Txais tos rau lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov keyboards! Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog cov keyboards. Cia peb xav tias koj yog tus thawj coj hauv lub network thiab koj nyob hauv chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab tshiab. Tus thawj tswj hwm los ze koj nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub thawv thiab hais kom koj teeb tsa. Tej zaum koj yuav xav tias peb tab tom tham txog qhov hloov hluav taws xob zoo tib yam (hauv lus Askiv, lo lus hloov txhais tau hais tias ob qho tib si hloov network thiab hloov hluav taws xob - tus neeg txhais lus), tab sis qhov no tsis yog li ntawd - nws txhais tau hais tias lub network hloov, lossis Cisco hloov.
Yog li, tus thawj tswj hwm muab qhov hloov tshiab Cisco rau koj, uas yog nruab nrog ntau qhov sib cuam tshuam. Nws tuaj yeem yog 8,16 lossis 24 chaw nres nkoj hloov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus swb qhia ib tug hloov uas muaj 48 ports nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, muab faib ua 4 seem ntawm 12 ports. Raws li peb paub los ntawm cov tshooj lus dhau los, muaj ntau qhov sib txuas ntxiv tom qab qhov hloov pauv, ib qho yog qhov chaw nres nkoj console. Lub console chaw nres nkoj yog siv rau sab nraud nkag mus rau lub cuab yeej thiab tso cai rau koj pom tias qhov kev hloov pauv kev khiav haujlwm tau thauj khoom li cas.
Peb twb tau tham txog rooj plaub thaum koj xav pab koj cov npoj yaig thiab siv tej thaj chaw deb desktop. Koj txuas rau nws lub khoos phis tawj, hloov pauv, tab sis yog tias koj xav kom koj tus phooj ywg rov pib lub computer, koj yuav poob kev nkag mus thiab yuav tsis tuaj yeem saib dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm qhov screen thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom. Qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim yog tias koj tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau sab nraud ntawm lub cuab yeej no thiab tsuas yog txuas nrog nws hauv lub network.
Tab sis yog tias koj muaj kev nkag mus offline, koj tuaj yeem pom lub vijtsam khau raj, IOS unpacking thiab lwm yam txheej txheem. Lwm txoj hauv kev nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej no yog txuas mus rau ib qho ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj pem hauv ntej. Yog tias koj tau teeb tsa IP chaw tswj hwm ntawm lub cuab yeej no, raws li qhia hauv daim vis dis aus no, koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau nws ntawm Telnet. Qhov teeb meem yog tias koj yuav plam qhov kev nkag mus sai li sai tau thaum lub cuab yeej tig tawm.
Cia peb saib yuav ua li cas koj tuaj yeem ua qhov pib teeb tsa ntawm qhov hloov tshiab. Ua ntej peb mus ncaj qha mus rau qhov chaw teeb tsa, peb yuav tsum qhia ob peb txoj cai yooj yim.
Rau feem ntau ntawm cov kev qhia hauv video, kuv siv GNS3, ib qho emulator uas tso cai rau koj ua raws li Cisco IOS operating system. Feem ntau kuv xav tau ntau tshaj ib lub cuab yeej, piv txwv li yog tias kuv tab tom qhia txog kev ua haujlwm li cas. Hauv qhov no, kuv yuav xav tau, piv txwv li, plaub yam khoom siv. Hloov chaw ntawm kev yuav khoom siv lub cev, Kuv tuaj yeem siv qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho ntawm kuv cov khoom siv, txuas rau GNS3, thiab ua raws li IOS ntawm ntau yam khoom siv virtual.
Yog li kuv tsis tas yuav muaj lub cev muaj tsib routers, kuv tsuas muaj ib lub router xwb. Kuv tuaj yeem siv qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kuv lub computer, nruab ib lub emulator, thiab tau txais 5 yam khoom siv. Peb yuav saib yuav ua li cas ua qhov no hauv cov lus qhia hauv video tom qab, tab sis hnub no qhov teeb meem nrog kev siv GNS3 emulator yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov hloov pauv nrog nws, vim tias Cisco hloov tau kho vajtse ASIC chips. Nws yog ib qho tshwj xeeb IC uas ua rau qhov hloov pauv hloov, yog li koj tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom siv kho vajtse no xwb.
Feem ntau, GNS3 emulator pab ua haujlwm nrog qhov hloov pauv, tab sis muaj qee qhov haujlwm uas tsis tuaj yeem siv los siv nws. Yog li rau qhov kev qhia no thiab qee cov yeeb yaj kiab, kuv siv lwm Cisco software hu ua Cisco Packet Tracer. Tsis txhob nug kuv yuav ua li cas nkag mus rau Cisco Packet Tracer, koj tuaj yeem paub txog nws nrog kev pab los ntawm Google, Kuv tsuas yog hais tias koj yuav tsum yog ib tus tswv cuab ntawm Network Academy kom tau txais kev nkag mus.
Koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau Cisco Packet Tracer, koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub cev lub cev lossis GNS3, koj tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej no thaum kawm Cisco ICND chav kawm. Koj tuaj yeem siv GNS3 yog tias koj muaj lub router, kev khiav haujlwm thiab kev hloov pauv thiab nws yuav ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj teeb meem, koj tuaj yeem siv lub cev ntaus ntawv lossis Packet Tracer - tsuas yog txiav txim siab seb qhov twg haum koj zoo tshaj.
Tab sis hauv kuv cov yeeb yaj kiab qhia kuv yuav siv Packet Tracer tshwj xeeb, yog li kuv yuav muaj ob peb cov yeeb yaj kiab, ib qho tshwj xeeb rau Packet Tracer thiab ib qho tshwj xeeb rau GNS3, Kuv yuav tshaj tawm sai sai, tab sis tam sim no peb yuav siv. Pob ntawv Tracer. Nov yog qhov nws zoo li. Yog tias koj tseem muaj kev nkag mus rau Network Academy, koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov program no, thiab yog tias tsis yog, koj tuaj yeem siv lwm yam cuab yeej.
Yog li, txij li hnub no peb tab tom tham txog cov keyboards, Kuv yuav tshawb xyuas cov khoom hloov pauv, xaiv tus qauv hloov ntawm 2960 series thiab luag nws lub cim rau hauv qhov program qhov rai. Yog tias kuv ob npaug nias rau ntawm lub cim no, kuv yuav mus rau qhov hais kom ua kab interface.
Tom ntej no, kuv pom yuav ua li cas hloov lub operating system yog loaded.
Yog tias koj siv lub cev thiab txuas mus rau lub computer, koj yuav pom tib daim duab ntawm booting Cisco IOS. Koj tuaj yeem pom tias lub operating system tau raug kaw, thiab koj tuaj yeem nyeem qee qhov kev txwv kev siv software thiab daim ntawv tso cai, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ... tag nrho cov no tau tshwm sim hauv lub qhov rais no.
Tom ntej no, lub platform uas OS tab tom khiav, qhov no WS-C2690-24TT hloov, yuav raug pom, thiab tag nrho cov haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv yuav raug tso tawm. Qhov kev pab cuam version kuj tshwm sim ntawm no. Tom ntej no, peb mus ncaj qha rau kab hais kom ua, yog tias koj nco qab, ntawm no peb muaj lus qhia rau tus neeg siv. Piv txwv li, lub cim (> ) caw koj nkag mus rau cov lus txib. Los ntawm Hnub 5 video nyeem, koj paub tias qhov no yog thawj zaug, qis tshaj hom rau kev nkag mus rau cov chaw teeb tsa, hu ua tus neeg siv EXEC hom. Qhov kev nkag tau no tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej Cisco.
Yog tias koj siv Packet Tracer, koj tau txais offline OOB nkag mus rau lub cuab yeej thiab koj tuaj yeem pom tias lub cuab yeej khau raj li cas. Qhov kev pab cuam no simulates nkag mus rau qhov hloov mus los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj console. Yuav ua li cas koj hloov los ntawm tus neeg siv EXEC hom mus rau EXEC txoj cai hom? Koj ntaus cov lus txib "pab" thiab ntaus nkag, koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus qhia tsuas yog ntaus "en" thiab tau txais cov kev xaiv tau pib nrog cov ntawv no. Yog tias koj tsuas yog sau tsab ntawv "e", lub cuab yeej yuav tsis nkag siab tias koj txhais li cas vim tias muaj peb cov lus txib pib nrog "e", tab sis yog tias kuv ntaus "en", lub kaw lus yuav nkag siab tias tib lo lus uas pib nrog cov no. ob tsab ntawv no yog enable. Yog li, los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov lus txib no, koj yuav tau txais kev nkag mus rau Exec hom muaj cai.
Hauv hom no, peb tuaj yeem ua txhua yam uas tau pom nyob rau ntawm tus swb thib ob - hloov lub npe tswv, teeb tsa tus ID nkag mus banner, Telnet password, qhib tus password nkag, teeb tsa tus IP chaw nyob, teeb tsa lub rooj vag qub, muab lus txib kom kaw lub ntaus ntawv, tshem tawm cov lus txib ua ntej thiab txuag cov kev hloov pauv tau ua.
Cov no yog 10 cov lus txib yooj yim uas koj siv thaum koj pib lub cuab yeej. Txhawm rau nkag mus rau cov kev txwv no, koj yuav tsum siv hom kev teeb tsa thoob ntiaj teb, uas tam sim no peb yuav hloov mus rau.
