Ua ntej peb nkag mus rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm VLANs, Kuv xav kom koj txhua tus nres qhov kev yees duab no, nyem rau ntawm lub icon nyob rau sab laug ces kaum uas nws hais tias Networking kws pab tswv yim, mus rau peb nplooj Facebook thiab nyiam nws nyob ntawd. Tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau qhov vis dis aus thiab nyem rau ntawm tus huab tais icon nyob rau hauv qab sab xis ces kaum mus rau npe rau peb lub YouTube channel. Peb tab tom ntxiv cov yeeb yaj kiab tshiab tas li, tam sim no qhov kev txhawj xeeb ntawm CCNA chav kawm, tom qab ntawd peb npaj yuav pib kawm cov yeeb yaj kiab CCNA Security, Network+, PMP, ITIL, Prince2 thiab tshaj tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo ntawm peb cov channel.
Yog li, hnub no peb yuav tham txog cov hauv paus ntawm VLAN thiab teb 3 nqe lus nug: VLAN yog dab tsi, vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau VLAN thiab yuav ua li cas teeb tsa nws. Kuv vam tias tom qab saib cov yeeb yaj kiab no koj yuav tuaj yeem teb tag nrho peb cov lus nug.
VLAN yog dab tsi? VLAN yog lub npe luv rau virtual hauv cheeb tsam network. Tom qab hauv phau ntawv qhia no peb yuav saib vim li cas lub network no yog virtual, tab sis ua ntej peb tsiv mus rau VLANs, peb yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov hloov pauv ua haujlwm li cas. Peb yuav tshuaj xyuas qee cov lus nug uas peb tau tham hauv cov tshooj dhau los.
Ua ntej, cia peb tham txog dab tsi Multiple Collision Domain yog. Peb paub tias qhov hloov 48-chaw nres nkoj no muaj 48 qhov sib tsoo. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txhua qhov ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj no, lossis cov khoom siv txuas nrog cov chaw nres nkoj no, tuaj yeem sib txuas lus nrog lwm lub cuab yeej ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj sib txawv hauv kev ywj pheej yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ib leeg.
Tag nrho 48 qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm qhov hloov pauv no yog ib feem ntawm ib qho Kev Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yog tias ntau yam khoom siv txuas nrog ntau lub chaw nres nkoj thiab ib qho ntawm lawv tau tshaj tawm, nws yuav tshwm sim ntawm txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj uas cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv. Qhov no yog raws nraim li qhov hloov pauv ua haujlwm.
Nws zoo li cov neeg zaum hauv ib chav nyob ze ib leeg, thiab thaum ib tug ntawm lawv hais ib yam dab tsi nrov, txhua leej txhua tus yuav hnov. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo - ntau tus neeg tshwm sim hauv chav, lub suab nrov nws yuav dhau los thiab cov neeg tam sim no yuav tsis hnov ββββib leeg. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws tshwm sim nrog cov khoos phis tawj - cov khoom siv ntau dua txuas nrog ib lub network, qhov ntau dua qhov "nrov" ntawm kev tshaj tawm, uas tsis tso cai rau kev sib txuas lus zoo.
Peb paub tias yog tias ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv no txuas nrog 192.168.1.0/24 network, tag nrho lwm cov khoom siv yog ib feem ntawm tib lub network. Qhov hloov pauv yuav tsum tau txuas nrog lub network nrog tib tus IP chaw nyob. Tab sis ntawm no tus hloov, raws li OSI txheej 2 ntaus ntawv, tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem. Yog tias ob lub cuab yeej txuas nrog tib lub network, lawv tuaj yeem sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg lub computer yooj yim. Cia peb xav tias peb lub tuam txhab muaj ib tug "neeg phem", ib tug hacker, uas kuv yuav kos saum toj no. Hauv qab no yog kuv lub computer. Yog li, nws yooj yim heev rau tus neeg nyiag nkag mus rau hauv kuv lub computer vim tias peb cov khoos phis tawj yog ib feem ntawm tib lub network. Qhov ntawd yog qhov teeb meem.
