Niaj hnub no peb yuav saib qhov dynamic trunking raws tu qauv DTP thiab VTP - VLAN trunking raws tu qauv. Raws li kuv tau hais hauv zaj lus qhia kawg, peb yuav ua raws li ICND2 cov ntsiab lus xeem nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim lawv tau teev nyob rau hauv Cisco lub vev xaib.
Lub sijhawm dhau los peb tau saib ntawm taw tes 1.1, thiab hnub no peb yuav saib 1.2 - teeb tsa, tshuaj xyuas thiab teeb meem kev sib txuas hauv network: ntxiv thiab tshem tawm VLANs ntawm lub cev thiab DTP thiab VTP raws tu qauv version 1 thiab 2.
Txhua qhov hloov chaw nres nkoj tawm ntawm lub thawv tau teeb tsa los ntawm lub neej ntawd siv Dynamic Auto hom ntawm DTP raws tu qauv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias thaum ob qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm cov keyboards sib txawv tau txuas nrog, lub pob tw tau qhib nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog tias ib qho ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj nyob hauv lub cev lossis hom kev ntshaw. Yog tias cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm ob lub keyboards nyob rau hauv Dynamic Auto hom, lub cev tsis tsim.
Yog li, txhua yam nyob ntawm qhov teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua qhov ntawm 2 lub keyboards. Rau kev nkag siab yooj yim, kuv tau ua ib lub rooj ntawm kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm DTP hom ntawm ob lub keyboards. Koj pom tias yog tias ob lub keyboards siv Dynamic Auto, lawv yuav tsis tsim ib lub cev, tab sis yuav nyob twj ywm hauv Access hom. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj xav kom lub pob tw tsim ntawm ob lub keyboards, koj yuav tsum program tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm cov keyboards mus rau lub Trunk hom, los yog program lub cev qhov chaw nres nkoj siv hom Dynamic Desirable. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm lub rooj, txhua qhov hloov pauv chaw nres nkoj tuaj yeem nyob hauv ib qho ntawm 4 hom: Nkag mus, Dynamic Auto, Dynamic Desirable lossis Trunk.
Yog tias ob lub chaw nres nkoj tau teeb tsa rau Access, cov kev sib txuas sib txuas yuav siv hom Access. Yog tias ib qho chaw nres nkoj tau teeb tsa rau Dynamic Auto thiab lwm qhov rau Kev Nkag Mus, ob qho tib si yuav ua haujlwm hauv Access hom. Yog tias ib qho chaw nres nkoj ua haujlwm hauv Access hom thiab lwm qhov hauv Trunk hom, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem txuas cov keyboards, yog li kev sib xyaw ntawm hom no siv tsis tau.
Yog li, txhawm rau txhawm rau ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas ib qho ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj hloov tau programmed rau Trunk, thiab lwm yam rau Trunk, Dynamic Auto lossis Dynamic Desirable. Lub pob tw kuj tsim yog tias ob qhov chaw nres nkoj tau teeb tsa rau Dynamic Desirable.
Qhov txawv ntawm Dynamic Desirable thiab Dynamic Auto yog tias nyob rau hauv thawj hom, qhov chaw nres nkoj nws tus kheej pib lub cev, xa DTP ntas mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm qhov thib ob hloov. Hauv hom thib ob, qhov hloov chaw nres nkoj tos kom txog thaum ib tus neeg pib sib txuas lus nrog nws, thiab yog tias qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm ob lub keyboards tau teeb tsa rau Dynamic Auto, lub cev tsis tau tsim ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Dynamic Desirable, qhov teeb meem yog qhov opposite - yog hais tias ob lub ports yog configured rau hom no, ib tug pob tw yuav tsum tau tsim ntawm lawv.
Kuv qhia koj kom nco qab cov lus no, vim nws yuav pab koj kom teeb tsa cov keyboards txuas rau ib leeg. Cia peb saib qhov no hauv Packet Tracer program. Kuv txuas 3 lub keyboards ua ke ua ke thiab tam sim no yuav tso tawm CLI console windows rau txhua yam ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub vijtsam.
