paub tseeb tias peb tsis tau yuam kev thiab tias peb cov lus txiav txim siab ntseeg tau. Tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem tsim peb txoj haujlwm ntxiv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no:
Cov ntsuas tseem ceeb
Peb coj DORA txheej txheem ua lub hauv paus, uas lawv tau piav qhia meej hauv phau ntawv "Accelerate State of DevOps". Peb tau kuaj xyuas seb cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb puas haum rau kev lag luam Lavxias, seb lawv puas tuaj yeem siv tib yam li DORA siv los teb cov lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas kev lag luam hauv Russia cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam txawv teb chaws?"
Cov ntsuas tseem ceeb:
- Kev xa tawm zaus. Yuav ua li cas feem ntau yog ib tug tshiab version ntawm daim ntawv thov deployed mus rau qhov chaw tsim khoom (kev npaj hloov, tsis suav nrog hotfixes thiab qhov teeb meem teb)?
- Lub sij hawm xa tuaj. Lub sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm kev hloov pauv (sau kev ua haujlwm raws li cov cai) thiab siv qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov chaw tsim khoom yog dab tsi?
- Lub sijhawm rov qab los. Nws siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas los kho cov ntawv thov hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom tom qab muaj xwm txheej, kev pabcuam kev puas tsuaj, lossis kev tshawb pom qhov yuam kev uas cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv daim ntawv thov?
- Kev hloov tsis tau tiav. Qhov feem pua ββββntawm kev xa tawm hauv ib puag ncig cov khoom ua rau cov ntawv thov degradation lossis teeb meem thiab yuav tsum tau tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim (rolling rov qab hloov, tsim kho qhov kub lossis thaj chaw)?
DORA txoj kev tshawb fawb tau pom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov kev ntsuas no thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum. Peb kuj tshawb xyuas nws hauv peb txoj kev kawm.
Tab sis kom paub tseeb tias plaub qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qee yam, koj yuav tsum nkag siab - lawv puas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg? DORA teb tias yog, nrog rau ib qho lus ceeb toom: kev sib raug zoo ntawm Kev Hloov Failure Rate thiab lwm qhov peb qhov ntsuas tau qis dua me ntsis. Peb tau txais txog tib daim duab. Yog tias lub sijhawm xa khoom, kev xa tawm ntau zaus thiab lub sijhawm rov qab muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog ib leeg (peb tsim qhov kev sib raug zoo no los ntawm Pearson correlation thiab los ntawm Chaddock scale), ces tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev hloov tsis tiav.
Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, cov neeg teb feem ntau nyiam teb tias lawv muaj tsawg tsawg ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwm sim hauv kev tsim khoom. Txawm hais tias peb yuav pom tom qab tias tseem muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm cov neeg teb hauv qhov kev hloov pauv tsis tau tiav, peb tseem tsis tuaj yeem siv qhov ntsuas no rau qhov kev faib tawm no.
Peb ntaus nqi qhov no rau qhov tseeb tias (raws li nws tau muab tawm hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev sib txuas lus nrog qee tus ntawm peb cov neeg siv khoom) muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm kev xaav ntawm qhov uas suav tias yog qhov xwm txheej. Yog tias peb tau tswj xyuas qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm peb cov kev pabcuam thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, qhov no puas tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov xwm txheej? Tej zaum tsis yog, vim peb kho txhua yam, peb zoo heev. Nws puas tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov xwm txheej yog tias peb yuav tsum rov yob peb daim ntawv thov 10 zaug hauv qhov qub, paub hom? Zoo li tsis yog. Yog li ntawd, cov lus nug ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis tiav thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas tseem qhib. Peb yuav qhia meej ntxiv.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog tias peb pom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub sijhawm xa khoom, lub sijhawm rov qab los, thiab kev xa tawm zaus. Yog li ntawd, peb tau coj peb qhov kev ntsuas no los faib cov neeg teb ntxiv rau hauv pab pawg raws li kev tsim khoom.
Qhov hnyav npaum li cas hauv grams?
