Lub zog ntawm ultraviolet nyob ntawm lub wavelength, thiab ultraviolet los ntawm ntau qhov chaw muaj qhov sib txawv. Peb yuav sib tham txog qhov twg ntawm lub teeb ci ultraviolet thiab yuav siv lawv li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom cov kab mob bactericidal loj tshaj plaws thaum txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis txaus siab lom.
Rice. 1. Daim duab qhia tias tsis yog tshuaj tua kab mob nrog UVC hluav taws xob, raws li koj xav, tab sis kev cob qhia kev siv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv nrog kev tshawb pom ntawm luminescent me ntsis ntawm kev cob qhia lub cev cov kua hauv UVA rays. UVA yog ib qho mos mos ultraviolet thiab tsis muaj cov kab mob bactericidal. Kaw koj ob lub qhov muag yog qhov tsim nyog ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb, raws li qhov dav dav ntawm UVA fluorescent teeb siv sib tshooj nrog UVB, uas yog teeb meem rau qhov muag (qhov chaw Simon Davis / DFID).
Lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb pom kev sib raug rau lub zog quantum uas qhov kev txiav txim photochemical tsuas yog ua tau. Pom lub teeb quanta excite photochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tshwj xeeb - retina.
Ultraviolet yog qhov tsis pom, nws lub wavelength luv dua, qhov zaus thiab lub zog ntawm quantum yog siab dua, cov hluav taws xob yog hnyav dua, thiab ntau yam kev cuam tshuam photochemical thiab cov teebmeem lom neeg ntau dua.
Ultraviolet sib txawv hauv:
- Ntev-ntev / mos / ze UVA (400...315 nm) zoo ib yam hauv cov khoom kom pom lub teeb;
- Nruab nrab hardness - UVB (315...280 nm);
- Short-wave/ntev-wave/hard β UVC (280β¦100 nm).
Bactericidal nyhuv ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb
Cov kab mob bactericidal yog siv los ntawm lub teeb tawv tawv ultraviolet - UVC, thiab tsawg dua los ntawm nruab nrab-nyuaj ultraviolet lub teeb - UVB. Cov kab mob bactericidal efficiency nkhaus qhia tau hais tias tsuas yog qhov nqaim ntawm 230 ... 300 nm, uas yog, kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm qhov ntau hu ua ultraviolet, muaj cov nyhuv bactericidal meej.
Rice. 2 Bactericidal efficiency nkhaus ntawm []
Quanta nrog wavelengths nyob rau hauv no ntau yog absorbed los ntawm nucleic acids, uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv ntawm DNA thiab RNA. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua cov kab mob bactericidal, uas yog, tua cov kab mob, qhov no muaj kab mob virucidal (antiviral), fungicidal (antifungal) thiab sporicidal (tua spores) cuam tshuam. Qhov no suav nrog kev tua tus kab mob RNA SARS-CoV-2020, uas ua rau muaj kev sib kis xyoo 2.
Cov nyhuv bactericidal ntawm tshav ntuj
Cov nyhuv bactericidal ntawm lub hnub ci yog qhov me me. Cia peb saib lub hnub ci spectrum saum toj no thiab hauv qab cua:
Rice. 3. Spectrum ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob saum huab cua thiab ntawm hiav txwv theem. Qhov hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm ultraviolet ntau yam tsis ncav cuag lub ntiaj teb (qiv los ntawm Wikipedia).
Nws yog tsim nyog them sai sai mus rau saum toj no-atmospheric spectrum highlighted nyob rau hauv daj. Lub zog quantum ntawm sab laug ntug ntawm lub spectrum ntawm supra-atmospheric hnub ci rays nrog ib tug wavelength ntawm tsawg tshaj li 240 nm sib raug mus rau ib tug tshuaj bond zog ntawm 5.1 eV nyob rau hauv lub oxygen molecule "O2". Cov pa oxygen molecular absorbs cov quanta no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tawg, atomic oxygen "O" yog tsim, uas ua ke rov qab rau hauv cov molecules ntawm oxygen "O2" thiab, ib nrab, ozone "O3".
