Lub ntiaj teb thawj lub zog tsav, IBM RAMAC 305, tso tawm xyoo 1956, tuav tsuas yog 5 MB ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, hnyav 970 kg thiab tau muab piv rau qhov loj me rau lub tub yees. Cov tuam txhab lag luam niaj hnub no tuaj yeem khav tau lub peev xwm ntawm 20 TB. Cia li xav txog: 64 xyoo dhau los, txhawm rau sau cov ntaub ntawv no, ntau dua 4 lab RAMAC 305 yuav tsum tau ua, thiab qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw yuav tsum tau ua kom haum lawv yuav muaj ntau tshaj 9 square kilometers, hos hnub no ib lub thawv me me uas hnyav. ib 700g! Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, qhov zoo kawg no nce nyob rau hauv cia ceev tau tiav ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv magnetic kaw txoj kev.
Nws nyuaj rau ntseeg, tab sis lub hauv paus tsim ntawm hard drives tsis tau hloov yuav luag 40 xyoo, pib hauv 1983: yog thaum thawj 3,5-nti hard drive RO351, tsim los ntawm Scottish tuam txhab Rodime, pom lub teeb ntawm hnub. Tus me nyuam no muaj ob lub 10MB platters, txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem tuav tau ob zaug ntau npaum li cov ntaub ntawv Seagate hloov kho 412-nti ST-5,25, tso tawm tib lub xyoo rau IBM 5160 tus kheej lub computer.
Rodime RO351 - lub ntiaj teb thawj 3,5-nti hard drive
Txawm hais tias nws qhov kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev cog lus me me, thaum lub sijhawm tso tawm RO351 tau ua rau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau leej twg, thiab txhua qhov kev sim ntxiv los ntawm Rodime kom tau txais lub hauv paus hauv kev lag luam nyuaj nyuaj, uas yog vim li cas xyoo 1991 lub tuam txhab raug yuam. kom tso tseg nws cov dej num, muag yuav luag tag nrho cov cuab tam uas twb muaj lawm thiab txo cov neeg ua haujlwm kom tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, Rodime tsis yog lub hom phiaj rau kev puas tsuaj: tsis ntev los no cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam loj tshaj plaws tau pib hu rau nws, xav yuav daim ntawv tso cai siv daim ntawv foos patented los ntawm Scots. Tam sim no, 3,5 ntiv tes yog tus qauv lees paub feem ntau rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ob tus neeg siv khoom HDDs thiab kev lag luam-chav tsav tsheb.
Nrog rau kev tshwm sim ntawm neural tes hauj lwm, Deep Learning thiab Internet of Things (IoT), lub ntim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm tib neeg pib loj hlob exponentially. Raws li kev kwv yees los ntawm lub koom haum tshuaj ntsuam xyuas IDC, los ntawm 2025 tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm ob tus tib neeg lawv tus kheej thiab cov khoom siv nyob ib puag ncig peb yuav ncav cuag 175 zettabytes (1 Zbyte = 1021 bytes), thiab qhov no txawm tias qhov tseeb tias xyoo 2019 qhov no suav txog 45 Zbytes. , nyob rau hauv 2016 - 16 Zbytes, thiab rov qab rau hauv 2006, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov soj ntsuam keeb kwm tsis ntau tshaj 0,16 (!) Zbytes. Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no tau pab tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv tawg, tsis yog tsawg kawg yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau cov ntaub ntawv.
LMR, PMR, CMR thiab TDMR: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv?
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm hard drives yog qhov yooj yim heev. Cov hlau nyias nyias coated nrog ib txheej ntawm cov khoom siv ferromagnetic (cov khoom siv crystalline uas tuaj yeem nyob twj ywm magnetized txawm tias tsis raug rau sab nraud magnetic teb ntawm qhov kub hauv qab Curie point) txav mus rau qhov chaw sau lub taub hau ntawm kev kub ceev (5400 revolutions ib feeb lossis ntau). Thaum cov hluav taws xob tam sim no siv rau lub taub hau sau, ib qho chaw sib nqus sib nqus tshwm sim, uas hloov cov kev taw qhia ntawm magnetization vector ntawm cov domains (discrete regions of matter) ntawm ferromagnet. Kev nyeem cov ntaub ntawv tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction (lub zog ntawm cov thawj txheeb ze ntawm lub sensor ua rau cov tsos ntawm ib tug alternating hluav taws xob tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub tom kawg), los yog vim muaj ib tug loj heev magnetoresistive nyhuv (nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub magnetic teb ntawm hluav taws xob. tsis kam ntawm lub sensor hloov), raws li yog siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub drives. Txhua tus sau encodes ib me ntsis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, noj lub logic nqi "0" los yog "1" nyob ntawm seb cov kev taw qhia ntawm magnetization vector.