Yog tias kuv koom nrog kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm thiab tus txiv neej tshiab no tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv kuv lub computer, nws yuav tsis zoo. Tau kawg, kuv lub computer muaj firewall uas tiv thaiv ntau yam kev hem thawj, tab sis nws yuav tsis nyuaj rau tus neeg nyiag nkas hla nws.
Qhov txaus ntshai thib ob uas muaj rau txhua tus neeg uas yog tus tswv cuab ntawm qhov tshaj tawm xov xwm no yog tias ib tus neeg muaj teeb meem nrog kev tshaj tawm, qhov cuam tshuam yuav cuam tshuam rau lwm yam khoom siv hauv lub network. Txawm hais tias tag nrho 48 cov chaw nres nkoj tuaj yeem txuas nrog cov tswv sib txawv, kev ua tsis tiav ntawm ib tus tswv tsev yuav cuam tshuam rau lwm tus 47, uas tsis yog qhov peb xav tau.
Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no peb siv lub tswv yim ntawm VLAN, lossis virtual hauv cheeb tsam network. Nws ua haujlwm yooj yim heev, faib qhov no loj 48-chaw nres nkoj hloov mus rau ntau lub keyboards me.
Peb paub tias subnets faib ib lub network loj rau hauv ob peb lub network me me, thiab VLANs ua haujlwm zoo ib yam. Nws faib 48-chaw nres nkoj hloov, piv txwv li, rau hauv 4 qhov hloov pauv ntawm 12 chaw nres nkoj, txhua qhov yog ib feem ntawm lub network txuas tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb tuaj yeem siv 12 qhov chaw nres nkoj rau kev tswj hwm, 12 qhov chaw nres nkoj rau IP xov tooj, thiab lwm yam, uas yog, faib qhov hloov pauv tsis yog lub cev, tab sis qhov laj thawj, zoo.
Kuv faib peb qhov chaw xiav xiav nyob rau sab saum toj hloov rau xiav VLAN10 network, thiab muab peb qhov chaw nres nkoj txiv kab ntxwv rau VLAN20. Yog li, ib qho kev khiav tsheb los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj xiav no tsuas yog mus rau lwm qhov chaw nres nkoj xiav, tsis cuam tshuam rau lwm qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm qhov hloov pauv no. Kev khiav tsheb los ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj txiv kab ntxwv yuav raug faib zoo ib yam, uas yog, nws zoo li peb siv ob lub cev sib txawv. Yog li, VLAN yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev faib cov hloov mus rau ntau lub keyboards rau ntau lub network.
Kuv kos ob lub keyboards nyob rau sab saum toj, ntawm no peb muaj qhov xwm txheej uas nyob rau sab laug tsuas yog xiav chaw nres nkoj rau ib lub network txuas nrog, thiab ntawm sab xis - tsuas yog cov chaw nres nkoj txiv kab ntxwv rau lwm lub network, thiab cov keyboards no tsis txuas rau ib leeg. .