Peb siv hierarchical pawg tsom xam:
- Peb faib cov neeg teb thoob plaws qhov chaw n-dimensional, qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm txhua tus neeg teb yog lawv cov lus teb rau cov lus nug.
- Peb tshaj tawm txhua tus neeg teb los ua ib pawg me me.
- Peb muab ob pawg nyob ze tshaj plaws rau ib leeg rau hauv ib pawg loj dua.
- Peb pom cov khub tom ntej ntawm pawg thiab muab lawv ua ib pawg loj dua.
Qhov no yog li cas peb muab tag nrho peb cov neeg teb rau hauv cov pawg peb xav tau. Siv ib tug dendrogram (ib tsob ntoo ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm pawg) peb pom qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob pawg neeg nyob sib ze. Txhua yam uas tseem tshuav rau peb yog los teeb tsa ib qho kev txwv ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm pawg no thiab hais tias: "Ob pawg no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ib leeg vim qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv loj heev."
Tab sis muaj qhov teeb meem zais ntawm no: peb tsis muaj kev txwv rau cov pawg - peb tuaj yeem tau 2, 3, 4, 10 pawg. Thiab thawj lub tswv yim yog - yog vim li cas tsis faib tag nrho peb cov neeg teb rau hauv 4 pawg, zoo li DORA ua. Tab sis peb pom tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pab pawg no dhau los ua qhov tsis tseem ceeb, thiab peb tsis tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias tus neeg teb hais tias yog nws pab pawg thiab tsis yog rau cov neeg nyob sib ze. Peb tseem tsis tuaj yeem faib cov lag luam Lavxias mus rau plaub pawg. Yog li ntawd, peb tau txiav txim siab ntawm peb qhov profile, ntawm qhov uas muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb:
Tom ntej no, peb txiav txim siab qhov profile los ntawm pawg: peb coj tus nruab nrab rau txhua qhov kev ntsuas rau txhua pab pawg thiab muab tso ua ke ib lub rooj ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo. Qhov tseeb, cov txiaj ntsig tau txais txiaj ntsig rau cov neeg koom nrog nruab nrab hauv txhua pab pawg tau txais. Peb tau txheeb xyuas peb qhov kev ua tau zoo: Tsawg, Nruab Nrab, Siab:
Ntawm no peb tau lees paub peb qhov kev xav tias 4 qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev txiav txim siab qhov kev ua tau zoo, thiab lawv ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam sab hnub poob thiab Lavxias. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pab pawg, thiab nws tseem ceeb heev. Kuv xav hais ntxiv tias muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo rau qhov kev ntsuas ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis tiav, txawm tias peb tsis tau pib faib cov neeg teb los ntawm qhov ntsuas no.
Ces lo lus nug tshwm sim: yuav ua li cas siv tag nrho cov no?
Yuav siv li cas
Yog tias peb coj ib pab neeg, 4 qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb thiab siv rau lub rooj, tom qab ntawd hauv 85% ntawm cov xwm txheej peb yuav tsis tau txais kev sib tw ua tiav - qhov no tsuas yog cov neeg koom nrog nruab nrab, thiab tsis yog qhov tseeb. Peb txhua tus (thiab txhua pab pawg) txawv me ntsis.
Peb tau kuaj xyuas: peb coj peb cov neeg teb thiab DORA qhov profile, thiab saib seb muaj pes tsawg tus neeg teb tau raug rau ib lossis lwm qhov profile. Peb pom tias tsuas yog 16% ntawm cov neeg teb tau raug poob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov profile. Tag nrho cov seem yog tawg mus rau qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab ntawm:
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov kev ua tau zoo profile muaj qhov txwv. Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov kwv yees thawj zaug ntawm qhov koj nyob, koj tuaj yeem siv lub rooj no: "Au, zoo li peb nyob ze rau Nruab Nrab lossis Siab!" Yog tias koj nkag siab qhov twg koj yuav mus tom ntej, qhov ntawd yuav txaus. Tab sis yog tias koj lub hom phiaj tsis tu ncua, kev txhim kho tas mus li, thiab koj xav paub ntau dua qhov tseeb tias yuav txhim kho qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas, ces xav tau nyiaj ntxiv. Peb hu lawv lub laij lej:
- DORA lub laij lej
- Tshuab xam zauv Express 42 * (hauv kev txhim kho)
- Koj tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob (koj tuaj yeem tsim koj tus kheej hauv tshuab xam zauv).