Yog li, thawj qhov tsis yog lub npe hostname, nws siv rau tag nrho cov cuab yeej, yog li hloov nws yog ua tiav hauv hom kev teeb tsa thoob ntiaj teb. Ua li no, peb nkag mus rau Hloov (config) # parameter ntawm kab hais kom ua. Yog tias kuv xav hloov lub npe hostname, kuv sau hostname NetworKing hauv kab no, nias Enter, thiab kuv pom tias lub npe hloov khoom siv tau hloov mus rau NetworKing. Yog tias koj koom nrog qhov kev hloov no mus rau lub network uas twb muaj ntau lwm yam khoom siv, lub npe no yuav ua nws tus cim ntawm lwm cov khoom siv hauv network, yog li sim los nrog lub npe tshwj xeeb rau koj qhov kev hloov nrog lub ntsiab lus. Yog li, yog tias qhov hloov pauv no tau teeb tsa, hais, hauv tus thawj tswj hwm chaw ua haujlwm, ces koj tuaj yeem hu nws AdminFloor1Room2. Yog li, yog tias koj muab lub cuab yeej lub npe lub ntsiab lus, nws yuav yooj yim heev rau koj los txiav txim siab qhov twg koj txuas rau. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim nws yuav pab koj kom tsis txhob ntxhov siab hauv cov khoom siv thaum lub network nthuav dav.
Tom ntej no los ntawm Logon Banner parameter. Qhov no yog thawj zaug uas txhua tus neeg uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cuab yeej no nrog tus ID nkag mus yuav pom. Qhov kev ntsuas no tau teeb tsa siv #banner hais kom ua. Tom ntej no, koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov ntawv luv luv, Lus Tshaj Tawm Hnub, lossis "cov lus ntawm hnub". Yog tias kuv sau cov lus nug hauv kab, kuv tau txais cov lus zoo li: LINE nrog banner-ntawv nyeem nrog.
Nws zoo nkaus li tsis meej pem, tab sis nws tsuas yog txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem sau cov ntawv los ntawm ib qho cim uas tsis yog "s", uas qhov no yog tus cwj pwm cais. Yog li cia peb pib nrog ampersand (&). Kuv nias nkag mus thiab lub kaw lus hais tias tam sim no koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau ib qho ntawv rau tus chij thiab xaus nrog tib lub cim (&) uas pib kab. Yog li kuv pib nrog ampersand thiab kuv yuav tsum xaus kuv cov lus nrog ampersand.
Kuv yuav pib kuv daim ntawv chij nrog kab hnub qub (*) thiab ntawm kab tom ntej kuv yuav sau "Qhov kev hloov pauv txaus ntshai tshaj plaws! Tsis txhob nkag"! Kuv xav tias nws txias heev, leej twg yuav ntshai pom zoo li no banner.
Nov yog kuv "lus ntawm hnub". Txhawm rau xyuas seb nws zoo li cas ntawm lub vijtsam, kuv nias CTRL + Z hloov los ntawm hom ntiaj teb mus rau EXEC hom, los ntawm qhov uas kuv tuaj yeem tawm hauv hom kev teeb tsa. Qhov no yog li cas kuv cov lus saib ntawm qhov screen thiab qhov no yog li cas tus neeg uas nkag mus rau qhov hloov pauv no yuav pom nws. Qhov no yog qhov hu ua login banner. Koj tuaj yeem muaj tswv yim thiab sau txhua yam koj xav tau, tab sis kuv qhia koj kom ua tiag tiag. Kuv txhais tau tias, qee tus neeg tsis yog cov ntawv tsim nyog tau tso cov duab ntawm cov cim uas tsis tau nqa ib qho semantic load raws li kev txais tos banner. Tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj los ntawm kev ua "kev muaj tswv yim", tsuas yog nco ntsoov tias nrog cov cim ntxiv koj tau dhau lub cuab yeej lub cim xeeb (RAM) thiab cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa uas siv thaum pib lub kaw lus. Cov cim ntau dua hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov hloov pauv qeeb qeeb, yog li sim txo qis cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa, ua rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov chij nkig thiab meej.
Tom ntej no, peb yuav saib tus password ntawm Console Password. Nws tiv thaiv cov neeg tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cuab yeej. Cia peb xav tias koj tso lub cuab yeej qhib. Yog tias kuv yog hacker, kuv yuav txuas kuv lub laptop nrog lub console cable mus rau qhov hloov, siv lub console nkag mus rau qhov hloov pauv thiab hloov tus password lossis ua lwm yam phem. Tab sis yog tias koj siv tus password ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj console, ces kuv tsuas tuaj yeem nkag nrog tus password no. Koj tsis xav kom ib tug neeg tsuas yog nkag mus rau hauv lub console thiab hloov qee yam hauv koj qhov kev hloov pauv. Yog li cia saib qhov kev teeb tsa tam sim no ua ntej.
Txij li thaum kuv nyob rau hauv config hom, kuv tuaj yeem ntaus ua sh run commands. Cov yeeb yam khiav hais kom ua yog ib txoj cai EXEC hom hais kom ua. Yog tias kuv xav nkag mus rau hom thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm hom no, kuv yuav tsum siv cov lus txib "ua". Yog tias peb saib ntawm kab console, peb pom tias los ntawm lub neej ntawd tsis muaj lo lus zais thiab kab con 0 tshwm sim, kab no nyob hauv ib ntu, thiab hauv qab no yog lwm ntu ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa.