Cia peb hais tias koj xav siv ntau qhov chaw nres nkoj. Cia peb xav txog tias peb muaj 2 lub tsev, txhua tus nrog nws tus kheej tswj cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab ob lub txiv kab ntxwv chaw nres nkoj ntawm qhov hloov qis yog siv rau kev tswj hwm. Yog li ntawd, peb xav tau cov chaw nres nkoj no txuas nrog tag nrho cov chaw nres nkoj txiv kab ntxwv ntawm lwm cov keyboards. Qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam nrog cov chaw nres nkoj xiav - tag nrho cov chaw nres nkoj xiav ntawm sab sauv hloov yuav tsum txuas nrog lwm cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm cov xim zoo sib xws. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb yuav tsum tau txuas lub cev ntawm ob lub hloov pauv hauv cov tsev sib txawv nrog cov kab sib txuas lus sib txawv; hauv daim duab, qhov no yog kab ntawm ob lub chaw nres nkoj ntsuab. Raws li peb paub, yog tias ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob txuas nrog lub cev, peb tsim lub nraub qaum, lossis lub cev.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov hloov pauv tsis tu ncua thiab VLAN? Nws tsis yog qhov sib txawv loj. Thaum koj yuav qhov hloov tshiab, los ntawm lub neej ntawd txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj tau teeb tsa hauv VLAN hom thiab yog ib feem ntawm tib lub network, xaiv VLAN1. Tias yog vim li cas thaum peb txuas ib lub cuab yeej rau ib qho chaw nres nkoj, nws xaus nrog rau tag nrho lwm cov chaw nres nkoj vim tias tag nrho 48 chaw nres nkoj yog tib yam VLAN1. Tab sis yog tias peb teeb tsa cov chaw nres nkoj xiav los ua haujlwm ntawm VLAN10 network, cov chaw nres nkoj txiv kab ntxwv ntawm VLAN20 network, thiab cov chaw nres nkoj ntsuab ntawm VLAN1, peb yuav tau txais 3 qhov sib txawv. Yog li, siv virtual network hom tso cai rau peb kom muaj txiaj ntsig pab pawg cov chaw nres nkoj rau hauv cov tes hauj lwm tshwj xeeb, faib kev tshaj tawm rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab tsim cov subnets. Hauv qhov no, txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm ib qho xim tshwj xeeb belongs rau ib lub network sib cais. Yog tias cov chaw nres nkoj xiav ua haujlwm ntawm 192.168.1.0 network thiab cov chaw nres nkoj txiv kab ntxwv ua haujlwm ntawm 192.168.1.0 network, tom qab ntawd txawm tias tib tus IP chaw nyob, lawv yuav tsis txuas rau ib leeg, vim tias lawv yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov keyboards sib txawv. Thiab raws li peb paub, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev hloov pauv tsis sib txuas lus tshwj tsis yog tias lawv tau txuas nrog kab sib txuas lus. Yog li peb tsim cov subnets sib txawv rau VLANs sib txawv.
Kuv xav kos koj cov xim rau qhov tseeb tias VLAN tswvyim tsuas yog siv rau cov keyboards xwb. Txhua tus paub txog encapsulation raws tu qauv xws li .1Q lossis ISL paub tias tsis muaj routers lossis computers muaj VLANs. Thaum koj txuas koj lub computer, piv txwv li, rau ib qho ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj xiav, koj tsis hloov dab tsi hauv lub computer, txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau theem ob OSI, qib hloov. Thaum peb teeb tsa cov chaw nres nkoj ua haujlwm nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb VLAN10 lossis VLAN20 network, qhov hloov pauv tsim VLAN database. Nws "cov ntaub ntawv" hauv nws lub cim xeeb uas cov chaw nres nkoj 1,3 thiab 5 yog VLAN10, cov chaw nres nkoj 14,15 thiab 18 yog ib feem ntawm VLAN20, thiab cov chaw nres nkoj tseem tshuav yog ib feem ntawm VLAN1. Yog li ntawd, yog tias qee qhov kev khiav tsheb los ntawm xiav chaw nres nkoj 1, nws tsuas yog mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj 3 thiab 5 ntawm tib VLAN10. Qhov hloov mus saib nws cov ntaub ntawv thiab pom tias yog tias tsheb khiav los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj txiv kab ntxwv, nws yuav tsum tsuas yog mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj txiv kab ntxwv ntawm VLAN20.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub computer tsis paub dab tsi txog cov VLANs no. Thaum peb txuas 2 lub keyboards, lub cev yog tsim ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj ntsuab. Lo lus "ntev" tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau Cisco cov khoom siv; lwm yam khoom siv network, xws li Juniper, siv lub sij hawm Tag chaw nres nkoj, lossis "tagged chaw nres nkoj". Kuv xav tias lub npe Tag chaw nres nkoj yog qhov tsim nyog dua. Thaum cov tsheb khiav los ntawm lub network no, lub cev xa mus rau txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm qhov hloov mus tom ntej, uas yog, peb txuas ob lub 48-chaw nres nkoj hloov thiab tau txais ib qho 96-chaw nres nkoj hloov. Tib lub sijhawm, thaum peb xa cov tsheb khiav los ntawm VLAN10, nws dhau los ua tagged, uas yog, nws tau muab nrog daim ntawv lo qhia tias nws yog npaj rau cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm VLAN10 network nkaus xwb. Qhov hloov thib ob, tau txais cov tsheb khiav no, nyeem cov ntawv cim npe thiab nkag siab tias qhov no yog kev khiav tsheb tshwj xeeb rau VLAN10 network thiab yuav tsum tsuas yog mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj xiav xwb. Ib yam li ntawd, "txiv kab ntxwv" tsheb khiav rau VLAN20 yog tagged los qhia tias nws yog destined rau VLAN20 chaw nres nkoj ntawm qhov hloov thib ob.
