Lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj lus qhia niaj hnub no yog RIP, lossis kev qhia cov ntaub ntawv raws tu qauv. Peb yuav tham txog ntau yam ntawm nws cov kev siv, nws configuration thiab kev txwv. Raws li kuv tau hais, RIP tsis yog ib feem ntawm Cisco 200-125 CCNA cov ntaub ntawv kawm, tab sis kuv tau txiav txim siab muab cov lus qhia cais rau cov txheej txheem no vim RIP yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb.
Niaj hnub no peb yuav saib 3 yam: nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm thiab teeb tsa RIP hauv routers, RIP timers, RIP txwv. Cov txheej txheem no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1969, yog li nws yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas lus qub tshaj plaws. Nws qhov zoo nyob hauv nws qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Niaj hnub no, ntau yam khoom siv hauv network, suav nrog Cisco, txuas ntxiv txhawb RIP vim tias nws tsis yog tus tswv raws li EIGRP, tab sis yog pej xeem raws tu qauv.
Muaj 2 versions ntawm RIP. Thawj, classic version, tsis txhawb VLSM - qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev subnet daim npog qhov ncauj uas tsis muaj IP chaw nyob raws li, yog li peb tsuas siv tau ib lub network xwb. Kuv mam li tham txog qhov no me ntsis tom qab. Qhov no version kuj tsis txhawb authentication.
Cia peb hais tias koj muaj 2 routers txuas rau ib leeg. Hauv qhov no, thawj tus router qhia nws cov neeg nyob ze txhua yam nws paub. Cia peb hais tias network 10 txuas nrog thawj router, network 20 nyob nruab nrab ntawm thawj thiab thib ob router, thiab network 30 yog qab lub router thib ob. Ces thawj router qhia tus thib ob tias nws paub networks 10 thiab 20, thiab router 2 qhia. router 1 uas nws paub txog network 30 thiab network 20.
Cov txheej txheem routing qhia tias ob lub network no yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau lub rooj sib tham. Feem ntau, nws hloov tawm tias ib lub router qhia tus neeg nyob sib ze router txog cov tes hauj lwm txuas nrog nws, uas qhia nws cov neeg nyob ze, thiab lwm yam. Yooj yim muab tso, RIP yog cov lus hais lus xaiv uas tso cai rau cov neeg nyob sib ze sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv rau ib leeg, nrog rau txhua tus neeg nyob ze tsis muaj kev ntseeg ntseeg qhov lawv tau hais. Txhua lub router "mloog" rau kev hloov pauv hauv lub network thiab qhia lawv nrog nws cov neeg nyob ze.
Qhov tsis muaj kev lees paub kev lees paub txhais tau tias txhua lub router uas txuas nrog lub network tam sim ntawd dhau los ua tus neeg koom nrog tag nrho. Yog tias kuv xav coj mus rau hauv lub network, kuv yuav txuas kuv lub router hacker nrog kev hloov pauv tsis zoo rau nws, thiab txij li tag nrho lwm tus routers ntseeg nws, lawv yuav hloov kho lawv cov rooj sib tham raws li kuv xav tau. Thawj version ntawm RIP tsis muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv xws li hacking.
Hauv RIPv2, koj tuaj yeem muab kev lees paub los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub router raws li. Hauv qhov no, kev hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm routers tsuas yog ua tau tom qab dhau lub network authentication los ntawm kev nkag mus rau tus password.
RIPv1 siv kev tshaj tawm xov xwm, uas yog, txhua qhov hloov tshiab raug xa mus siv cov xov xwm tshaj tawm kom lawv tau txais los ntawm txhua tus neeg koom tes hauv network. Cia peb hais tias muaj lub khoos phis tawj txuas nrog thawj lub router uas tsis paub dab tsi txog cov kev hloov tshiab no vim tias tsuas yog cov khoom siv routing xav tau lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, router 1 yuav xa cov lus no rau txhua yam khoom siv uas muaj Broadcast ID, uas yog, txawm tias cov neeg tsis xav tau.
Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob version ntawm RIP, qhov teeb meem no yog daws - nws siv Multicast ID, los yog multicast kis tau tus mob. Hauv qhov no, tsuas yog cov khoom siv uas tau teev tseg hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem tau txais kev hloov kho tshiab. Ntxiv rau qhov kev lees paub, qhov RIP version no txhawb VLSM tsis muaj npe IP chaw nyob. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yog 10.1.1.1/24 network txuas nrog thawj router, ces txhua lub network pab kiag li lawm uas nws tus IP chaw nyob yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov subnet no kuj tau txais kev hloov tshiab. Qhov thib ob version ntawm tus txheej txheem txhawb nqa txoj kev CIDR, uas yog, thaum lub router thib ob tau txais kev hloov tshiab, nws paub tias lub network tshwj xeeb lossis txoj kev nws txhawj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm thawj version, yog tias network 10.1.1.0 txuas nrog lub router, ces cov khoom siv hauv network 10.0.0.0 thiab lwm cov tes hauj lwm uas koom nrog tib chav kawm kuj yuav tau txais kev hloov tshiab. Hauv qhov no, router 2 tseem yuav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho txog kev hloov tshiab ntawm cov tes hauj lwm no, tab sis tsis muaj CIDR nws yuav tsis paub tias cov ntaub ntawv no cuam tshuam nrog subnet nrog chav kawm A IP chaw nyob.
Qhov no yog dab tsi RIP yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus dav dav. Tam sim no cia saib yuav ua li cas nws tuaj yeem teeb tsa. Koj yuav tsum mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb configuration hom ntawm router chaw thiab siv Router RIP hais kom ua.
Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav pom tias cov kab hais kom ua tau hloov pauv mus rau R1 (config-router) # vim tias peb tau tsiv mus rau qib lus txib ntawm router. Cov lus txib thib ob yuav yog Version 2, uas yog, peb qhia rau lub router tias nws yuav tsum siv version 2 ntawm cov txheej txheem. Tom ntej no, peb yuav tsum nkag mus rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov chaw tshaj tawm hauv lub network tshaj qhov kev hloov kho tshiab yuav tsum raug xa mus siv network XXXX hais kom ua. Qhov kev hais kom ua no muaj 2 txoj haujlwm: ua ntej, nws qhia meej tias lub network twg yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm, thiab qhov thib ob, qhov kev sib txuas yuav tsum tau siv. rau qhov no. Koj yuav pom qhov kuv txhais tau li cas thaum koj saib ntawm lub network teeb tsa.
Ntawm no peb muaj 4 routers thiab lub khoos phis tawj txuas nrog qhov hloov ntawm lub network nrog tus cim 192.168.1.0/26, uas tau muab faib ua 4 subnets. Peb tsuas yog siv 3 subnets: 192.168.1.0/26, 192.168.1.64/26 thiab 192.168.1.128/26. Peb tseem muaj lub subnet 192.168.1.192/26, tab sis nws tsis siv vim nws tsis xav tau.
Cov chaw nres nkoj ntaus ntawv muaj IP chaw nyob hauv qab no: lub computer 192.168.1.10, thawj qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm thawj router 192.168.1.1, qhov chaw nres nkoj thib ob 192.168.1.65, thawj qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm lub router thib ob 192.168.1.66, qhov chaw nres nkoj thib ob ntawm lub router thib ob 192.168.1.129. thawj qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm peb lub router 192.168.1.130. 1 . Lub sijhawm dhau los peb tau tham txog cov rooj sib tham, yog li kuv tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li lub rooj sib tham thiab muab qhov chaw nyob .1 mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj thib ob ntawm lub router, vim .XNUMX tsis yog ib feem ntawm lub network no.
Tom ntej no, kuv siv lwm qhov chaw nyob, vim peb pib lwm lub network - 10.1.1.0/16, yog li qhov chaw nres nkoj thib ob ntawm lub router thib ob, uas lub network txuas nrog, muaj qhov chaw nyob IP ntawm 10.1.1.1, thiab qhov chaw nres nkoj plaub. router, uas qhov hloov pauv txuas nrog - chaw nyob 10.1.1.2.
Txhawm rau teeb tsa lub network kuv tsim, kuv yuav tsum muab IP chaw nyob rau cov khoom siv. Cia peb pib nrog thawj qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm thawj router.