Yog hais tias kuv nkag mus rau hauv cov yeeb yam int trunk hais kom ua, peb yuav tsis pom ib lub cev, uas yog kiag li tej yam ntuj tso nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog chaw, txij li tag nrho cov keyboards yog configured rau Dynamic Auto hom. Yog tias kuv thov kom pom qhov f0/1 interface tsis ntawm qhov hloov nruab nrab, koj yuav pom tias nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm kev teeb tsa hom lub dynamic auto parameter tau teev tseg.
Qhov thib peb thiab thawj keyboards muaj qhov zoo sib xws - lawv kuj muaj chaw nres nkoj f0/1 hauv dynamic auto mode. Yog hais tias koj nco qab lub rooj, rau trunking tag nrho cov ports yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub cev hom los yog ib tug ntawm cov ports yuav tsum nyob rau hauv Dynamic ntshaw hom.
Cia peb mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm thawj qhov hloov SW0 thiab teeb tsa chaw nres nkoj f0/1. Tom qab nkag mus rau lub switchport hom hais kom ua, lub kaw lus yuav qhia rau koj txog qhov ua tau hom tsis: nkag, dynamic lossis lub cev. Kuv siv lub switchport hom dynamic xav tau hais kom ua, thiab koj tuaj yeem pom yuav ua li cas lub cev chaw nres nkoj f0/1 ntawm qhov hloov thib ob, tom qab nkag mus rau cov lus txib no, thawj zaug mus rau hauv lub xeev qis, thiab tom qab ntawd, tom qab tau txais DTP thav duab ntawm thawj qhov hloov, mus. nyob rau hauv lub up state.
Yog tias peb tam sim no nkag mus rau qhov qhia int trunk hais kom ua hauv CLI console ntawm kev hloov SW1, peb yuav pom tias qhov chaw nres nkoj f0/1 nyob rau hauv lub cev lub cev. Kuv nkag mus rau tib cov lus txib hauv lub console ntawm kev hloov SW1 thiab pom tib cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog, tam sim no lub pob tw tau nruab ntawm cov keyboards SW0 thiab SW1. Hauv qhov no, qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm thawj qhov hloov pauv yog nyob rau hauv hom kev ntshaw, thiab qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm qhov thib ob yog nyob rau hauv hom pib.
Tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntawm qhov thib ob thiab thib peb hloov pauv, yog li kuv mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov hloov thib peb thiab nkag mus rau cov lus txib switchport hom dynamic ntshaw. Koj pom tias nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob hloov pauv tib lub xeev kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim, tsuas yog tam sim no lawv kov qhov chaw nres nkoj f0/2, uas hloov 3 txuas nrog. Tam sim no tus hloov thib ob muaj ob lub pob tw: ib qho ntawm interface f0/1, qhov thib ob ntawm f0/2. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom yog tias koj siv cov lus qhia int trunk hais kom ua.
Ob qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm qhov hloov thib ob yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev pib, uas yog, rau kev sib tw nrog cov neeg nyob sib ze, lawv cov chaw nres nkoj yuav tsum nyob hauv lub cev lossis hom kev ntshaw, vim tias qhov no tsuas muaj 2 hom kev tsim lub cev. Siv lub rooj, koj tuaj yeem hloov kho cov chaw nres nkoj hauv ib txoj hauv kev los npaj lub cev ntawm lawv. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv dynamic trunking raws tu qauv DTP.
Cia peb pib saib VLAN trunking raws tu qauv, lossis VTP. Cov txheej txheem no ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm VLAN databases ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv network, nqa tawm kev hloov kho tshiab VLAN database los ntawm ib lub cuab yeej mus rau lwm qhov. Cia peb rov qab mus rau peb lub voj voog ntawm 3 lub keyboards. VTP tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv 3 hom: server, neeg siv khoom thiab pob tshab. VTP v3 muaj lwm hom hu ua Off, tab sis Cisco kuaj tsuas yog VTP versions XNUMX thiab XNUMX.
Hom neeg rau zaub mov yog siv los tsim VLANs tshiab, tshem tawm lossis hloov cov tes hauj lwm los ntawm kev hloov cov kab hais kom ua. Hauv hom neeg siv, tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm VLANs; hauv hom no, tsuas yog VLAN database tau hloov kho los ntawm server. Hom pob tshab ua haujlwm zoo li VTP raws tu qauv yog neeg xiam oob qhab, uas yog, qhov hloov pauv tsis tawm nws tus kheej VTP cov lus, tab sis xa cov hloov tshiab los ntawm lwm cov keyboards - yog tias qhov hloov tshiab tuaj txog ntawm ib qho ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj hloov, nws dhau los ntawm nws tus kheej thiab xa. nws txuas ntxiv hauv lub network los ntawm lwm qhov chaw nres nkoj. Hauv hom pob tshab, qhov hloov pauv tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm lwm tus neeg cov lus yam tsis tau hloov kho nws tus kheej VLAN database.