Peb kuj tau hais txog encapsulation thiab ntawm no muaj ob txoj hauv kev ntawm encapsulation. Thawj yog .1Q, uas yog, thaum peb npaj ib lub cev, peb yuav tsum muab encapsulation. .1Q encapsulation raws tu qauv yog ib qho qauv qhib uas piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem rau tagging tsheb. Muaj lwm txoj cai hu ua ISL, Inter-Switch link, tsim los ntawm Cisco, uas qhia tau hais tias kev khiav tsheb mus rau ib qho VLAN tshwj xeeb. Txhua qhov hloov tshiab niaj hnub ua haujlwm nrog .1Q raws tu qauv, yog li thaum koj siv lub hloov tshiab tawm ntawm lub thawv, koj tsis tas yuav siv cov lus txib encapsulation, vim hais tias los ntawm lub neej ntawd nws yog ua los ntawm .1Q raws tu qauv. Yog li, tom qab tsim lub pob tw, tsheb thauj mus los tau tshwm sim tuaj yeem, uas tso cai rau cov ntawv nyeem.
Tam sim no cia peb pib teeb tsa VLAN. Cia peb tsim lub network uas yuav muaj 2 qhov hloov pauv thiab ob qhov kawg khoom siv - khoos phis tawj PC1 thiab PC2, uas peb yuav txuas nrog cables hloov #0. Cia peb pib nrog cov kev teeb tsa yooj yim ntawm Basic Configuration hloov.
Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nyem rau ntawm qhov hloov pauv thiab mus rau qhov hais kom ua kab interface, thiab tom qab ntawd teeb tsa tus tswv lub npe, hu rau qhov hloov pauv no sw1. Tam sim no cia peb mus rau qhov chaw ntawm thawj lub khoos phis tawj thiab teeb tsa tus IP chaw nyob zoo li qub 192.168.1.1 thiab subnet mask 255.255. 255.0 Nws. Tsis tas yuav muaj qhov chaw nyob qhov rooj vim tias txhua yam peb cov khoom siv nyob hauv tib lub network. Tom ntej no, peb yuav ua tib yam rau lub computer thib ob, muab nws tus IP chaw nyob 192.168.1.2.
Tam sim no cia peb rov qab mus rau thawj lub computer kom ping lub computer thib ob. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, ping tau ua tiav vim tias ob lub khoos phis tawj no txuas nrog tib lub hloov pauv thiab yog ib feem ntawm tib lub network los ntawm lub neej ntawd VLAN1. Yog tias peb tam sim no saib ntawm qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv, peb yuav pom tias txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj FastEthernet ntawm 1 txog 24 thiab ob qhov chaw nres nkoj GigabitEthernet tau teeb tsa ntawm VLAN # 1. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj ntau dhau tsis xav tau, yog li peb mus rau hauv qhov hloov pauv thiab nkag mus rau cov lus qhia vlan kom saib cov virtual network database.
Koj pom ntawm no lub npe ntawm VLAN1 network thiab qhov tseeb tias txhua qhov chaw hloov pauv tau koom nrog lub network no. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem txuas mus rau ib qho chaw nres nkoj thiab lawv txhua tus tuaj yeem "sib tham" rau ib leeg vim lawv yog ib feem ntawm tib lub network.