Lawv xav tau dab tsi rau? Kom nkag siab:
- Pab neeg hauv peb lub koom haum puas ua tau raws li peb cov qauv?
- Yog tias tsis yog, peb puas tuaj yeem pab nws - ua kom nws nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev txawj ntse uas peb lub tuam txhab muaj?
- Yog tias muaj, peb puas tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua?
Koj tuaj yeem siv lawv los sau cov txheeb cais hauv lub tuam txhab:
- Peb muaj pab pawg li cas?
- Faib pab pawg rau hauv cov profiles;
- Saib: Huag, cov pab pawg no ua tsis tau zoo (me ntsis qeeb), tab sis cov no zoo heev: lawv siv txhua hnub, tsis muaj qhov yuam kev, lawv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsawg dua ib teev.
Thiab tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pom tias hauv peb lub tuam txhab peb muaj cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau cov pab pawg uas tseem poob qis.
Los yog, yog tias koj nkag siab tias koj xav tias zoo hauv lub tuam txhab, tias koj zoo dua li ntau, ces koj tuaj yeem saib me ntsis ntxiv. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev lag luam: peb puas tuaj yeem tau txais cov kev txawj ntse tsim nyog hauv kev lag luam Lavxias kom ceev peb tus kheej? Lub tshuab xam zauv Express 42 yuav pab tau ntawm no (nws tab tom txhim kho). Yog hais tias koj muaj outgrown lub lag luam Lavxias teb sab, ces saib thiab rau lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam.
Zoo. Thiab yog tias koj nyob hauv pawg Elit raws li DORA lub laij lej, koj yuav ua li cas? Tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem zoo ntawm no. Feem ntau, koj yog tus thawj coj ntawm kev lag luam, thiab kev txhim kho ntxiv thiab kev ntseeg siab yog ua tau los ntawm R & D sab hauv thiab kev siv nyiaj ntawm cov peev txheej loj.
Cia peb mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws - kev sib piv.
Sib piv
Peb pib xav piv kev lag luam Lavxias nrog Western kev lag luam. Yog tias peb sib piv ncaj qha, peb pom tias peb muaj tsawg dua profile, thiab lawv sib xyaw me ntsis ntxiv rau ib leeg, cov ciam teb yog qhov muag me ntsis:
Peb cov neeg tseem ceeb-ua yeeb yam tau muab zais ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam siab, tab sis lawv nyob ntawd - cov no yog cov neeg tseem ceeb, cov unicorns uas tau mus txog qhov siab loj. Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb thiab siab profiles tseem tsis tau tseem ceeb txaus. Peb xav tias yav tom ntej qhov kev faib tawm no yuav tshwm sim vim qhov nce hauv engineering kab lis kev cai, kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv engineering thiab kev txawj ntse hauv tuam txhab.
Yog tias peb txav mus rau kev sib piv ncaj qha hauv kev lag luam Lavxias, peb pom tias cov pab pawg siab profile zoo dua rau txhua yam. Peb kuj tau lees paub peb qhov kev xav tias muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov kev ntsuas no thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum: Cov pab pawg siab tshaj yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam tsis yog tsuas yog ua tiav cov hom phiaj, tab sis kuj tshaj lawv.
Cia peb ua Pab Pawg Siab profile thiab tsis txhob tso tseg:
Tab sis xyoo no yog qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab peb tau txiav txim siab los tshuaj xyuas seb cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm li cas hauv kev sib kis: Cov pab pawg siab tshaj tiv thaiv tau zoo dua thiab zoo dua li kev lag luam nruab nrab:
- Cov khoom tshiab tau tso tawm 1,5-2 zaug ntau zaus,
- Ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab / lossis kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv thov infrastructure 2 zaug ntau dua.