Hnub ci supra-atmospheric UVC tsim ozone nyob rau saum huab cua, hu ua ozone txheej. Cov tshuaj siv hluav taws xob hauv lub ozone molecule qis dua hauv cov pa oxygen molecule thiab yog li ozone absorbs quanta ntawm lub zog qis dua oxygen. Thiab thaum oxygen tsuas absorbs UVC, ozone txheej absorbs UVC thiab UVB. Nws hloov tawm hais tias lub hnub tsim ozone nyob rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub ultraviolet ib feem ntawm lub spectrum, thiab lub ozone no ces absorbs feem ntau ntawm lub hnub lub zog ultraviolet hluav taws xob, tiv thaiv lub ntiaj teb.
Tam sim no, ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov wavelengths thiab nplai, peb yuav muab cov hnub ci spectrum nrog cov spectrum ntawm cov kab mob bactericidal.
Rice. 4 Spectrum ntawm bactericidal kev txiav txim thiab spectrum ntawm hnub ci hluav taws xob.
Nws tuaj yeem pom tias cov kab mob bactericidal ntawm lub hnub ci yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb. Ib feem ntawm cov spectrum muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj cov kab mob bactericidal yog yuav luag tag nrho los ntawm cov cua. Nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm lub xyoo thiab ntawm qhov sib txawv latitudes qhov xwm txheej txawv me ntsis, tab sis zoo sib xws.
Ultraviolet txaus ntshai
Tus thawj coj ntawm ib lub tebchaws loj tau hais tias: "kom kho COVID-19, koj yuav tsum coj lub hnub ci rau hauv lub cev." Txawm li cas los xij, germicidal UV rhuav tshem RNA thiab DNA, suav nrog tib neeg. Yog tias koj "muab tshav ntuj rau hauv lub cev," tus neeg yuav tuag.
Lub epidermis, feem ntau yog stratum corneum ntawm cov hlwb tuag, tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm UVC. Hauv qab txheej txheej epidermal, tsuas yog tsawg dua 1% ntawm UVC hluav taws xob nkag mus [WHO]. Ntev UVB thiab UVA nthwv dej nkag mus rau qhov tob dua.
Yog tias tsis muaj hnub ci ultraviolet hluav taws xob, tej zaum tib neeg yuav tsis muaj cov kab mob epidermis thiab stratum corneum, thiab lub cev ntawm lub cev yuav mucous, zoo li cov qwj. Tab sis txij li thaum tib neeg hloov zuj zus nyob rau hauv lub hnub, tsuas yog qhov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm lub hnub yog mucous. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog cov mucous nto ntawm lub qhov muag, conditionally tiv thaiv los ntawm hnub ci ultraviolet hluav taws xob los ntawm daim tawv muag, plaub muag, pob muag, kev txawj ntse ntawm lub ntsej muag, thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm tsis saib lub hnub.
Thaum lawv thawj zaug kawm los hloov lub lens nrog ib qho khoom tsim, cov kws kho mob tau ntsib nrog cov teeb meem ntawm qhov muag pom. Lawv pib nkag siab txog cov laj thawj thiab pom tias tib neeg lub ntsej muag muaj qhov tsis pom tseeb rau lub teeb ultraviolet thiab tiv thaiv retina. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom siv lo ntsiab muag kuj tau ua opaque rau ultraviolet lub teeb.
Ib daim duab ntawm lub qhov muag nyob rau hauv ultraviolet rays qhia qhov opacity ntawm lub lens rau lub teeb ultraviolet. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob teeb koj lub qhov muag nrog lub teeb ci ultraviolet, txij li lub sijhawm dhau mus, lub lens yuav pos huab, suav nrog vim yog cov koob tshuaj ultraviolet ntau xyoo, thiab yuav tsum tau hloov. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav siv cov kev paub ntawm cov neeg siab tawv uas tsis saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb, ci lub teeb ci ultraviolet ntawm lub wavelength ntawm 365 nm rau hauv lawv lub qhov muag, thiab tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig hauv YouTube.
Rice. 5 Tseem los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv Youtube channel "Kreosan".
Luminescence-inducing ultraviolet flashlights nrog lub wavelength ntawm 365 nm (UVA) yog nrov. Lawv yuav los ntawm cov neeg laus, tab sis inevitably poob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm cov me nyuam. Cov menyuam yaus ci cov teeb ci no rau hauv lawv lub qhov muag thiab saib kom zoo thiab ntev ntev ntawm lub teeb ci ntsa iab. Nws raug nquahu kom tiv thaiv cov kev ua no. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, koj tuaj yeem lees paub koj tus kheej tias cov kab mob cataracts hauv cov kev tshawb fawb nas tau ntseeg tau los ntawm UVB irradiation ntawm lub lens, tab sis cov nyhuv catarogenic ntawm UVA tsis ruaj khov [].