Txij li thaum tsis muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv "kab console", qhov no txhais tau hais tias thaum kuv txuas mus rau qhov hloov los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj console, kuv yuav tau txais kev nkag ncaj qha mus rau lub console. Tam sim no, yog tias koj ntaus ntawv "kawg", koj tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau hom muaj cai thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau hom neeg siv. Yog tias kuv nias Enter tam sim no, kuv yuav ncaj qha mus rau hauv kab lus hais kom sai, vim tias tsis muaj lo lus zais ntawm no, txwv tsis pub qhov kev zov me nyuam yuav nug kuv kom nkag mus rau qhov teeb tsa.
Yog li, cia peb nias "Enter" thiab ntaus kab con 0 ntawm kab, vim tias hauv Cisco li txhua yam pib los ntawm kos. Txij li thaum peb tsuas muaj ib lub console, nws yog abbreviated "con". Tam sim no, txhawm rau muab tus password, piv txwv li, lo lus "Cisco", peb yuav tsum ntaus tus password cisco hais kom ua hauv NetworKing (config-line) # kab thiab nias Enter.
Tam sim no peb tau teeb tsa tus password, tab sis peb tseem tsis tau muaj qee yam. Cia peb sim txhua yam dua thiab tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Txawm hais tias peb tau teeb tsa tus password, lub kaw lus tsis nug nws. Vim li cas?
Nws tsis nug tus password vim peb tsis nug nws. Peb tau teeb tsa tus password, tab sis tsis tau qhia ib kab uas nws tau kuaj xyuas yog tias tsheb pib tuaj txog ntawm lub cuab yeej. Peb yuav ua li cas? Peb yuav tsum rov qab mus rau kab uas peb muaj kab con 0, thiab sau lo lus "login".
Qhov no txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas tus password, piv txwv li tus ID nkag mus yuav tsum tau nkag mus. Cia peb kuaj seb peb tau txais dab tsi. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tawm ntawm qhov chaw thiab rov qab mus rau lub qhov rais banner. Koj tuaj yeem pom tias tam sim ntawd hauv qab no peb muaj kab uas yuav tsum tau koj nkag mus rau tus password.
Yog tias kuv nkag mus rau tus password ntawm no, kuv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov khoom siv. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, peb tau zoo tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau lub cuab yeej yam tsis tau koj tso cai, thiab tam sim no tsuas yog cov neeg uas paub tus password tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub system.
Tam sim no koj pom tias peb muaj teeb meem me ntsis. Yog tias koj ntaus qee yam uas lub kaw lus tsis nkag siab, nws xav tias nws yog lub npe sau npe thiab sim nrhiav tus neeg rau zaub mov lub npe sau los ntawm kev tso cai rau kev sib txuas rau IP chaw nyob 255.255.255.255.
Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim, thiab kuv yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas txwv tsis pub cov lus no tshwm sim. Koj tuaj yeem tos kom txog thaum lub sijhawm thov, lossis siv cov keyboard shortcut Control + Shift + 6, qee zaum nws ua haujlwm txawm tias ntawm lub cev.
Tom qab ntawd peb yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lub kaw lus tsis nrhiav lub npe sau npe, rau qhov no peb nkag mus rau "tsis muaj IP-domain lookup" hais kom ua thiab xyuas seb nws ua haujlwm li cas.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog kev hloov pauv yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Yog tias peb rov tawm qhov chaw rau lub vijtsam txais tos thiab ua qhov yuam kev qub, uas yog, nkag mus rau ib txoj hlua khoob, lub cuab yeej yuav tsis nkim sij hawm tshawb nrhiav lub npe sau npe, tab sis tsuas yog yuav tso saib cov lus "tsis paub lus txib". tus ID nkag mus lo lus zais yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tau ua ntawm koj lub cuab yeej Cisco tshiab.
Tom ntej no, peb yuav xav txog tus password rau Telnet raws tu qauv. Yog hais tias rau lo lus zais rau lub console peb muaj "con 0" nyob rau hauv kab, rau tus password ntawm Telnet lub neej ntawd parameter yog "kab vty", uas yog, tus password yog configured nyob rau hauv virtual davhlau ya nyob twg hom, vim Telnet tsis yog ib tug lub cev, tab sis kab virtual. Thawj kab vty parameter yog 0 thiab qhov kawg yog 15. Yog tias peb teeb tsa qhov parameter rau 15, nws txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem tsim 16 kab kom nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej no. Ntawd yog, yog tias peb muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv lub network, thaum txuas mus rau qhov hloov pauv siv Telnet raws tu qauv, thawj lub cuab yeej yuav siv kab 0, thib ob - kab 1, thiab lwm yam mus txog kab 15. Yog li, 16 tus neeg tuaj yeem txuas mus rau qhov hloov mus rau tib lub sijhawm, thiab qhov hloov pauv yuav qhia rau tus neeg thib kaum xya thaum sim txuas mus rau qhov kev txwv kev sib txuas tau mus txog.