Tau ntev, hard drives siv Longitudinal Magnetic Recording (LMR) txoj kev, nyob rau hauv uas tus sau magnetization vector nteg nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Txawm hais tias tus txheeb ze ntawm kev siv yooj yim, cov thev naus laus zis no muaj qhov tsis zoo: txhawm rau txhawm rau kov yeej kev sib nqus (kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom sib nqus mus rau hauv ib lub xeev), qhov chaw tsis zoo (qhov chaw hu ua chaw zov me nyuam) yuav tsum tau sab laug ntawm cov lem. Yog li ntawd, qhov siab tshaj plaws cov ntaub ntawv ceev uas tau ua tiav thaum kawg ntawm cov cuab yeej no tsuas yog 150 Gbit / nti2.
Hauv xyoo 2010, LMR yuav luag tag nrho los ntawm PMR (Perpendicular Magnetic Recording). Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej no thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus ntev yog qhov sib nqus kev taw qhia vector ntawm txhua qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 Β° rau saum npoo ntawm cov phaj hlau nplaum, uas tau txo qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lem.
Vim li no, cov ntaub ntawv kaw ntom nti tau nce ntxiv (txog 1 Tbit / hauv 2 hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub), yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv ceev thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov hard drive. Tam sim no, perpendicular magnetic recording dominates lag luam, uas yog vim li cas nws kuj yog feem ntau hu ua CMR (Paub Magnetic Recording). Tib lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm PMR thiab CMR - nws tsuas yog lub npe sib txawv.
Thaum kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hard drive niaj hnub no, koj tuaj yeem tuaj hla cov ntawv luv luv TDMR. Tshwj xeeb, cov tshuab no yog siv los ntawm kev lag luam-chav tsav tsheb . Los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev, TDMR (uas sawv cev rau Ob Qhov Sib Nqus Sib Nqus Cov Ntaub Ntawv) tsis txawv ntawm PMR li niaj zaus: zoo li ua ntej, peb tab tom cuam tshuam nrog cov kev sib tshuam tsis sib xws, cov thawj ntawm cov uas tau taw qhia rau lub dav hlau ntawm cov hlau nplaum. daim hlau. Qhov sib txawv ntawm thev naus laus zis yog nyob rau hauv txoj hauv kev los nyeem cov ntaub ntawv.
Nyob rau hauv lub thaiv ntawm magnetic taub hau ntawm hard drives tsim siv TDMR technology, txhua lub taub hau sau ntawv muaj ob tug nyeem ntawv sensors ib txhij nyeem cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm txhua txoj kev mus. Qhov redundancy no tso cai rau HDD maub los ua kom zoo lim electromagnetic nrov, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam (ITI).
Kev daws teeb meem ITI muab ob qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb:
- txo cov suab nrov tso cai rau koj los ua kom cov ntaub ntawv ceev los ntawm kev txo qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov lem, muab qhov nce ntawm tag nrho cov peev xwm txog li 10% piv rau cov pa PMR;
- Ua ke nrog RVS thev naus laus zis thiab peb txoj haujlwm microactuator, TDMR zoo tiv thaiv kev sib hloov kev co los ntawm cov tsav nyuaj, pab kom ua tiav qib kev ua tau zoo txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm nyuaj tshaj plaws.
SMR yog dab tsi thiab nws noj nrog dab tsi?
Qhov loj ntawm lub taub hau sau ntawv yog kwv yees li 1,7 npaug loj dua piv rau qhov loj ntawm kev nyeem ntawv sensor. Xws li qhov sib txawv zoo tuaj yeem piav qhia yooj yim heev: yog tias cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus tau ua ntau qhov me me, lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas nws tuaj yeem tsim tau yuav tsis txaus rau magnetize cov domains ntawm ferromagnetic txheej, uas txhais tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog yuav. tsis khaws cia. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev nyeem ntawv sensor, qhov teeb meem no tsis tshwm sim. Ntxiv mus: nws cov miniaturization ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ntxiv txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ITI saum toj no hais txog cov txheej txheem nyeem cov ntaub ntawv.