Tab sis qhov tseeb spectrum ntawm kev ua ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb ntawm lub lens tsis paub. Thiab xav tias cataracts yog qhov cuam tshuam qeeb heev, koj xav tau qee qhov kev txawj ntse kom tsis txhob ci ultraviolet rau hauv koj lub qhov muag ua ntej.
Cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub qhov muag ua rau mob sai heev nyob rau hauv lub ultraviolet hluav taws xob, qhov no yog hu ua photokeratitis thiab photoconjunctivitis. Cov mucous daim nyias nyias ua liab, thiab kev xav ntawm "xuab zeb nyob rau hauv ob lub qhov muag" tshwm. Cov nyhuv hnav tawm tom qab ob peb hnub, tab sis rov ua dua tuaj yeem ua rau clouding ntawm lub cornea.
Lub wavelengths ua rau cov teebmeem no sib xws li qhov hnyav ntawm UV phom sij ua haujlwm tau muab rau hauv tus qauv kev nyab xeeb photobiological [IEC 62471] thiab kwv yees li tib yam li cov kab mob germicidal.
Rice. 6 Spectra ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob ua rau photoconjunctivitis thiab photokeratitis los ntawm [] thiab qhov hnyav ua haujlwm ntawm actinic UV teeb meem rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag los ntawm [].
Qhov pib koob tshuaj rau photokeratitis thiab photoconjunctivitis yog 50-100 J / m2, tus nqi no tsis pub tshaj cov koob tshuaj siv tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem tua cov mucous ntawm lub qhov muag nrog lub teeb ultraviolet yam tsis ua rau mob.
Erythema, uas yog, "sunburn," yog qhov txaus ntshai vim muaj hluav taws xob ultraviolet nyob rau thaj tsam li 300 nm. Raws li qee qhov chaw, qhov siab tshaj plaws spectral efficiency ntawm erythema yog nyob ntawm wavelengths txog 300 nm []. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus koob tshuaj uas ua rau pom tsis tshua pom erythema MED (Yam tsawg Erythema Dose) rau ntau hom tawv nqaij ntawm 150 txog 2000 J / m2. Rau cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam nruab nrab, ib qho DER raug suav tias yog tus nqi ntawm 200...300 J / m2.
UVB nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 280-320 nm, nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob ib ncig ntawm 300 nm, ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Tsis muaj qhov pib koob tshuaj; qhov koob tshuaj ntau dua txhais tau tias muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau qeeb.
Rice. 7 UV ua nkhaus ua rau erythema thiab mob qog noj ntshav.
Photoinduced tawv nqaij laus yog tshwm sim los ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm 200...400 nm. Muaj ib daim duab uas paub zoo txog tus neeg tsav tsheb uas tau raug lub hnub ci ultraviolet hluav taws xob feem ntau ntawm sab laug thaum tsav tsheb. Tus neeg tsav tsheb muaj tus cwj pwm ntawm kev tsav tsheb nrog tus tsav tsheb lub qhov rais dov, tab sis sab xis ntawm nws lub ntsej muag raug tiv thaiv los ntawm lub hnub tshav ntuj ultraviolet hluav taws xob los ntawm lub tshuab cua. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hnub nyoog ntsig txog ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug yog qhov zoo siab:
Rice. 8 Daim duab ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb uas tsav tsheb nrog tus tsav lub qhov rais rau 28 xyoo [].
Yog hais tias peb kwv yees kwv yees tias lub hnub nyoog ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm ntau sab ntawm tus neeg lub ntsej muag txawv los ntawm nees nkaum xyoo thiab qhov no yog ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub fact tias nyob rau tib lub nees nkaum xyoo ib sab ntawm lub ntsej muag tau illuminated los ntawm lub hnub, thiab lwm yam. tsis yog, peb tuaj yeem ceev faj txiav txim siab tias ib hnub hauv lub hnub qhib yog ib hnub thiab hnub nyoog ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv [] nws paub tias nyob rau nruab nrab-latitudes nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov nyob rau hauv lub hnub ncaj qha, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus erythemal koob tshuaj ntawm 200 J / m2 yog sau sai tshaj nyob rau hauv ib teev. Sib piv cov duab no nrog cov lus xaus, peb tuaj yeem kos lwm qhov xaus: daim tawv nqaij laus thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab lub sijhawm luv luv nrog cov teeb ci ultraviolet tsis yog qhov txaus ntshai.