Ntawm qhov swb no koj pom VTP raws tu qauv configuration commands nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no configuration hom. Thawj cov lus txib tuaj yeem hloov cov txheej txheem version siv. Cov lus txib thib ob xaiv VTP kev ua haujlwm hom.
Yog tias koj xav tsim VTP sau npe, siv vtp sau <npe npe> hais kom ua, thiab teeb tsa VTP password koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau vtp password <PASSWORD> hais kom ua. Cia peb mus rau CLI console ntawm thawj qhov hloov pauv thiab saib VTP xwm txheej los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov lus qhia vtp raws li txoj cai.
Koj pom VTP raws tu qauv yog thib ob, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm VLANs txhawb nqa yog 255, tus naj npawb ntawm VLANs uas twb muaj lawm yog 5, thiab VLAN kev khiav hauj lwm hom yog server. Cov no yog tag nrho cov kev teeb tsa ua ntej. Peb twb tau tham txog VTP nyob rau Hnub 30 zaj lus qhia, yog tias koj tsis nco qab dab tsi, koj tuaj yeem rov qab mus saib daim video no dua.
Txhawm rau pom VLAN database, kuv muab cov lus qhia luv luv vlan. VLAN1 thiab VLAN1002-1005 muaj nyob ntawm no. Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, tag nrho cov kev sib txuas pub dawb ntawm kev hloov pauv tau txuas nrog thawj lub network - 23 Fast Ethernet ports thiab 2 Gigabit Ethernet ports, qhov seem 4 VLANs tsis txaus siab. Lub VLAN databases ntawm lwm ob lub keyboards zoo ib yam nkaus, tshwj tsis yog tias SW1 tsis muaj 23, tab sis 22 Fast Ethernet ports dawb rau VLANs, txij li f0/1 thiab f0/2 yog nyob ntawm pob tw. Cia kuv ceeb toom koj ib zaug ntxiv ntawm qhov tau tham hauv zaj lus qhia "Hnub 30" - VTP raws tu qauv tsuas yog txhawb nqa kev hloov kho VLAN databases.
Yog tias kuv teeb tsa ntau lub chaw nres nkoj siv VLANs nrog switchport nkag thiab switchport hom nkag VLAN10, VLAN20, lossis VLAN30 cov lus txib, qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj yuav tsis rov ua dua los ntawm VTP vim VTP tsuas yog hloov kho VLAN database.
Yog li, yog tias ib qho ntawm SW1 cov chaw nres nkoj tau teeb tsa ua haujlwm nrog VLAN20, tab sis lub network no tsis nyob hauv VLAN database, qhov chaw nres nkoj yuav raug kaw. Nyob rau hauv lem, database tshiab tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum siv VTP raws tu qauv.
Siv cov lus qhia vtp raws li txoj cai, kuv pom tias tag nrho 3 qhov hloov pauv tam sim no nyob rau hauv hom server. Kuv yuav hloov qhov nruab nrab hloov SW1 mus rau hauv hom pob tshab nrog vtp hom pob tshab hais kom ua, thiab qhov thib peb hloov SW2 rau hauv hom neeg siv nrog vtp hom neeg siv cov lus txib.
Tam sim no cia peb rov qab mus rau thawj qhov hloov SW0 thiab tsim nwking.org sau siv vtp sau <domain name> hais kom ua. Yog tias koj tam sim no saib VTP lub xeev ntawm qhov hloov thib ob, uas yog nyob rau hauv hom pob tshab, koj tuaj yeem pom tias nws tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau txhua txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim cov npe - VTP Domain Name teb tseem khoob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov hloov thib peb, uas yog nyob rau hauv hom neeg siv, hloov kho nws cov ntaub ntawv thiab tam sim no muaj lub npe sau npe VTP-nwking.org. Yog li, qhov hloov tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov SW0 dhau los ntawm SW1 thiab tau cuam tshuam hauv SW2.