Peb yuav hloov qhov xwm txheej no; ua qhov no, peb yuav xub tsim ob lub network virtual, uas yog, ntxiv VLAN10. Txhawm rau tsim lub network virtual, siv cov lus txib zoo li "vlan network naj npawb".
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, thaum sim tsim lub network, lub kaw lus tso tawm cov lus nrog cov npe ntawm VLAN teeb tsa cov lus txib uas yuav tsum tau siv rau qhov kev txiav txim no:
tawm - siv cov kev hloov pauv thiab tawm mus;
npe - nkag mus rau lub npe VLAN kev cai;
tsis yog - rho tawm cov lus txib los yog teeb tsa raws li lub neej ntawd.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ua ntej koj nkag mus rau tsim VLAN hais kom ua, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau lub npe hais kom ua, uas tig rau lub npe tswj hom, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau tsim lub network tshiab. Hauv qhov no, lub kaw lus ceeb toom tias tus lej VLAN tuaj yeem raug muab rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1 txog 1005.
Yog li tam sim no peb nkag mus rau cov lus txib los tsim VLAN tus lej 20 - vlan 20, thiab tom qab ntawd muab nws lub npe rau tus neeg siv, uas qhia tias nws yog lub network zoo li cas. Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej, peb siv lub npe Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm hais kom ua, lossis lub network rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tuam txhab.
Tam sim no peb yuav tsum muab qhov chaw nres nkoj tshwj xeeb rau VLAN no. Peb nkag mus rau qhov hloov chaw teeb tsa hom int f0/1, ces manually hloov chaw nres nkoj mus rau hom kev nkag mus siv lub switchport hom nkag mus hais kom ua thiab qhia tias qhov chaw nres nkoj yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau hom no - qhov no yog qhov chaw nres nkoj rau VLAN10 network.
Peb pom tias tom qab no cov xim ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm PC0 thiab qhov hloov, xim ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj, hloov ntawm ntsuab mus rau txiv kab ntxwv. Nws yuav tig ntsuab dua sai li sai tau thaum cov kev hloov pauv pib siv. Wb sim ping lub computer thib ob. Peb tsis tau hloov pauv rau lub network teeb tsa rau cov khoos phis tawj, lawv tseem muaj IP chaw nyob ntawm 192.168.1.1 thiab 192.168.1.2. Tab sis yog tias peb sim ping PC0 los ntawm lub computer PC1, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav ua haujlwm, vim tias tam sim no cov khoos phis tawj no koom nrog lwm lub network: thawj rau VLAN10, qhov thib ob rau haiv neeg VLAN1.
Cia peb rov qab mus rau qhov hloov pauv interface thiab teeb tsa qhov chaw nres nkoj thib ob. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, kuv mam li muab cov lus txib int f0/2 thiab rov ua cov kauj ruam tib yam rau VLAN 20 raws li kuv tau ua thaum teeb tsa lub network virtual yav dhau los.
Peb pom tias tam sim no qhov chaw nres nkoj qis ntawm qhov hloov pauv, uas lub khoos phis tawj thib ob txuas nrog, kuj tau hloov nws cov xim los ntawm ntsuab mus rau txiv kab ntxwv - ob peb vib nas this yuav tsum dhau ua ntej cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov chaw yuav siv tau thiab nws rov ntsuab dua. Yog tias peb pib pinging lub khoos phis tawj thib ob dua, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav ua haujlwm, vim tias cov khoos phis tawj tseem koom nrog lwm lub network, tsuas yog PC1 tam sim no yog ib feem ntawm VLAN1, tsis yog VLAN20.
Yog li, koj tau faib ib lub cev hloov mus rau hauv ob qhov sib txawv logical keyboards. Koj pom tias tam sim no qhov chaw nres nkoj xim tau hloov pauv ntawm txiv kab ntxwv mus rau ntsuab, qhov chaw nres nkoj ua haujlwm, tab sis tseem tsis teb vim nws koom nrog lwm lub network.
Cia peb hloov peb lub voj voog - disconnect computer PC1 los ntawm thawj qhov kev hloov thiab txuas mus rau qhov thib ob hloov, thiab txuas cov keyboards lawv tus kheej nrog ib tug cable.
Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm lawv, kuv yuav mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov hloov thib ob thiab tsim VLAN10, muab nws lub npe Management, uas yog, kev tswj hwm network. Tom qab ntawd kuv mam li qhib hom Access thiab qhia tias hom no yog rau VLAN10. Tam sim no cov xim ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj los ntawm cov keyboards txuas nrog tau hloov ntawm txiv kab ntxwv mus rau ntsuab vim tias lawv tau teeb tsa ntawm VLAN10. Tam sim no peb yuav tsum tsim ib lub cev ntawm ob lub keyboards. Ob qho ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj no yog Fa0/2, yog li koj yuav tsum tsim lub cev rau Fa0/2 chaw nres nkoj ntawm thawj qhov kev hloov uas siv lub tshuab hloov pauv hom lus txib. Tib yam yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov hloov thib ob, tom qab uas lub cev tau tsim ntawm ob qhov chaw nres nkoj no.
Tam sim no, yog tias kuv xav ping PC1 los ntawm thawj lub khoos phis tawj, txhua yam yuav ua haujlwm, vim tias kev sib txuas ntawm PC0 thiab hloov #0 yog VLAN10 network, ntawm kev hloov # 1 thiab PC1 kuj yog VLAN10, thiab ob lub keyboards txuas nrog lub cev. .
Yog li, yog tias cov khoom siv nyob rau ntawm VLANs sib txawv, ces lawv tsis txuas nrog ib leeg, tab sis yog tias lawv nyob hauv tib lub network, kev khiav tsheb tuaj yeem sib pauv dawb ntawm lawv. Cia peb sim ntxiv ib qho khoom siv ntxiv rau txhua qhov hloov pauv.
Hauv kev teeb tsa network ntawm lub khoos phis tawj ntxiv PC2, kuv yuav teeb tus IP chaw nyob rau 192.168.2.1, thiab hauv qhov chaw ntawm PC3, qhov chaw nyob yuav yog 192.168.2.2. Hauv qhov no, cov chaw nres nkoj uas ob lub PC txuas nrog yuav raug xaiv Fa0/3. Hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm kev hloov # 0 peb yuav teeb lub Access hom thiab qhia tias qhov chaw nres nkoj no yog npaj rau VLAN20, thiab peb yuav ua tib yam rau kev hloov # 1.
Yog tias kuv siv switchport access vlan 20 hais kom ua, thiab VLAN20 tseem tsis tau tsim, lub kaw lus yuav pom qhov yuam kev xws li "Access VLAN tsis muaj" vim tias cov keyboards tau teeb tsa ua haujlwm nrog VLAN10 nkaus xwb.
Wb tsim VLAN20. Kuv siv cov lus txib "show VLAN" los saib cov ntaub ntawv virtual network.
Koj tuaj yeem pom tias lub neej ntawd network yog VLAN1, uas cov chaw nres nkoj Fa0/4 rau Fa0/24 thiab Gig0/1, Gig0/2 txuas nrog. VLAN tooj 10, lub npe hu ua Management, txuas nrog rau chaw nres nkoj Fa0/1, thiab VLAN tus naj npawb 20, npe VLAN0020 los ntawm lub neej ntawd, txuas nrog rau chaw nres nkoj Fa0/3.
Nyob rau hauv txoj cai, lub npe ntawm lub network tsis muaj teeb meem, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias nws tsis rov ua dua rau cov network sib txawv. Yog tias kuv xav hloov lub npe network uas lub kaw lus muab los ntawm lub neej ntawd, kuv siv cov lus txib vlan 20 thiab npe Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm. Kuv tuaj yeem hloov lub npe no mus rau lwm yam, xws li IPphones, thiab yog tias peb ping tus IP chaw nyob 192.168.2.2, peb tuaj yeem pom tias lub npe VLAN tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus.