Lub teeb ultraviolet xav tau ntau npaum li cas rau kev tua kab mob?
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab hauv huab cua txo qis nrog kev nce qib ntawm cov kab mob ultraviolet. Piv txwv li, koob tshuaj tua 90% ntawm mycobacterium tuberculosis yog 10 J / m2. Ob koob tshuaj tua 99%, peb koob tshuaj tua 99,9%, thiab lwm yam.
Rice. 9 Nyob ntawm qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov muaj sia nyob mycobacterium tuberculosis ntawm koob tshuaj ultraviolet hluav taws xob ntawm lub wavelength ntawm 254 nm.
Lub exponential dependence yog zoo kawg li nyob rau hauv hais tias txawm ib tug me me koob tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau.
Ntawm cov npe hauv [] kab mob kab mob, Salmonella yog qhov tiv taus tshaj plaws rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob. Cov koob tshuaj uas tua 90% ntawm nws cov kab mob yog 80 J / m2. Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas [Kowalski2020], qhov nruab nrab koob tshuaj uas tua 90% ntawm tus mob coronaviruses yog 67 J / m2. Tab sis rau feem ntau cov kab mob no koob tshuaj tsis pub tshaj 50 J / m2. Rau cov laj thawj, koj tuaj yeem nco ntsoov tias tus qauv koob tshuaj tua kab mob nrog 90% kev ua haujlwm yog 50 J / m2.
Raws li cov txheej txheem tam sim no tau pom zoo los ntawm Lavxias Ministry of Health rau kev siv hluav taws xob ultraviolet rau huab cua tua kab mob [] cov tshuaj tua kab mob siab tshaj plaws ntawm "peb cuaj" lossis 99,9% yog xav tau rau chav ua haujlwm, tsev kho mob poj niam, thiab lwm yam. Rau cov chav kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, cov tsev pej xeem, thiab lwm yam. "ib cuaj" yog txaus, uas yog, 90% ntawm cov kab mob puas tsuaj. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias, nyob ntawm qeb ntawm chav tsev, los ntawm ib mus rau peb tus qauv koob tshuaj ntawm 50 ... 150 J / m2 yog txaus.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev kwv yees lub sij hawm irradiation uas yuav tsum tau: cia peb hais tias nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tua cov huab cua thiab qhov chaw hauv chav ntsuas 5 Γ 7 Γ 2,8 meters, uas yog siv Philips TUV 30W qhib lub teeb.
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub teeb qhia tias muaj cov kab mob bactericidal ntawm 12 W []. Nyob rau hauv ib qho zoo tagnrho, tag nrho cov dej ntws mus nruj me ntsis rau qhov chaw raug tshuaj tua kab mob, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib qho teeb meem tiag tiag, ib nrab ntawm cov dej ntws yuav raug nkim yam tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig, piv txwv li, nws yuav ci ntsa iab phab ntsa tom qab lub teeb nrog kev siv ntau dhau. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav suav rau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm 6 watts. Tag nrho cov irradiated nto hauv chav tsev yog pem teb 35 m2 + qab nthab 35 m2 + phab ntsa 67 m2, tag nrho 137 m2.
Qhov nruab nrab, qhov flux ntawm cov kab mob bactericidal poob rau saum npoo yog 6 W / 137 m2 = 0,044 W / m2. Hauv ib teev, uas yog, hauv 3600 vib nas this, cov chaw no yuav tau txais koob tshuaj 0,044 W / m2 Γ 3600 s = 158 J / m2, lossis kwv yees li 150 J / m2. Uas sib haum rau peb koob tshuaj ntawm 50 J / m2 los yog "peb cuaj" - 99,9% bactericidal efficiency, i.e. chav ua haujlwm xav tau. Thiab txij li thaum suav koob tshuaj, ua ntej ntog rau saum npoo, dhau los ntawm qhov ntim ntawm chav tsev, huab cua tau tshuaj tua kab mob tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg.
Yog tias qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj menyuam me thiab "ib cuaj" txaus, rau qhov piv txwv xav tau, peb zaug tsawg dua irradiation lub sijhawm - kwv yees li 20 feeb.