Qhov tseeb no tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR). Cia peb kawm seb nws ua haujlwm li cas. Thaum siv ib txwm PMR, lub taub hau sau tau hloov mus rau txhua qhov kev sib tw dhau los los ntawm qhov deb sib npaug ntawm nws qhov dav + qhov dav ntawm qhov chaw zov me nyuam.
Thaum siv cov txheej txheem sib nqus sib nqus, cov ntawv sau lub taub hau txav mus rau pem hauv ntej tsuas yog ib feem ntawm nws qhov dav, yog li txhua qhov kev taug qab dhau los yog ib nrab sau los ntawm tus tom ntej: cov hlau nplaum sib tshooj sib tshooj zoo li cov vuas vov tsev. Txoj hauv kev no tso cai rau koj los ua kom cov ntaub ntawv ceev ntxiv, ua kom muaj peev xwm nce mus txog 10%, yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev nyeem ntawv. Ib qho piv txwv yog - lub ntiaj teb thawj 3.5-nti 20 TB tsav nrog SATA / SAS interface, qhov pom ntawm qhov ua tau ua tsaug rau cov cuab yeej tshiab sib nqus. Yog li, kev hloov pauv mus rau SMR disks tso cai rau koj kom nce qhov ceev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv tib lub racks nrog cov nqi tsawg rau kev txhim kho IT infrastructure.
Txawm tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li no, SMR kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo. Txij li thaum cov hlau nplaum sib tshooj sib tshooj, kev hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau rov sau dua tsis yog tsuas yog qhov yuav tsum tau tawg, tab sis kuj tag nrho cov kab txuas txuas ntxiv hauv cov hlau nplaum sib nqus, qhov ntim uas tuaj yeem tshaj 2 terabytes, uas tuaj yeem ua rau poob qis hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qee qhov kev taug mus rau hauv ib pawg hu ua zones. Txawm hais tias txoj hauv kev no los txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia me ntsis txo qis tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm HDD (vim tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cheeb tsam los tiv thaiv cov kab los ntawm cov pab pawg nyob ib sab los ntawm kev sau dua), nws tuaj yeem ua kom cov txheej txheem hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv, txij li tam sim no. tsuas yog ib tug tsawg tus lej ntawm cov lem tau koom nrog nws.
Pobzeb sib nqus kaw muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv:
- Tsav Tswj SMR
Nws lub ntsiab kom zoo dua yog tias tsis tas yuav hloov kho tus tswv software thiab / lossis kho vajtse, txij li HDD maub los tswj hwm cov txheej txheem kaw cov ntaub ntawv. Cov tsav zoo li no tuaj yeem txuas rau txhua qhov system uas muaj qhov xav tau interface (SATA lossis SAS), tom qab ntawd lub tsav yuav npaj tau sai rau kev siv.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj hauv kev no yog qhov kev ua tau zoo sib txawv, ua rau Tsav Tswj SMR tsis tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam uas qhov kev ua tau zoo sib xws yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsav zoo li no ua tau zoo hauv cov xwm txheej uas tso cai rau lub sijhawm txaus rau cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm defragmentation tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, DMSMR tsav , optimized rau siv raws li ib feem ntawm me me 8-bay NAS, yuav yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo heev rau ib tug archiving los yog backup system uas yuav tsum tau mus sij hawm ntev cia ntawm backups.
- Tus Tswv Tswj SMR
Lub Tswv Yim Tswj SMR yog qhov nyiam cov ntaub ntawv teev cia rau kev siv hauv ib puag ncig kev lag luam. Hauv qhov no, tus tswv tsev nws tus kheej yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv ntws thiab nyeem / sau ua haujlwm, siv rau cov hom phiaj no ATA (Zoned Device ATA Command Set, ZAC) thiab SCSI (Zoned Block Commands, ZBC) interface txuas ntxiv tsim los ntawm INCITS T10 thiab T13 pawg.