Peb tuaj yeem teeb tsa tus password rau tag nrho 16 kab virtual los ntawm 0 txog 15, ua raws tib lub tswv yim xws li thaum teeb tsa tus password ntawm lub console, uas yog, peb nkag mus rau lo lus txib hauv kab thiab teeb tus password, piv txwv li, lo lus "telnet", thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau qhov hais kom ua "login". Qhov no txhais tau tias peb tsis xav kom tib neeg nkag mus rau hauv lub cuab yeej siv Telnet raws tu qauv yam tsis muaj tus password. Yog li ntawd, peb qhia kom kuaj tus ID nkag mus thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tso cai nkag mus rau qhov system.
Tam sim no, peb tsis tuaj yeem siv Telnet, vim tias kev nkag mus rau lub cuab yeej ntawm cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog ua tiav tom qab teeb tsa tus IP chaw nyob ntawm qhov hloov pauv. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas Telnet nqis, cia peb ua ntej mus rau kev tswj tus IP chaw nyob.
Raws li koj paub, qhov hloov pauv ua haujlwm ntawm txheej 2 ntawm OSI qauv, muaj 24 qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab yog li tsis tuaj yeem muaj qhov tshwj xeeb IP chaw nyob. Tab sis peb yuav tsum muab tus IP chaw nyob rau qhov hloov pauv no yog tias peb xav txuas rau nws los ntawm lwm lub cuab yeej los tswj tus IP chaw nyob.
Yog li, peb yuav tsum muab ib qho chaw nyob IP rau qhov hloov pauv, uas yuav siv rau kev tswj hwm tus IP. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb yuav nkag mus rau ib qho ntawm cov lus txib uas kuv nyiam "qhia ip interface luv luv" thiab peb yuav tuaj yeem pom tag nrho cov interfaces tam sim no ntawm lub cuab yeej no.
Yog li, kuv pom tias kuv muaj nees nkaum plaub qhov chaw nres nkoj FastEthernet, ob lub GigabitEthernet chaw nres nkoj, thiab ib qho VLAN interface. VLAN yog lub network virtual, tom qab ntawd peb yuav ua tib zoo saib nws lub tswv yim, rau tam sim no kuv yuav hais tias txhua qhov hloov pauv los nrog ib qho virtual interface hu ua VLAN interface. Qhov no yog qhov peb siv los tswj kev hloov pauv.
Yog li ntawd, peb yuav sim nkag mus rau qhov interface no thiab nkag mus rau vlan 1 parameter ntawm kab hais kom ua. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pom tias kab hais kom ua tau dhau los ua NetworKing (config-yog) #, uas txhais tau tias peb nyob hauv VLAN hloov chaw tswj interface. Tam sim no peb yuav nkag mus rau cov lus txib kom teeb tsa tus IP chaw nyob zoo li no: Ip ntxiv 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 thiab nias "Enter".
Peb pom tias qhov no interface tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov interfaces cim "administratively down". Yog tias koj pom cov ntawv sau zoo li no, nws txhais tau hais tias rau qhov kev sib txuas no muaj "shutdown" cov lus txib uas tso cai rau koj los kaw qhov chaw nres nkoj, thiab qhov no qhov chaw nres nkoj no yog neeg xiam. Koj tuaj yeem khiav cov lus txib no ntawm txhua qhov kev sib txuas uas muaj qhov cim "down" hauv nws txoj hlua khi. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem mus rau FastEthernet0/23 lossis FastEthernet0/24 interface, teeb tsa "shutdown" hais kom ua, tom qab ntawd qhov chaw nres nkoj no yuav raug cim tias "kev tswj hwm" hauv cov npe ntawm cov interfaces, uas yog, neeg xiam oob qhab.
Yog li, peb tau saib yuav ua li cas cov lus txib kom lov tes taw "shutdown" chaw nres nkoj ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau txhawm rau qhib qhov chaw nres nkoj lossis txawm tias qhib ib yam dab tsi hauv qhov hloov pauv, siv cov lus txib Negating, lossis "command negation". Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv peb rooj plaub, siv xws li ib tug hais kom ua yuav txhais tau tias "tsis muaj shutdown". Qhov no yog ib lo lus yooj yooj yim heev "tsis muaj" hais kom ua - yog tias "shutdown" hais kom ua txhais tau tias "tua lub cuab yeej", ces qhov "tsis kaw" hais kom ua "tig lub cuab yeej". Yog li, tsis lees paub cov lus txib nrog cov lus hais "tsis muaj", peb hais kom Cisco ntaus ntawv ua qhov sib txawv.