Ntawd yog, cov peev txheej uas lawv twb tau pab lawv txhim kho sai dua, qhia cov khoom tshiab, hloov kho cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm, yog li kov yeej kev lag luam tshiab thiab cov neeg siv tshiab:
Dab tsi ntxiv tau pab peb pab pawg?
Kev coj ua engineering
Kuv yuav qhia koj txog qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb rau txhua qhov kev coj ua uas peb tau kuaj xyuas. Tej zaum lwm yam pab pawg, tab sis peb tab tom tham txog DevOps. Thiab nyob rau hauv DevOps, peb pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pab pawg sib txawv.
Platform raws li kev pabcuam
Peb tsis pom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub platform thiab pab pawg profile: Platforms tshwm sim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm rau ob pawg qis thiab siab. Tab sis rau tom kawg, lub platform muab qhov nruab nrab ntau cov kev pabcuam thiab ntau software cuam tshuam rau kev tswj hwm los ntawm cov cai tswjfwm. Thiab pab pawg platform feem ntau yuav pab lawv cov neeg tsim khoom thiab pab pawg siv lub platform, feem ntau yuav daws lawv cov teeb meem thiab xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog lub platform, thiab cob qhia lwm pab pawg.
Infrastructure li code
Txhua yam ntawm no yog tus qauv zoo nkauj. Peb pom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm automation ntawm infrastructure code thiab ntau npaum li cas cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub infrastructure repository. Cov pab pawg siab tshaj khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv hauv cov chaw khaws cia: qhov no suav nrog kev teeb tsa kev tsim kho vaj tse, CI / CD kav dej, chaw teeb tsa ib puag ncig thiab tsim cov ntsuas. Lawv khaws cov ntaub ntawv no ntau zaus, ua haujlwm zoo dua nrog cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, thiab muaj cov txheej txheem ntau dua thiab ua haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov txheej txheem kev cai.
Interestingly, peb tsis tau pom qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev ntsuam xyuas kev tsim kho vaj tse. Kuv ntaus nqi rau qhov tseeb tias High profile teams feem ntau muaj ntau qhov kev xeem automation. Tej zaum lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas cov txheej txheem, tab sis qhov kev sim lawv siv los xyuas cov ntawv thov txaus, thiab ua tsaug rau lawv lawv tuaj yeem pom dab tsi thiab qhov twg lawv tau tawg.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev xa khoom
Qhov kev tho txawv tshaj plaws, vim peb tau lees tias: qhov ntau automation koj muaj, qhov zoo dua koj ua haujlwm nrog cov lej, qhov ntau dua koj yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
architecture
Peb xav pom tias microservices cuam tshuam li cas rau kev ua haujlwm. Ua ncaj ncees, lawv tsis ua, vim tias kev siv microservices tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev nce hauv cov ntsuas kev ua haujlwm. Microservices yog siv los ntawm ob pawg siab thiab qis profile.
Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb yog tias rau Cov Pab Pawg Siab, kev hloov mus rau microservice architecture tso cai rau lawv tus kheej tsim lawv cov kev pabcuam thiab yob tawm. Yog hais tias lub architecture tso cai rau cov neeg tsim khoom ua tus tswj hwm tus kheej, tsis tas tos ib tus neeg sab nraud rau pab pawg, ces qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev nce nrawm. Qhov no yog qhov uas microservices pab. Tab sis tsuas yog lawv qhov kev siv tsis ua lub luag haujlwm loj.
Peb nrhiav tau tag nrho cov no li cas?
Peb muaj ib txoj kev npaj siab los ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem DORA, tab sis tsis muaj peev txheej. Yog tias DORA siv ntau qhov kev txhawb nqa thiab kev kawm yuav siv sijhawm rau lub hlis, peb tau ua peb txoj kev kawm hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Peb xav tsim tus qauv DevOps zoo li DORA ua, thiab peb yuav ua qhov ntawd yav tom ntej. Txog tam sim no peb txwv peb tus kheej rau cov ntawv qhia cua sov:
Peb tau saib ntawm kev faib cov kev coj ua hauv engineering ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm txhua qhov profile, thiab pom tias pab pawg ntawm High profile, qhov nruab nrab, siv engineering xyaum ntau dua. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem ntxiv txog txhua yam no hauv peb .