Tam sim no kuv yuav sim hloov lub npe sau npe, uas kuv yuav mus rau SW0 nqis thiab ntaus vtp sau NetworKing hais kom ua. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lub sijhawm no tsis muaj qhov hloov tshiab - VTP lub npe sau npe ntawm qhov hloov thib peb tseem zoo li qub. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias xws li ib tug sau npe hloov tshiab tshwm sim ib zaug xwb, thaum lub neej ntawd sau hloov. Yog tias tom qab qhov no VTP lub npe hloov pauv dua, nws yuav tsum tau hloov pauv manually ntawm cov keyboards ntxiv.
Tam sim no kuv yuav tsim ib qho tshiab VLAN100 network hauv CLI console ntawm thawj qhov kev hloov thiab hu nws IMRAN. Nws tshwm sim hauv VLAN database ntawm thawj qhov kev hloov, tab sis tsis tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov hloov thib peb, vim tias cov no yog cov sib txawv. Nco ntsoov tias kev hloov kho VLAN database tsuas yog tshwm sim yog tias ob lub keyboards muaj tib lub npe, lossis, raws li kuv tau pom ua ntej, lub npe sau npe tshiab tau teeb tsa los ntawm lub npe qub.
Kuv mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm 3 lub keyboards thiab nkag mus rau vtp hom thiab vtp sau NetworKing cov lus txib. Thov nco ntsoov tias lub npe nkag yog qhov tseem ceeb, yog li kev sau ntawm lub npe sau npe yuav tsum zoo ib yam rau ob lub keyboards. Tam sim no kuv muab SW2 rov qab rau hauv cov neeg siv hom siv vtp hom neeg siv cov lus txib. Cia peb saib seb yuav ua li cas. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, tam sim no, yog tias lub npe sau sib tw, SW2 database tau hloov kho thiab VLAN100 IMRAN network tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv nws, thiab cov kev hloov no tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov nruab nrab hloov, vim nws nyob hauv hom pob tshab.
Yog tias koj xav tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm kev nkag mus tsis tau, koj tuaj yeem tsim VTP password. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub cuab yeej ntawm sab nraud yuav muaj tib lo lus zais, vim tias tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no nws tuaj yeem lees txais VTP hloov tshiab.
Tom ntej no peb yuav saib yog VTP pruning, lossis "pruning" ntawm VLANs tsis siv. Yog tias koj muaj 100 cov khoom siv hauv koj lub network uas siv VTP, VLAN cov ntaub ntawv hloov tshiab ntawm ib lub cuab yeej yuav cia li rov ua dua rau lwm 99 khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam ntawm cov cuab yeej no muaj VLANs tau hais hauv qhov hloov tshiab, yog li cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv yuav tsis xav tau.
Xa VLAN cov ntaub ntawv hloov tshiab rau cov cuab yeej siv VTP txhais tau tias txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej yuav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ntxiv, tshem tawm, thiab hloov VLANs uas lawv yuav tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub network ua clogged nrog cov tsheb ntau dhau. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no tshwm sim, lub tswv yim ntawm VTP trimming yog siv. Txhawm rau pab kom "pruning" hom ntawm VLANs tsis cuam tshuam ntawm qhov hloov, siv vtp pruning hais kom ua. Cov keyboards yuav cia li qhia txhua tus VLANs uas lawv siv tiag tiag, yog li ceeb toom rau cov neeg nyob sib ze tias lawv tsis tas yuav xa cov hloov tshiab rau cov tes hauj lwm uas tsis txuas nrog lawv.
Piv txwv li, yog tias SW2 tsis muaj VLAN10 cov chaw nres nkoj, ces nws tsis xav tau SW1 xa nws mus rau lub network ntawd. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hloov SW1 xav tau VLAN10 tsheb vim tias ib qho ntawm nws cov chaw nres nkoj txuas nrog lub network no, nws tsuas yog tsis tas yuav xa cov tsheb khiav mus los hloov SW2.
Yog li yog tias SW2 siv vtp pruning hom, nws qhia SW1: "thov tsis txhob xa kuv mus rau VLAN10 vim tias lub network no tsis txuas nrog kuv thiab tsis muaj ib qho ntawm kuv cov chaw nres nkoj tau teeb tsa ua haujlwm nrog lub network no." Nov yog qhov uas siv vtp pruning hais kom ua.
Muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los lim tsheb rau ib qho kev sib tham tshwj xeeb. Nws tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm lub cev nrog lub VLAN tshwj xeeb. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua manually teeb tsa txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj lub cev, uas yuav tsum tau teev tseg uas VLANs tau tso cai thiab txwv tsis pub. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ib ntu ntawm 3 cov lus txib yog siv. Thawj qhov qhia txog kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kev txwv no, qhov thib ob hloov qhov kev sib tshuam no mus rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj lub cev, thiab qhov thib peb - ββhloov chaw nres nkoj tso cai vlan <tag nrho / tsis muaj / ntxiv / tshem tawm / VLAN tus lej> - qhia tias VLAN tau tso cai ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj no: tag nrho, tsis muaj ib tug, VLAN yuav tsum tau ntxiv los yog VLAN yuav tsum deleted.
Nyob ntawm seb qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, koj xaiv yuav siv dab tsi: VTP pruning lossis pob tw tso cai. Qee lub koom haum tsis nyiam siv VTP rau kev ruaj ntseg, yog li lawv xaiv los teeb tsa lub cev ntawm tes. Txij li thaum vtp pruning hais kom ua tsis ua haujlwm hauv Packet Tracer, kuv yuav qhia nws hauv GNS3 emulator.
Yog tias koj nkag mus rau hauv SW2 chaw thiab nkag mus rau vtp pruning hais kom ua, lub kaw lus yuav qhia tam sim ntawd tias hom no tau qhib: Pruning hloov rau, uas yog, VLAN "pruning" yog qhib nrog ib qho lus txib.
Yog tias peb ntaus qhov qhia vtp raws li txoj cai hais kom ua, peb yuav pom tias vtp pruning hom tau qhib.
Yog tias koj tab tom teeb tsa hom no ntawm lub server hloov pauv, tom qab ntawd mus rau nws qhov chaw thiab nkag mus rau vtp pruning hais kom ua. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov cuab yeej txuas nrog rau lub server yuav cia li siv vtp pruning kom txo qis cov tsheb khiav tsis zoo rau VLANs.
Yog tias koj tsis xav siv hom no, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li e0/0, thiab tom qab ntawd muab qhov hloov pauv lub cev tso cai rau vlan hais kom ua. Lub kaw lus yuav muab cov lus qhia rau koj txog qhov ua tau tsis zoo rau cov lus txib no:
- Lo lus - VLAN tus lej uas yuav tso cai rau ntawm qhov kev sib tham no hauv hom pob tw;
- ntxiv - VLAN ntxiv rau VLAN cov npe database;
- tag nrho - tso cai rau tag nrho VLANs;
- tshwj tsis yog - tso cai rau tag nrho VLANs tshwj tsis yog cov tau teev tseg;
- tsis muaj - txwv txhua VLANs;
- tshem tawm - tshem tawm VLAN los ntawm VLAN cov npe database.
Piv txwv li, yog tias peb muaj lub cev tso cai rau VLAN10 thiab peb xav tso cai rau VLAN20 network, ces peb yuav tsum nkag mus rau lub pob hloov pauv tau tso cai vlan ntxiv 20 cov lus txib.
Kuv xav qhia koj ib yam dab tsi ntxiv, yog li kuv siv cov lus qhia interface lub cev. Thov nco ntsoov tias los ntawm lub neej ntawd tag nrho VLANs 1-1005 tau tso cai rau lub cev, thiab tam sim no VLAN10 tau ntxiv rau lawv.
Yog tias kuv siv lub pob hloov pauv tau tso cai vlan ntxiv 20 hais kom ua thiab nug dua kom pom cov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev, peb tuaj yeem pom tias lub cev tam sim no muaj ob lub network tso cai - VLAN10 thiab VLAN20.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis muaj lwm yam tsheb, tshwj tsis yog rau cov uas npaj rau lub network teev, yuav muaj peev xwm mus hla lub cev no. Los ntawm kev tso cai rau kev khiav tsheb tsuas yog rau VLAN 10 thiab VLAN 20, peb tsis kam khiav tsheb rau tag nrho lwm VLANs. Nov yog yuav ua li cas manually teeb tsa trunking nqis rau ib qho tshwj xeeb VLAN ntawm ib qho kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb.
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