Tam sim no kuv yuav nkag mus rau "qhia ip interface luv luv" hais kom ua dua, thiab koj yuav pom tias lub xeev ntawm peb qhov chaw nres nkoj VLAN, uas tam sim no muaj IP chaw nyob ntawm 10.1.1.1, tau hloov pauv ntawm "down" - "tawm" mus rau "nce β - βonβ, tab sis txoj hlua log tseem hais tias "down".
Vim li cas VLAN raws tu qauv tsis ua haujlwm? Vim tias tam sim no nws tsis pom muaj tsheb khiav hla qhov chaw nres nkoj no, vim tias, yog tias koj nco qab, tsuas muaj ib lub cuab yeej hauv peb lub network virtual - hloov, thiab qhov no yuav tsis muaj tsheb khiav. Yog li, peb yuav ntxiv ib qho khoom siv ntxiv rau lub network, PC-PT (PC0) tus kheej lub computer.
Tsis txhob txhawj txog Cisco Packet Tracer, nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv qab no kuv yuav qhia koj tias qhov kev pab cuam no ua haujlwm li cas hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv, rau tam sim no peb tsuas yog muaj cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm nws lub peev xwm.
Yog li, tam sim no kuv yuav qhib lub PC simulation, nyem rau ntawm lub computer icon thiab khiav ib lub cable los ntawm nws mus rau peb qhov kev hloov. Cov lus tau tshwm sim hauv lub console hais tias kab raws tu qauv ntawm VLAN1 interface hloov nws lub xeev mus rau UP, txij li peb muaj tsheb khiav los ntawm PC. Sai li qhov raws tu qauv tau sau tseg cov tsos ntawm kev khiav tsheb, nws tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev npaj.
Yog tias koj muab "qhia ip interface luv luv" hais kom ua dua, koj tuaj yeem pom tias FastEthernet0 / 1 interface tau hloov nws lub xeev thiab lub xeev ntawm nws cov txheej txheem rau UP, vim nws yog rau nws tias cable los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj txuas nrog, los ntawm uas lub tsheb pib ntws. Lub VLAN interface kuj tau nce vim nws "pom" tsheb khiav ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj.
Tam sim no peb yuav nyem rau ntawm lub computer icon kom pom tias nws yog dab tsi. Qhov no tsuas yog simulation ntawm lub Windows PC, yog li peb yuav mus rau lub network teeb tsa teeb tsa kom muab lub khoos phis tawj IP chaw nyob ntawm 10.1.1.2 thiab muab lub npog ntsej muag subnet ntawm 255.255.255.0.
Peb tsis xav tau lub rooj vag qub vim tias peb nyob hauv tib lub network raws li qhov hloov pauv. Tam sim no kuv yuav sim ping qhov hloov nrog "ping 10.1.1.1" hais kom ua, thiab, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, ping tau ua tiav. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tam sim no lub khoos phis tawj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov hloov pauv thiab peb muaj qhov chaw nyob IP ntawm 10.1.1.1 los ntawm qhov hloov pauv tau tswj hwm.
Koj tuaj yeem nug yog vim li cas lub khoos phis tawj thawj qhov kev thov tau txais cov lus teb "timeout". Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias lub khoos phis tawj tsis paub MAC chaw nyob ntawm qhov hloov pauv thiab yuav tsum xub xa daim ntawv thov ARP, yog li thawj hu rau IP chaw nyob 10.1.1.1 ua tsis tiav.
Wb sim siv Telnet raws tu qauv los ntawm ntaus ntawv "telnet 10.1.1.1" rau hauv lub console. Peb sib txuas lus nrog lub khoos phis tawj no siv Telnet raws tu qauv nrog qhov chaw nyob 10.1.1.1, uas tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li qhov hloov pauv virtual. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov hais kom ua kab davhlau ya nyob twg qhov rais, kuv tam sim ntawd pom lub txais tos banner ntawm tus tes hloov qhov uas peb ntsia ua ntej.
Lub cev, qhov hloov pauv no tuaj yeem nyob txhua qhov chaw - ntawm plaub lossis hauv thawj pem teb ntawm chaw ua haujlwm, tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub peb pom nws siv Telnet. Koj pom tias qhov hloov pauv tau nug tus password. Tus password no yog dab tsi? Peb teeb tsa ob lo lus zais - ib qho rau lub console, lwm qhov rau VTY. Cia peb pib sim nkag mus rau lo lus zais ntawm "cisco" console thiab koj tuaj yeem pom tias nws tsis raug lees txais los ntawm lub kaw lus. Tom qab ntawd kuv sim tus password "telnet" ntawm VTY thiab nws ua haujlwm. Qhov hloov pauv tau txais VTY lo lus zais, yog li kab vty lo lus zais yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm Telnet raws tu qauv siv ntawm no.