Ua ntej, peb yuav tsim tus tswv lub npe R1, muab qhov chaw nyob 0 rau qhov chaw nres nkoj f0/192.168.1.1 thiab qhia meej lub ntsej muag subnet 255.255.255.192, txij li peb muaj /26 network. Wb ua kom tiav qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm R1 nrog qhov tsis muaj kaw lus txib. Qhov chaw nres nkoj thib ob ntawm thawj tus router f0/1 yuav tau txais IP chaw nyob ntawm 192.168.1.65 thiab subnet npog ntawm 255.255.255.192.
Lub router thib ob yuav tau txais lub npe R2, peb yuav muab qhov chaw nyob 0 thiab subnet npog 0 rau thawj qhov chaw nres nkoj f192.168.1.66/255.255.255.192, qhov chaw nyob 0 thiab subnet mask 1 / thib ob 192.168.1.129.
Txav mus rau lub router thib peb, peb yuav muab nws lub npe hostname R3, chaw nres nkoj f0/0 yuav tau txais qhov chaw nyob 192.168.1.130 thiab lub npog ntsej muag 255.255.255.192, thiab chaw nres nkoj f0/1 yuav tau txais qhov chaw nyob 10.1.1.1 thiab lub npog ntsej muag 255.255.0.0. 16, vim qhov no network yog /XNUMX.
Thaum kawg, kuv yuav mus rau lub router kawg, npe nws R4, thiab muab chaw nres nkoj f0/0 qhov chaw nyob ntawm 10.1.1.2 thiab daim npog qhov ncauj ntawm 255.255.0.0. Yog li, peb tau teeb tsa tag nrho cov khoom siv network.
Thaum kawg, cia peb saib ntawm lub khoos phis tawj lub network teeb tsa - nws muaj qhov chaw nyob IP zoo li qub ntawm 192.168.1.10, ib nrab-net npog ntawm 255.255.255.192, thiab qhov chaw nyob qhov chaw nyob ntawm 192.168.1.1.
Yog li, koj tau pom yuav ua li cas teeb tsa lub ntsej muag subnet rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov subnets sib txawv, nws yooj yim heev. Tam sim no cia peb qhib routing. Kuv mus rau hauv R1 nqis, teeb tsa hom kev teeb tsa thoob ntiaj teb thiab ntaus cov lus txib router. Tom qab ntawd, lub kaw lus muab cov lus qhia rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo rau cov lus txib no: bgp, eigrp, ospf thiab rip. Txij li thaum peb cov lus qhia yog hais txog RIP, kuv siv lub router rip hais kom ua.
Yog tias koj ntaus cov lus nug, lub kaw lus yuav muab cov lus qhia tshiab rau cov lus txib hauv qab no nrog cov kev xaiv ua tau rau cov haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem no: pib-txheej txheem - tsis siv neeg summarization ntawm txoj kev, default-information - tswj kev nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv default, network - network, sijhawm, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov ntaub ntawv uas peb yuav pauv nrog cov khoom nyob sib ze. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog version, yog li peb yuav pib los ntawm kev nkag mus rau version 2 hais kom ua. Tom ntej no peb yuav tsum siv lub network tseem ceeb hais kom ua, uas tsim ib txoj hauv kev rau IP network teev.
Peb yuav txuas ntxiv teeb tsa Router1 tom qab, tab sis tam sim no kuv xav txav mus rau Router 3. Ua ntej kuv siv lub network hais kom ua ntawm nws, cia saib sab xis ntawm peb lub network topology. Qhov chaw nres nkoj thib ob ntawm lub router muaj qhov chaw nyob 10.1.1.1. RIP ua haujlwm li cas? Txawm tias nyob rau hauv nws thib ob version, RIP, raws li ib tug ncaj ncees raws tu qauv, tseem siv nws tus kheej network chav kawm ntawv. Yog li ntawd, txawm tias peb lub network 10.1.1.0/16 belongs rau chav kawm A, peb yuav tsum qhia tag nrho cov chav kawm version ntawm tus IP chaw nyob siv lub network 10.0.0.0 hais kom ua.