Qhov kawg kuv xav hais txog yog lub hom phiaj ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas IP, uas peb tau tham txog hauv zaj lus qhia kawg. Txhawm rau ua qhov no peb siv int vlan1 hais kom ua thiab nkag mus rau IP chaw nyob 10.1.1.1 thiab subnet npog 255.255.255.0 thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv qhov tsis muaj kev kaw lus. Peb muab Kev Tswj Xyuas IP tsis yog rau tag nrho cov hloov pauv, tab sis tsuas yog rau VLAN1 cov chaw nres nkoj, uas yog, peb tau muab tus IP chaw nyob uas VLAN1 network tswj hwm. Yog tias peb xav tswj hwm VLAN2, peb yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo rau VLAN2. Nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, muaj xiav VLAN10 chaw nres nkoj thiab txiv kab ntxwv VLAN20 chaw nres nkoj, uas sib xws rau qhov chaw nyob 192.168.1.0 thiab 192.168.2.0.
VLAN10 yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw nyob hauv tib qhov ntau kom cov khoom siv tsim nyog tuaj yeem txuas rau nws. Ib qhov chaw zoo sib xws yuav tsum tau ua rau VLAN20.
Qhov kev hloov pauv kab hais kom ua qhov rai qhia qhov teeb tsa interface rau VLAN1, uas yog, haiv neeg VLAN.
Txhawm rau teeb tsa Kev Tswj Xyuas IP rau VLAN10, peb yuav tsum tsim qhov interface int vlan 10, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv IP chaw nyob 192.168.1.10 thiab subnet npog 255.255.255.0.
Txhawm rau teeb tsa VLAN20, peb yuav tsum tsim qhov interface int vlan 20, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv IP chaw nyob 192.168.2.10 thiab subnet npog 255.255.255.0.
Vim li cas qhov no tsim nyog? Yog tias lub khoos phis tawj PC0 thiab qhov chaw nres nkoj sab laug ntawm qhov hloov pauv #0 yog rau 192.168.1.0 network, PC2 yog nyob rau 192.168.2.0 network thiab txuas nrog lub chaw nres nkoj VLAN1, uas yog rau 10.1.1.1 network, ces PC0 tsis tuaj yeem tsim. kev sib txuas lus nrog qhov kev hloov no ntawm tus txheej txheem SSH vim tias lawv koom nrog lwm lub network. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom PC0 sib txuas lus nrog kev hloov ntawm SSH lossis Telnet, peb yuav tsum tso cai rau nws nkag mus. Qhov no yog vim li cas peb xav tau kev tswj xyuas network.
Peb yuav tsum tuaj yeem khi PC0 siv SSH lossis Telnet rau VLAN20 interface IP chaw nyob thiab hloov pauv peb xav tau ntawm SSH. Yog li, Kev Tswj Xyuas IP yog qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb rau kev teeb tsa VLANs, vim tias txhua lub network virtual yuav tsum muaj nws tus kheej nkag mus tswj.
Hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab niaj hnub no, peb tau tham txog ntau yam teeb meem: kev hloov pauv yooj yim, tsim VLANs, muab VLAN cov chaw nres nkoj, muab Kev Tswj Xyuas IP rau VLANs, thiab teeb tsa lub cev. Tsis txhob txaj muag yog tias koj tsis nkag siab ib yam dab tsi, qhov no yog qhov ntuj tsim, vim tias VLAN yog ib lub ntsiab lus nyuaj thiab dav uas peb yuav rov qab mus rau yav tom ntej. Kuv lav tias nrog kuv kev pab koj tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus tswv VLAN, tab sis lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj lus qhia no yog los qhia 3 lo lus nug rau koj: VLANs yog dab tsi, vim li cas peb xav tau lawv thiab yuav teeb tsa lawv li cas.
Ua tsaug uas koj nyob nrog peb. Koj puas nyiam peb cov ntawv? Xav pom cov ntsiab lus nthuav ntxiv? Txhawb nqa peb los ntawm kev tso ib qho kev txiav txim lossis qhia rau cov phooj ywg, 30% luv nqi rau cov neeg siv Habr ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb analogue ntawm nkag-theem servers, uas tau tsim los ntawm peb rau koj: (muaj nrog RAID1 thiab RAID10, mus txog 24 cores thiab mus txog 40GB DDR4).
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