Rau qhov kev hloov pauv, cia peb hloov los ntawm cov txheeb cais nyuaj mus rau qhov yooj yim.
Peb nrhiav tau dab tsi ntxiv?
Cov cuab yeej
Peb pom tias Linux OS tsev neeg siv cov lus txib tshaj plaws. Tab sis Windows tseem nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv - tsawg kawg ib feem peb ntawm peb cov neeg teb tau sau tseg tias siv ib lossis lwm qhov ntawm nws. Lub khw zoo li muaj qhov xav tau no. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov peev txheej no thiab muab kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov rooj sib tham.
Ntawm cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag, nws tsis muaj qhov zais cia uas Kubernetes coj (52%). Tom ntej no orchestrator nyob rau hauv kab yog Docker Swarm (kwv yees li 12%). Qhov nrov tshaj plaws CI systems yog Jenkins thiab GitLab. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws configuration tswj system yog Ansible, ua raws li los ntawm peb tus hlub Plhaub.
Ntawm cov huab hosting cov chaw muab kev pabcuam, Amazon tam sim no tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Qhov feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab huab yog maj nce. Xyoo tom ntej nws yuav nthuav kom pom tias cov neeg muab kev pabcuam huab cua Lavxias yuav xav li cas thiab seb lawv qhov kev lag luam puas yuav nce ntxiv. Lawv muaj, lawv tuaj yeem siv tau, thiab qhov zoo:
Kuv muab hauv pem teb rau Igor, leej twg yuav muab qee qhov txheeb cais ntxiv.
Kev nthuav dav ntawm kev coj ua
Igor Kurochkin: Sib cais, peb nug cov neeg teb kom qhia seb qhov kev txiav txim siab engineering tau muab faib li cas hauv tuam txhab. Feem ntau cov tuam txhab muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj cov qauv sib txawv, thiab cov phiaj xwm kev sim tau nrov heev. Peb kuj pom qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm cov profiles. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm High profile feem ntau siv tus qauv "Kev pib los ntawm hauv qab", thaum pab pawg me me ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hloov cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, cov cuab yeej, thiab sib koom ua tiav kev txhim kho nrog lwm pab pawg. Ntawm Nruab Nrab, qhov no yog qhov kev pib ua haujlwm saum toj kawg nkaus uas kov tag nrho lub tuam txhab los ntawm kev tsim cov zej zog thiab cov chaw zoo tshaj plaws:
Agile thiab DevOps
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Agile thiab DevOps feem ntau tau tham hauv kev lag luam. Cov lus nug no kuj tau hais hauv State of Agile Report rau 2019/2020, yog li peb txiav txim siab los sib piv seb Agile thiab DevOps cov haujlwm hauv tuam txhab muaj feem cuam tshuam li cas. Peb tau pom tias DevOps tsis muaj Agile yog tsawg. Rau ib nrab ntawm cov neeg teb, qhov kev sib kis ntawm Agile tau pib pom ua ntej, thiab kwv yees li 20% tau pom ib txhij pib, thiab ib qho ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm Low profile yuav yog qhov tsis muaj Agile thiab DevOps kev coj ua:
Pab neeg topologies
Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo tas los phau ntawv "", uas tawm tswv yim lub moj khaum rau piav txog pab pawg topologies. Peb xav tsis thoob yog tias nws yuav siv rau cov tuam txhab Lavxias. Thiab peb nug cov lus nug: "Koj pom cov qauv dab tsi?"