Kev tiv thaiv UV
Qhov kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj tua kab mob ultraviolet yog tawm hauv chav. Nyob ze ntawm lub teeb UV ua haujlwm, tab sis saib deb yuav tsis pab; cov mucous ntawm lub qhov muag tseem irradiated.
Cov iav iav tuaj yeem yog ib feem kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv cov mucous ntawm lub qhov muag. Cov lus qhia categorical "iav tsis xa cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet" tsis raug; rau qee qhov nws ua, thiab ntau hom iav ua rau ntau txoj hauv kev. Tab sis feem ntau, raws li lub wavelength txo qis, qhov kev xa tawm txo qis, thiab UVC kis tau zoo los ntawm quartz iav. Cov tsom iav tsom iav tsis yog quartz nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub.
Peb tuaj yeem ntseeg tau hais tias cov iav lo ntsiab muag uas cim UV400 tsis xa cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet.
Rice. 10 Transmission spectrum of spectacle tsom iav nrog indices UV380, UV400 thiab UV420. Duab los ntawm lub website []
Tsis tas li, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog kev siv cov peev txheej ntawm cov kab mob bactericidal UVC uas tsis tso tawm qhov phom sij, tab sis tsis zoo rau kev tua kab mob, UVB thiab UVA ntau yam.
Ultraviolet cov ntaub ntawv
UV diodes
Feem ntau 365 nm ultraviolet diodes (UVA) yog tsim los rau "tub ceev xwm teeb pom kev zoo" uas tsim cov luminescence kom pom cov kab mob uas tsis pom tsis muaj ultraviolet. Kev tua kab mob nrog cov diodes yog tsis yooj yim sua (saib daim duab 11).
Rau kev tua kab mob, luv-yoj UVC diodes nrog lub wavelength ntawm 265 nm tuaj yeem siv. Tus nqi ntawm lub diode module uas yuav hloov lub teeb mercury bactericidal yog peb qhov kev txiav txim siab ntau dua li tus nqi ntawm lub teeb, yog li hauv kev siv cov kev daws teeb meem no tsis yog siv rau kev tua kab mob loj. Tab sis cov khoom siv compact siv UV diodes tau tshwm sim rau kev tua kab mob ntawm thaj chaw me me - cov twj paj nruag, xov tooj, cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab lwm yam.
Tsawg siab mercury teeb
Lub teeb mercury uas tsis tshua muaj siab yog tus qauv uas txhua qhov chaw sib piv.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm mercury vapor ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab nyob rau hauv cov hluav taws xob tawm ntawm lub wavelength ntawm 254 nm, zoo tagnrho rau kev tua kab mob. Ib feem me me ntawm lub zog yog tawm ntawm lub wavelength ntawm 185 nm, uas ua rau muaj zog ozone. Thiab lub zog me me yog tawm ntawm lwm cov wavelengths, nrog rau qhov pom ntau yam.
Nyob rau hauv cov pa dawb-teeb mercury fluorescent teeb, lub iav ntawm lub teeb tsis xa ultraviolet hluav taws xob tawm los ntawm mercury vapor. Tab sis cov phosphor, cov hmoov dawb ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub hwj, ci nyob rau hauv qhov pom ntau yam nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob.
UVB los yog UVA teeb yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo sib xws, lub iav qhov muag teev tsis xa cov 185 nm ncov thiab lub ncov 254 nm, tab sis cov phosphor nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm luv luv-yoj ultraviolet hluav taws xob tsis emission pom lub teeb, tab sis ntev-yoj ultraviolet. hluav taws xob. Cov no yog cov teeb rau kev siv tshuab. Thiab txij li cov spectrum ntawm UVA teeb zoo ib yam li lub hnub, cov teeb no kuj siv rau tanning. Kev sib piv ntawm cov spectrum nrog cov kab mob bactericidal efficiency nkhaus qhia tau hais tias siv UVB thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog UVA teeb rau tshuaj tua kab mob yog tsis tsim nyog.
Rice. 11 Kev sib piv ntawm cov kab mob bactericidal efficiency nkhaus, lub spectrum ntawm lub teeb UVB, lub spectrum ntawm UVA tanning teeb thiab lub spectrum ntawm 365 nm diode. Lub teeb spectra coj los ntawm American Paint Manufacturers Association lub website [].