Tam sim no kuv sim nkag mus rau "pab" hais kom ua, uas lub kaw lus teb "tsis muaj lo lus zais" - "password tsis teeb". Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov hloov pauv tau tso cai rau kuv nkag mus rau cov neeg siv kev teeb tsa hom, tab sis tsis tau muab kev tso cai rau kuv nkag. Txhawm rau nkag mus rau hauv EXEC hom muaj cai, kuv yuav tsum tsim qhov hu ua "pab password", piv txwv li pab tus password. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb rov mus rau qhov hloov chaw qhov rai kom tso cai rau lub kaw lus siv tus password.
Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb siv cov lus txib "pab" hloov los ntawm cov neeg siv EXEC hom mus rau EXEC hom. Txij li thaum peb nkag mus rau "pab", lub kaw lus kuj xav tau tus password, vim tias txoj haujlwm no yuav tsis ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj tus password. Yog li ntawd, peb rov qab mus rau qhov simulation ntawm tau txais console nkag. Kuv twb muaj kev nkag mus rau qhov kev hloov no, yog li hauv IOS CLI qhov rai, hauv NetworKing (config) # qhib kab, Kuv yuav tsum tau ntxiv "password enable", uas yog, qhib lub password siv ua haujlwm.
Tam sim no cia kuv sim dua ntaus ntawv "pab" ntawm lub khoos phis tawj cov lus txib thiab ntaus "Enter", uas ua rau lub kaw lus rau lo lus zais. Tus password no yog dab tsi? Tom qab kuv ntaus ntawv thiab nkag mus rau "pab" hais kom ua, kuv tau nkag mus rau EXEC hom kev cai. Tam sim no kuv muaj kev nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej no los ntawm lub computer, thiab kuv tuaj yeem ua txhua yam kuv xav tau nrog nws. Kuv tuaj yeem mus rau "conf t", Kuv tuaj yeem hloov tus password lossis hostname. Tam sim no kuv yuav hloov lub hostname rau SwitchF1R10, uas txhais tau tias "hauv pem teb, chav 10". Yog li, kuv hloov lub npe ntawm qhov hloov, thiab tam sim no nws qhia kuv qhov chaw ntawm cov cuab yeej no hauv chaw ua haujlwm.
Yog tias koj rov qab mus rau qhov hloov pauv cov kab hais kom ua interface qhov rai, koj tuaj yeem pom tias nws lub npe tau hloov pauv, thiab kuv tau ua qhov no nyob deb ntawm kev sib tham hauv Telnet.
Qhov no yog qhov peb nkag mus rau qhov hloov pauv ntawm Telnet: peb tau muab lub npe hostname, tsim lub login banner, teeb tus password rau lub console thiab tus password rau Telnet. Peb mam li ua tus password nkag muaj, tsim tus IP tswj kev muaj peev xwm, qhib qhov "shutdown" feature, thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm hais kom tsis txhob muaj peev xwm.
Tom ntej no, peb yuav tsum muab lub default gateway. Ua li no, peb rov hloov mus rau lub ntiaj teb hloov kev teeb tsa hom, ntaus cov lus txib "ip default-gateway 10.1.1.10" thiab nias "Enter". Koj tuaj yeem nug yog vim li cas peb xav tau lub rooj vag qub yog tias peb qhov hloov pauv yog txheej 2 ntaus ntawv ntawm OSI qauv.
Hauv qhov no, peb txuas lub PC mus rau qhov hloov pauv ncaj qha, tab sis cia peb xav tias peb muaj ntau yam khoom siv. Cia peb hais tias lub cuab yeej los ntawm qhov uas kuv tau pib Telnet, uas yog, lub computer, nyob rau hauv ib lub network, thiab qhov hloov nrog tus IP chaw nyob 10.1.1.1 yog nyob rau hauv lub network thib ob. Hauv qhov no, Telnet tsheb khiav los ntawm lwm lub network, qhov hloov pauv yuav tsum xa rov qab, tab sis tsis paub yuav mus txog qhov twg. Qhov hloov pauv txiav txim siab tias lub khoos phis tawj tus IP yog nyob rau lwm lub network, yog li koj yuav tsum siv lub rooj vag qub los sib txuas lus nrog nws.
Yog li, peb tau teeb tsa lub rooj vag qub rau lub cuab yeej no kom thaum tsheb khiav los ntawm lwm lub network, qhov hloov pauv tuaj yeem xa cov ntawv teb rau lub rooj vag qub, uas xa mus rau nws qhov chaw kawg.
Tam sim no peb yuav thaum kawg saib yuav ua li cas txuag tau qhov kev teeb tsa no. Peb tau ua ntau yam kev hloov pauv rau cov cuab yeej no qhov chaw uas nws yog lub sijhawm los cawm lawv. Muaj 2 txoj kev cawm.