Pab pawg tsim kho vaj tse tau pom nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm cov neeg teb, nrog rau kev sib cais, kev sim thiab pab pawg ua haujlwm. Ib pawg DevOps ib leeg tau sau tseg 45%, ntawm cov neeg sawv cev siab ntau dua. Tom ntej no tuaj hla kev ua haujlwm pab pawg, uas kuj muaj ntau dua ntawm High. Sib cais SRE cov lus txib tshwm sim hauv High, Nruab Nrab profiles thiab tsis tshua pom muaj nyob hauv Low profile:
DevQaOps Ratio
Peb pom cov lus nug no ntawm FaceBook los ntawm pab pawg thawj coj ntawm pab pawg Skyeng platform - nws txaus siab rau qhov piv ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom, cov neeg sim thiab cov thawj coj hauv tuam txhab. Peb nug nws thiab saib cov lus teb coj mus rau hauv tus account cov profiles: cov neeg sawv cev ntawm High profile muaj tsawg dua cov kev sim thiab kev ua haujlwm engineers rau txhua tus tsim tawm:
Cov phiaj xwm rau 2021
Hauv lawv cov phiaj xwm rau xyoo tom ntej, cov neeg teb tau sau tseg cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom qhov kev sib tshuam nrog DevOps Live 2020 lub rooj sib tham. Peb ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas qhov program:
- Infrastructure ua ib yam khoom
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm DevOps
- Kev faib tawm ntawm DevOps kev coj ua
- DevSecOps
- Case clubs thiab kev sib tham
Tab sis peb cov lus hais yuav tsis muaj sijhawm txaus los npog tag nrho cov ncauj lus. Hauv qab scenes:
- Platform ua ib qho kev pabcuam thiab ua ib yam khoom;
- Infrastructure li code, ib puag ncig thiab huab;
- Kev sib koom ua ke tsis tu ncua thiab kev xa khoom;
- Kev tsim vaj tsev;
- DevSecOps Cov Qauv;
- Platform thiab cov pab pawg sib koom ua ke.
Peb lub ntsej muag yog voluminous, 50 nplooj ntawv ntev, thiab koj tuaj yeem saib nws kom meej ntxiv.
Summing txog
Peb cia siab tias peb cov kev tshawb fawb thiab daim ntawv tshaj tawm yuav txhawb kom koj sim nrog txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev txhim kho, kev sim, thiab kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau pab koj tau txais koj cov kabmob, piv koj tus kheej rau lwm tus hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb, thiab txheeb xyuas qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem txhim kho koj tus kheej txoj hauv kev. .
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm thawj txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub xeev DevOps hauv Russia:
- Cov ntsuas tseem ceeb. Peb tau pom tias cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb (lub sijhawm xa khoom, tus nqi xa tawm, lub sijhawm rov qab los, thiab hloov pauv tsis ua haujlwm) yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhim kho, kev sim, thiab kev ua haujlwm.
- Profiles siab, nruab nrab, qis. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, nws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov pawg sib txawv: Siab, Nruab Nrab, Tsawg, nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb raws li kev ntsuas, kev coj ua, txheej txheem thiab cov cuab yeej. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm High profile qhia tau zoo dua li Low. Lawv muaj feem yuav ua tiav thiab tshaj lawv cov hom phiaj.
- Indicators, pandemic thiab kev npaj rau 2021. Ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau xyoo no yog cov tuam txhab lag luam tau txais kev sib kis zoo li cas. Kev ua tau zoo dua qub, tau ntsib kev nce hauv cov neeg siv kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav yog cov txheej txheem txhim kho kom zoo thiab muaj zog engineering kab lis kev cai.
- DevOps kev coj ua, cov cuab yeej thiab lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Cov tuam txhab cov phiaj xwm tseem ceeb rau xyoo tom ntej suav nrog kev txhim kho DevOps cov kev coj ua thiab cov cuab yeej, kev qhia txog DevSecOps cov kev coj ua, thiab kev hloov pauv hauv lub koom haum. Thiab qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev txhim kho ntawm DevOps cov kev coj ua yog ua los ntawm kev sim ua haujlwm, tsim cov zej zog thiab cov chaw muaj peev xwm, cov thawj coj ntawm cov tuam txhab sab saud thiab qis dua.
Peb yuav zoo siab tau hnov ββkoj cov lus qhia, dab neeg, cov lus qhia. Peb ua tsaug rau txhua tus uas tau koom nrog txoj kev kawm thiab tos ntsoov rau koj txoj kev koom tes rau xyoo tom ntej.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com