Tab sis txawm hais tias kuv ntaus qhov hais kom ua network 10.1.1.1 thiab tom qab ntawd saib cov kev teeb tsa tam sim no, kuv yuav pom tias lub kaw lus tau kho 10.1.1.1 txog 10.0.0.0, tau siv tag nrho-chav kawm chaw nyob hom. Yog li yog tias koj tuaj hla ib lo lus nug txog RIP ntawm qhov kev xeem CCNA, koj yuav tau siv qhov chaw nyob puv. Yog tias tsis yog 10.0.0.0 koj ntaus 10.1.1.1 lossis 10.1.0.0, koj yuav ua yuam kev. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias qhov hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe tag nrho tshwm sim, kuv qhia koj kom pib siv qhov chaw nyob kom tsis txhob tos kom txog thaum lub kaw lus kho qhov yuam kev. Nco ntsoov - RIP ib txwm siv tag nrho-chav kawm network chaw nyob.
Tom qab koj tau siv lub network 10.0.0.0 hais kom ua, tus thib peb router yuav ntxig qhov thib kaum network rau hauv cov txheej txheem routing thiab xa cov hloov tshiab raws R3-R4 txoj kev. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa txoj cai routing ntawm plaub router. Kuv mus rau hauv nws qhov chaw thiab nkag mus rau cov lus txib router rip, version 2 thiab network 10.0.0.0. Nrog rau cov lus txib no kuv thov R4 pib tshaj tawm lub network 10. siv RIP routing raws tu qauv.
Tam sim no ob lub routers tuaj yeem pauv cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis nws yuav tsis hloov dab tsi. Siv cov qhia ip txoj kev hais kom ua qhia tau hais tias FastEthernrt chaw nres nkoj 0/0 yog ncaj qha txuas rau network 10.1.0.0. Lub router thib plaub, tau txais kev tshaj tawm xov xwm los ntawm lub router thib peb, yuav hais tias: "Zoo, phooj ywg, kuv tau txais koj cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm kaum lub network, tab sis kuv twb paub txog nws, vim kuv tau txuas ncaj qha rau lub network no."
Yog li ntawd, peb yuav rov qab mus rau R3 nqis thiab ntxig rau lwm lub network nrog lub network 192.168.1.0 hais kom ua. Kuv rov siv daim ntawv qhia tag nrho-chav kawm. Tom qab no, tus thib peb router yuav muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm 192.168.1.128 network raws txoj kev R3-R4. Raws li kuv twb tau hais lawm, RIP yog "lus xaiv" uas qhia tag nrho nws cov neeg zej zog txog kev sib koom tes tshiab, xa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm nws lub rooj sib tham rau lawv. Yog tias koj tam sim no saib ntawm lub rooj ntawm lub router thib peb, koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ob lub network txuas nrog nws.
Nws yuav xa cov ntaub ntawv no mus rau ob qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev mus rau ob lub routers thib ob thiab plaub. Cia peb mus rau qhov chaw R2. Kuv nkag mus rau tib cov lus txib router rip, version 2 thiab network 192.168.1.0, thiab qhov no yog qhov uas txhua yam pib nthuav. Kuv qhia meej network 1.0, tab sis nws yog ob lub network 192.168.1.64/26 thiab network 192.168.1.128/26. Yog li ntawd, thaum kuv qhia txog lub network 192.168.1.0, kuv yog technically muab routing rau ob qho tib si interfaces ntawm no router. Qhov yooj yim yog tias tsuas yog ib qho lus txib koj tuaj yeem teem caij rau txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm lub cuab yeej.
Kuv qhia meej tib qhov tsis sib xws rau router R1 thiab muab routing rau ob qho tib si interfaces tib yam. Yog tias koj tam sim no saib R1's routing table, koj tuaj yeem pom txhua lub network.
Lub router no paub txog ob lub network 1.0 thiab network 1.64. Nws kuj paub txog kev tes hauj lwm 1.128 thiab 10.1.1.0 vim nws siv RIP. Qhov no yog qhia los ntawm R header nyob rau hauv kab sib txuas ntawm cov lus routing.