Ib qho yog nkag mus rau "sau" hais kom ua hauv EXEC hom muaj cai. Kuv ntaus cov lus txib no, nias Enter, thiab lub kaw lus teb nrog cov lus "Lub tsev teeb tsa - OK", uas yog, qhov kev teeb tsa tam sim no ntawm lub cuab yeej tau ua tiav tiav. Qhov peb tau ua ua ntej txuag yog hu ua "kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm". Nws khaws cia hauv RAM ntawm qhov hloov pauv thiab yuav ploj tom qab nws raug tua. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum tau sau txhua yam uas nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm configuration rau khau raj configuration.
Txawm li cas los xij nyob rau hauv kev teeb tsa khiav, qhov "sau" cov lus txib luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv no thiab sau rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv khau raj, uas yog ywj pheej ntawm RAM thiab nyob hauv NVRAM hloov lub cim xeeb tsis hloov pauv. Thaum lub cuab yeej khau raj, lub kaw lus kuaj xyuas yog tias muaj kev teeb tsa khau raj hauv NVRAM thiab hloov nws mus rau hauv kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm los ntawm kev thauj khoom tsis haum rau hauv RAM. Txhua zaus peb siv cov lus txib "sau", cov kev teeb tsa kev khiav haujlwm raug theej thiab khaws cia hauv NVRAM.
Qhov thib ob txoj hauv kev txuag kev teeb tsa kev teeb tsa yog siv cov lus qub "ua sau" cov lus txib. Yog tias peb siv cov lus txib no, thawj zaug peb yuav tsum nkag mus rau lo lus "copy". Tom qab ntawd, Cisco operating system yuav nug qhov twg koj xav luam cov chaw: los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus ntawm ftp lossis flash, los ntawm kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm lossis los ntawm kev teeb tsa khau raj. Peb xav ua ib daim qauv ntawm cov kev khiav-configuration tsis, yog li peb ntaus cov kab lus no rau hauv txoj hlua. Tom qab ntawd lub kaw lus yuav rov hais dua ib lo lus nug, nug qhov twg los luam cov kev txwv, thiab tam sim no peb qhia txog kev pib-kev teeb tsa. Yog li, peb tau theej cov kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv khau raj teeb tsa.
Koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev nrog cov lus txib no, vim hais tias yog tias koj luam cov kev teeb tsa khau raj rau hauv kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm, uas qee zaum ua tiav thaum teeb tsa tus hloov tshiab, peb yuav rhuav tshem tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv tau ua thiab tau txais khau raj nrog xoom tsis. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog dab tsi thiab qhov twg koj yuav txuag tau tom qab koj tau teeb tsa cov kev teeb tsa hloov pauv. Qhov no yog li cas koj txuag lub configuration, thiab tam sim no, yog hais tias koj reboot lub hloov, nws yuav rov qab mus rau tib lub xeev uas nws yog ua ntej lub reboot.
Yog li, peb tau tshuaj xyuas seb qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm qhov hloov tshiab tau teeb tsa li cas. Kuv paub tias qhov no yog thawj zaug uas koj muaj ntau tus tau pom cov cuab yeej hais kom ua kab interface, yog li nws yuav siv sij hawm qee lub sij hawm los nqus txhua yam uas qhia hauv qhov kev qhia video no. Kuv qhia koj kom saib daim vis dis aus no ob peb zaug kom txog thaum koj nkag siab yuav ua li cas siv cov kev teeb tsa sib txawv, cov neeg siv EXEC hom, muaj cai EXEC hom, hom kev teeb tsa thoob ntiaj teb, yuav ua li cas siv cov kab hais kom nkag mus rau subcommands, hloov lub npe hostname, tsim ib daim chij, thiab lwm yam.
Peb tau npog cov lus txib yooj yim uas koj yuav tsum paub thiab uas tau siv thaum lub sij hawm pib teeb tsa ntawm Cisco ntaus ntawv. Yog tias koj paub cov lus txib rau kev hloov, ces koj paub cov lus txib rau lub router.
Tsuas yog nco ntsoov hom twg txhua yam ntawm cov lus txib yooj yim no tau muab los ntawm. Piv txwv li, lub hostname thiab tus ID nkag mus banner yog ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no configuration, koj yuav tsum tau siv lub console los muab tus password rau lub console, Telnet lo lus zais tau muab rau hauv VTY kab ntawm xoom mus rau 15. Koj yuav tsum siv VLAN interface. tswj tus IP chaw nyob. Koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias "pab kom" feature yog neeg xiam oob qhab los ntawm lub neej ntawd, yog li koj yuav tsum tau ua kom nws los ntawm kev nkag mus rau "tsis muaj kev kaw".
Yog tias koj xav muab lub rooj vag qub, koj nkag mus rau lub ntiaj teb kev teeb tsa hom, siv "ip default-gateway" hais kom ua, thiab muab tus IP chaw nyob rau lub rooj vag. Thaum kawg, koj txuag koj cov kev hloov pauv siv "sau" hais kom ua lossis luam cov kev teeb tsa khiav mus rau cov ntaub ntawv khau raj. Kuv vam tias daim vis dis aus no tau qhia ntau thiab pab koj kom paub peb cov kev kawm online.
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