Thaum siv HMSMR, tag nrho cov muaj peev xwm khaws cia ntawm tus tsav tau muab faib ua ob hom ntawm thaj chaw: Cov Thaj Chaw Pauv, uas yog siv los khaws cov ntaub ntawv metadata thiab cov ntaub ntawv random (tseem ceeb ua si lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub cache), thiab Sequential Write Required Zones, uas nyob. ib feem loj ntawm tag nrho cov hard drive muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub ntawv yog sau nruj me ntsis sequentially. Cov ntaub ntawv tawm ntawm kev txiav txim yog khaws cia rau hauv thaj chaw cache, los ntawm qhov chaw uas nws tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov tsim nyog sau qhov chaw. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias tag nrho cov khoom siv lub cev tau sau ua ntu zus hauv cov kev taw qhia radial thiab rov sau dua tsuas yog tom qab hloov mus rau cyclic, uas ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, HMSMR drives txhawb kev nyeem cov lus txib hauv tib txoj kev uas siv cov qauv PMR.
Host Managed SMR yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam-chav kawm hard drives .
Cov kab no suav nrog lub peev xwm siab SATA thiab SAS tsav tsim los siv rau hauv cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv hyperscale. Kev them nyiaj yug rau Lub Tuam Txhab Tswj SMR tau nthuav dav dav ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov hard drives: ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem thaub qab, lawv zoo meej rau huab cia, CDN lossis streaming platforms. Lub peev xwm siab ntawm cov tsav nyuaj tso cai rau koj kom nce qhov ceev ceev (hauv tib lub racks) nrog cov nqi hloov tshiab tsawg, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg (tsis pub ntau tshaj 0,29 watts ib terabyte ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia) thiab cua sov dissipation (qhov nruab nrab 5 Β° C qis dua. tshaj analogues) - txo cov nqi khiav hauj lwm rau cov ntaub ntawv chaw zov me nyuam.
Qhov teeb meem ntawm HMSMR nkaus xwb yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev siv. Qhov tshaj plaws yog tias niaj hnub no tsis muaj kev khiav hauj lwm los yog daim ntawv thov tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov tsav no tawm ntawm lub thawv, uas yog vim li cas kev hloov pauv loj rau cov software pawg yuav tsum tau hloov kho IT infrastructure. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov kev txhawj xeeb no, ntawm chav kawm, OS nws tus kheej, uas nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov chaw zov me nyuam niaj hnub siv ntau cov tub ntxhais thiab ntau lub qhov (socket servers) yog ib txoj haujlwm tsis tseem ceeb. Koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov kev xaiv rau kev siv Host Managed SMR kev txhawb nqa ntawm ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb , mob siab rau cov teeb meem ntawm zonal cov ntaub ntawv cia. Cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg ntawm no yuav pab koj ntsuas qhov kev npaj ua ntej ntawm koj IT infrastructure rau kev hloov mus rau thaj chaw khaws cia.
- Tus tswv tsev paub SMR (Host Aware SMR)
Host Aware SMR-enabled devices muab qhov yooj yim thiab yoog raws ntawm Tsav Tswj SMR nrog kev sau ntawv siab ntawm Tus Tswv Tswj SMR. Cov tsav tsheb no rov qab sib xws nrog cov txheej txheem khaws cia qub txeeg qub teg thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ncaj qha los ntawm tus tswv tsev, tab sis qhov no, zoo li nrog DMSMR drives, lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo yuav ua tsis tau.
Zoo li Tus Thawj Tswj Tswj SMR, Tus Tswv Qhia Txog SMR siv ob hom ntawm thaj chaw: Cov Zos Pas rau kev sau ntawv tsis txaus thiab Cov Kev Sau Sequential Preferred Zones. Qhov tom kawg, sib piv rau Sequential Write Required Zones uas tau hais los saum no, tau txais kev tso tawm mus rau qeb ntawm ib txwm muaj yog tias lawv pib sau cov ntaub ntawv tawm ntawm kev txiav txim.
Tus tswv tsev-paub kev siv ntawm SMR muab cov txheej txheem sab hauv rau kev rov qab los ntawm kev sau ntawv tsis sib xws. Cov ntaub ntawv tawm ntawm kev txiav txim yog sau rau hauv thaj chaw cache, los ntawm qhov chaw disk tuaj yeem hloov cov ntaub ntawv mus rau qhov chaw sau ua ntu zus tom qab tau txais tag nrho cov blocks tsim nyog tau txais. Lub disk siv lub rooj indirection los tswj kev sau ntawv tawm ntawm kev txiav txim thiab tom qab defragmentation. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias daim ntawv thov kev lag luam xav tau kev kwv yees thiab kev ua tau zoo, qhov no tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav yog tias tus tswv tsev siv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntws thiab cov chaw kaw.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com