Thov ua tib zoo mloog rau cov ntaub ntawv [120/2] - qhov no yog qhov kev tswj xyuas deb, uas yog, kev ntseeg siab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv routing. Tus nqi no tuaj yeem loj dua lossis me dua, tab sis lub neej ntawd rau RIP yog 120. Piv txwv li, txoj kev zoo li qub muaj kev tswj xyuas kev ncua deb ntawm 1. Qhov qis dua qhov kev tswj xyuas qhov deb, qhov kev ntseeg tau ntau dua. Yog hais tias lub router muaj lub sijhawm los xaiv ntawm ob txoj cai, piv txwv li ntawm txoj kev zoo li qub thiab RIP, ces nws yuav xaiv xa mus rau kev khiav tsheb hla txoj kev zoo li qub. Tus nqi thib ob hauv kab lus, / 2, yog qhov ntsuas. Hauv RIP raws tu qauv, metric txhais tau tias muaj pes tsawg tus hops. Hauv qhov no, network 10.0.0.0/8 tuaj yeem ncav cuag hauv 2 hops, uas yog, router R1 yuav tsum xa cov tsheb khiav hauv lub network 192.168.1.64/26, qhov no yog thawj lub hop, thiab dhau lub network 192.168.1.128/26, qhov no yog qhov thib ob hop, kom tau mus rau network 10.0.0.0/8 ntawm ib lub cuab yeej nrog FastEthernet 0/1 interface nrog IP chaw nyob 192.168.1.66.
Rau kev sib piv, router R1 tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub network 192.168.1.128 nrog kev tswj hwm qhov deb ntawm 120 hauv 1 hop los ntawm kev sib txuas 192.168.1.66.
Tam sim no, yog tias koj sim ping lub interface ntawm router R0 nrog IP chaw nyob 4 los ntawm lub computer PC10.1.1.2, nws yuav ua tiav rov qab.
Thawj qhov kev sim ua tsis tiav nrog Cov Lus Thov ncua sijhawm, vim tias thaum siv ARP thawj pob ntawv ploj lawm, tab sis lwm qhov peb tau ua tiav rov qab rau tus neeg txais. Qhov no muab kev sib txuas lus point-to-point ntawm lub network siv RIP routing raws tu qauv.
Yog li, txhawm rau qhib kev siv RIP raws tu qauv los ntawm router, koj yuav tsum tau ua raws cov lus txib router rip, version 2 thiab network <network number / network identifier in full-class form>.
Cia peb mus rau R4 nqis thiab nkag mus rau qhov qhia ip txoj kev hais kom ua. Koj tuaj yeem pom tias lub network 10. txuas ncaj qha rau lub router, thiab lub network 192.168.1.0/24 nkag tau los ntawm chaw nres nkoj f0/0 nrog IP chaw nyob 10.1.1.1 ntawm RIP.
Yog tias koj them sai sai rau qhov pom ntawm 192.168.1.0/24 network, koj yuav pom tias muaj teeb meem nrog nws pib-summarization ntawm txoj kev. Yog tias nws pib-summarization qhib, RIP yuav sau tag nrho cov tes hauj lwm mus txog 192.168.1.0/24. Wb saib dab tsi timers yog. RIP raws tu qauv muaj 4 lub sijhawm tseem ceeb.
Lub sijhawm hloov tshiab yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov zaus ntawm kev xa cov hloov tshiab, xa cov txheej txheem hloov tshiab txhua 30 vib nas this rau txhua qhov cuam tshuam koom nrog RIP routing. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws yuav siv lub rooj routing thiab faib nws mus rau txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj ua haujlwm hauv RIP hom.
Cia peb xav txog tias peb muaj router 1, uas txuas nrog router 2 los ntawm network N2. Ua ntej thawj zaug thiab tom qab lub router thib ob muaj cov tes hauj lwm N1 thiab N3. Router 1 qhia Router 2 tias nws paub lub network N1 thiab N2 thiab xa nws hloov tshiab. Router 2 qhia Router 1 tias nws paub network N2 thiab N3. Hauv qhov no, txhua 30 vib nas this lub router chaw nres nkoj pauv cov rooj sib tham.
Cia peb xav txog tias vim li cas qhov kev sib txuas N1-R1 tau tawg thiab router 1 tsis tuaj yeem sib txuas lus nrog N1 network. Tom qab no, thawj router yuav xa cov hloov tshiab tsuas yog hais txog N2 network rau lub router thib ob. Router 2, tau txais thawj qhov hloov tshiab, yuav xav tias: "zoo heev, tam sim no kuv yuav tsum muab lub network N1 tso rau hauv lub sijhawm tsis raug," tom qab ntawd nws yuav pib lub sijhawm tsis raug. Rau 180 vib nas this nws yuav tsis pauv N1 network hloov tshiab nrog leej twg, tab sis tom qab lub sij hawm no nws yuav tso tseg lub sij hawm tsis siv thiab pib hloov tshiab Timer dua. Yog tias thaum lub sijhawm 180 vib nas this nws tsis tau txais kev hloov kho tshiab rau lub xeev ntawm N1 network, nws yuav muab tso rau hauv lub sijhawm tuav lub sijhawm ntev 180 vib nas this, uas yog, Hold Down timer pib tam sim ntawd tom qab lub sijhawm tsis raug xaus.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lwm, plaub Flush timer tab tom khiav, uas pib ib txhij nrog lub sijhawm tsis raug. Lub sijhawm no txiav txim siab lub sijhawm ncua ntawm qhov tau txais qhov hloov tshiab ib txwm dhau los txog lub network N1 kom txog thaum lub network raug tshem tawm ntawm lub rooj sib tham. Yog li, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm no mus txog 240 vib nas this, network N1 yuav cia li raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub routing rooj ntawm lub thib ob router.
Yog li, Hloov Timer xa tawm qhov hloov tshiab txhua 30 vib nas this. Invalid Timer, uas khiav txhua txhua 180 vib nas this, tos kom txog thaum qhov hloov tshiab tshiab mus txog lub router. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj txog, nws muab lub network ntawd tso rau hauv lub xeev tuav, nrog lub sijhawm tuav tuav txhua 180 vib nas this. Tab sis qhov tsis raug thiab Flush timers pib ib txhij, yog li ntawd 240 vib nas this tom qab Flush pib, lub network uas tsis tau hais hauv qhov hloov tshiab yog cais tawm ntawm lub rooj sib tham. Lub sijhawm ntawm cov timers no tau teeb tsa los ntawm lub neej ntawd thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Qhov ntawd yog dab tsi RIP timers yog.
Tam sim no cia peb txav mus los xav txog cov kev txwv ntawm RIP raws tu qauv, muaj ob peb ntawm lawv. Ib qho ntawm cov kev txwv tseem ceeb yog auto-summing.
Cia peb rov qab mus rau peb lub network 192.168.1.0/24. Router 3 qhia Router 4 txog tag nrho 1.0 network, uas tau qhia los ntawm /24. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tag nrho 256 IP chaw nyob ntawm lub network no, suav nrog lub network ID thiab chaw nyob tshaj tawm, muaj, lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv nrog txhua tus IP chaw nyob hauv qhov no yuav raug xa mus los ntawm 10.1.1.1 network. Cia peb saib ntawm lub rooj routing R3.
Peb pom network 192.168.1.0/26, muab faib ua 3 subnets. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus router tsuas paub txog peb qhov chaw nyob IP: 192.168.1.0, 192.168.1.64 thiab 192.168.1.128, uas zwm rau /26 network. Tab sis nws tsis paub dab tsi, piv txwv li, hais txog cov khoom siv nrog IP chaw nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 192.168.1.192 txog 192.168.1.225.
Txawm li cas los xij, rau qee yam, R4 xav tias nws paub txhua yam txog kev khiav tsheb uas R3 xa mus rau nws, uas yog, tag nrho cov chaw nyob IP ntawm 192.168.1.0/24 network, uas yog qhov tsis tseeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, routers yuav pib tso tsheb khiav vim tias lawv "dag" ib leeg - tom qab tag nrho, router 3 tsis muaj cai qhia plaub tus router tias nws paub txhua yam txog cov subnets ntawm lub network no. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov teeb meem hu ua "auto-summing". Nws tshwm sim thaum tsheb khiav hla ntau lub network loj sib txawv. Piv txwv li, hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, lub network nrog chav kawm C chaw nyob txuas nrog R3 router mus rau lub network nrog chav kawm A chaw nyob.
R3 router txiav txim siab cov tes hauj lwm no zoo ib yam thiab cia li sau tag nrho cov kev mus rau hauv ib qho chaw nyob network 192.168.1.0. Cia peb nco ntsoov dab tsi peb tau tham txog kev sau cov kev hauv supernet hauv ib qho ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab dhau los. Yog vim li cas rau cov ntsiab lus yog yooj yim - lub router ntseeg hais tias ib tug nkag mus rau hauv lub routing rooj, rau peb qhov no yog qhov nkag 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] ntawm 10.1.1.1, yog zoo dua 3 nkag. Yog tias lub network muaj ntau pua lub subnets me me, tom qab ntawd thaum cov lus xaus tsis ua haujlwm, lub rooj sib tham yuav muaj ntau tus lej nkag. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev sib sau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj heev hauv cov lus routing, tsis siv neeg txoj kev summarization yog siv.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, nws pib-summarizing txoj kev tsim teeb meem vim nws yuam lub router los pauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseeb. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm R3 router thiab nkag mus rau cov lus txib uas txwv tsis pub nws pib-summarizing txoj kev.
Txhawm rau ua qhov no, kuv ua raws cov lus txib router rip thiab tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus pib. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum qhov hloov tshiab kis thoob plaws lub network, thiab tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem siv qhov qhia ip txoj kev hais kom ua hauv cov chaw ntawm R4 router.
Koj tuaj yeem pom tias lub rooj sib tham tau hloov pauv li cas. Qhov nkag 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] ntawm 10.1.1.1 tau khaws cia los ntawm cov ntawv dhau los ntawm lub rooj, thiab tom qab ntawd muaj peb qhov nkag uas, ua tsaug rau lub sijhawm hloov tshiab, tau hloov kho txhua 30 vib nas this. Lub Flush timer xyuas kom meej tias 240 vib nas this tom qab hloov tshiab ntxiv rau 30 vib nas this, uas yog, tom qab 270 vib nas this, lub network no yuav raug tshem tawm ntawm lub rooj sib tham.
Cov tes hauj lwm 192.168.1.0/26, 192.168.1.64/26 thiab 192.168.1.128/26 tau teev tseg kom raug, yog li tam sim no yog kev khiav tsheb mus rau cov cuab yeej 192.168.1.225, cov cuab yeej ntawd yuav poob vim tias lub router tsis paub qhov twg lub cuab yeej nrog lub router. qhov chaw nyob. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv dhau los, thaum peb muaj nws pib-summarization ntawm txoj kev enabled rau R3, cov tsheb no yuav raug coj mus rau lub 10.1.1.1 network, uas yog kiag li tsis ncaj ncees lawm, vim hais tias R3 yuav tsum tam sim ntawd tso cov pob ntawv no tsis tau xa mus ntxiv.
Raws li tus thawj coj hauv lub network, koj yuav tsum tsim cov tes hauj lwm nrog tsawg kawg ntawm cov tsheb khiav tsis tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tsis tas yuav xa cov tsheb khiav mus los ntawm R3. Koj txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib txuas hauv network kom ntau li ntau tau, tiv thaiv kev xa mus rau cov khoom siv uas tsis xav tau.
Qhov kev txwv tom ntej ntawm RIP yog Loops, lossis routing loops. Peb twb tau tham txog network convergence, thaum lub rooj routing raug kho kom raug. Hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, lub router yuav tsum tsis txhob tau txais kev hloov tshiab rau 192.168.1.0/24 network yog tias nws tsis paub dab tsi txog nws. Technically, convergence txhais tau hais tias lub routing rooj hloov tshiab tsuas yog nrog cov ntaub ntawv raug. Qhov no yuav tsum tshwm sim thaum lub router raug tua, rebooted, reconnected rau lub network, thiab lwm yam. Convergence yog lub xeev uas txhua qhov tsim nyog routing rooj hloov tshiab tau ua tiav thiab tag nrho cov kev suav tsim nyog tau ua tiav.
RIP muaj kev sib tshuam tsis zoo heev thiab yog qhov kev sib txuas qeeb heev. Vim tias qhov qeeb qeeb no, routing Loops, lossis "infinite counter" teeb meem, tshwm sim.
Kuv yuav kos daim duab kos duab zoo ib yam li cov piv txwv dhau los - router 1 txuas nrog router 2 los ntawm network N2, network N1 txuas nrog router 1, thiab network N2 txuas nrog router 3. Cia peb xav tias vim li cas qhov kev sib txuas N1-R1 tawg.
Router 2 paub tias network N1 tuaj yeem ncav cuag hauv ib lub hop los ntawm router 1, tab sis lub network no tsis ua haujlwm tam sim no. Tom qab lub network tsis ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem timers pib, router 1 muab tso rau hauv Hold Down xeev, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, router 2 muaj qhov hloov tshiab timer khiav, thiab thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa nws xa qhov hloov tshiab rau router 1, uas hais tias network N1 nkag tau los ntawm nws hauv ob lub hops. Qhov kev hloov tshiab no tuaj txog rau router 1 ua ntej nws muaj sijhawm xa router 2 hloov tshiab txog qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm network N1.
Tau txais qhov hloov tshiab no, router 1 xav tias: "Kuv paub tias N1 network uas txuas nrog kuv tsis ua haujlwm rau qee yam, tab sis router 2 tau hais rau kuv tias nws muaj los ntawm nws hauv ob lub hops. Kuv ntseeg nws, yog li kuv yuav ntxiv ib lub plhaw, hloov kho kuv lub rooj sib tham thiab xa router 2 qhov hloov tshiab hais tias network N1 nkag tau los ntawm router 2 hauv peb hops! "
Tau txais qhov hloov tshiab no los ntawm thawj lub router, router 2 hais tias: "ok, ua ntej kuv tau txais qhov hloov tshiab los ntawm R1, uas tau hais tias N1 network muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub hop. Tam sim no nws hais rau kuv tias nws muaj nyob rau hauv 3 hops. Tej zaum qee yam tau hloov pauv hauv lub network, Kuv pab tsis tau tab sis ntseeg nws, yog li kuv yuav hloov kho kuv lub rooj sib tham los ntawm kev ntxiv ib lub hop. " Tom qab no, R2 xa qhov hloov tshiab rau thawj router, uas hais tias network N1 tam sim no muaj nyob rau hauv 4 hops.
Koj puas pom qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi? Ob lub routers xa cov hloov tshiab rau ib leeg, ntxiv ib lub plhaw txhua lub sijhawm, thiab thaum kawg tus naj npawb ntawm hops nce mus txog ntau tus lej. Hauv RIP raws tu qauv, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm hops yog 16, thiab sai li sai tau thaum nws ncav cuag tus nqi no, lub router paub tias muaj teeb meem thiab tsuas yog tshem tawm txoj kev no los ntawm lub rooj sib tham. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem nrog routing loops hauv RIP. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias RIP yog ib tug nyob deb vector raws tu qauv; nws tsuas yog saib xyuas qhov kev ncua deb, tsis tau them sai sai mus rau lub xeev ntawm network seem. Xyoo 1969, thaum lub khoos phis tawj sib txuas tau qeeb dua li tam sim no, qhov kev ncua deb vector mus kom ze tau raug tsim nyog, yog li cov neeg tsim khoom RIP xaiv hop suav ua lub ntsiab ntsuas. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no txoj hauv kev no tsim ntau yam teeb meem, yog li niaj hnub tes hauj lwm tau dav hloov mus rau cov txheej txheem kev tshaj lij ntxiv, xws li OSPF. Raws li qhov tseeb, cov txheej txheem no tau dhau los ua tus qauv rau kev sib koom tes ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb. Peb yuav saib cov txheej txheem no kom nthuav dav hauv ib qho ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv qab no.
Peb yuav tsis rov qab mus rau RIP, vim tias siv cov piv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem network qub tshaj plaws no, kuv tau qhia koj txaus txog cov hauv paus ntawm routing thiab cov teeb meem vim lawv sim tsis siv cov txheej txheem no rau cov tes hauj lwm loj. Hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab tom ntej no peb yuav saib cov txheej txheem routing niaj hnub - OSPF thiab EIGRP.
Ua tsaug uas koj nyob nrog peb. Koj puas nyiam peb cov ntawv? Xav pom cov ntsiab lus nthuav ntxiv? Txhawb nqa peb los ntawm kev tso ib qho kev txiav txim lossis qhia rau cov phooj ywg, 30% luv nqi rau cov neeg siv Habr ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb analogue ntawm nkag-theem servers, uas tau tsim los ntawm peb rau koj: (muaj nrog RAID1 thiab RAID10, mus txog 24 cores thiab mus txog 40GB DDR4).
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