Nco ntsoov tias lub spectrum ntawm UVA fluorescent teeb yog dav thiab npog cov UVB ntau yam. Lub spectrum ntawm 365 nm diode yog nqaim ntau, qhov no yog "siab ncaj UVA". Yog tias UVA yuav tsum tau tsim cov luminescence rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj lossis txhawm rau kuaj cov kab mob, siv lub diode muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li siv lub teeb fluorescent ultraviolet.
Lub teeb hluav taws xob qis UVC mercury bactericidal teeb txawv ntawm cov teeb fluorescent nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj phosphor rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub teeb, thiab lub teeb xa cov teeb ci ultraviolet. Lub ntsiab 254 nm kab yog ib txwm kis tau, thiab ozone-tsim 185 nm kab tuaj yeem tso rau hauv lub spectrum ntawm lub teeb lossis tshem tawm los ntawm lub iav qhov muag teev nrog kev xaiv kis.
Rice. 12 Cov emission range yog qhia rau ntawm daim ntawv lo ntawm cov teeb ci ultraviolet. Lub teeb UVC tuaj yeem pom tau los ntawm qhov tsis muaj phosphor ntawm lub teeb.
Ozone muaj cov kab mob bactericidal ntxiv, tab sis yog cov kab mob carcinogen, yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob tos rau ozone rau erode tom qab tshuaj tua kab mob, cov teeb uas tsis yog-ozone-forming tsis muaj 185 nm kab hauv spectrum yog siv. Cov teeb no muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws spectrum - ib txoj kab tseem ceeb nrog cov kab mob bactericidal siab ntawm 254 nm, hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog heev nyob rau hauv cov kab mob uas tsis yog kab mob ultraviolet, thiab me me "cim" hluav taws xob hauv qhov pom ntau yam.
Rice. 13. Lub spectrum ntawm lub teeb qis UVC mercury teeb (muab los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm lumen2b.ru) yog ua ke nrog cov spectrum ntawm hnub ci hluav taws xob (los ntawm Wikipedia) thiab cov kab mob bactericidal efficiency nkhaus (los ntawm ESNA Lighting Handbook []).
Lub teeb xiav ci ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo tso cai rau koj pom tias lub teeb mercury tau qhib thiab ua haujlwm. Lub ci tsis muaj zog, thiab qhov no ua rau kev xav tsis thoob tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb saib lub teeb. Peb tsis xav tias hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv UVC ntau npaum li cas rau 35 ... 40% ntawm tag nrho cov hluav taws xob siv los ntawm lub teeb.
Rice. 14 Ib feem me me ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm mercury vapor yog nyob rau hauv qhov pom thiab pom zoo li lub teeb xiav tsis muaj zog.
Lub teeb bactericidal mercury uas tsis tshua muaj siab muaj lub hauv paus zoo ib yam li lub teeb fluorescent tsis tu ncua, tab sis yog ua los ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv kom lub teeb bactericidal tsis tso rau hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo. Lub teeb rau cov kab mob bactericidal, ntxiv rau nws qhov ntev, yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseeb tias txhua yam yas yog resistant rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob, cov xov hlau los ntawm ultraviolet yog them, thiab tsis muaj diffuser.
Rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov kab mob hauv tsev, tus kws sau ntawv siv lub teeb 15 W bactericidal, yav tas los siv los tua cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm hydroponic installation. Nws cov analogue tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav "Aquarium uv sterilisator". Thaum lub teeb ua haujlwm, ozone raug tso tawm, uas tsis zoo, tab sis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tua kab mob, piv txwv li, khau.
Rice. 15 Lub teeb mercury qis nrog ntau hom puag. Cov duab los ntawm Aliexpress lub vev xaib.
Nruab nrab thiab siab mercury teeb
Ib qho kev nce hauv mercury vapor siab ua rau muaj ntau qhov sib txawv; cov spectrum nthuav dav thiab ntau kab tshwm nyob rau hauv nws, suav nrog ntawm ozone-generating wavelengths. Kev taw qhia txog cov khoom siv ntxiv rau hauv cov mercury ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntau dua ntawm cov spectrum. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm xws li teeb, thiab spectrum ntawm txhua tus yog tshwj xeeb.
Rice. 16 Piv txwv ntawm spectra ntawm nruab nrab thiab siab mercury teeb
Ua kom lub siab txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub teeb. Siv lub npe Aquafineuv ua piv txwv, nruab nrab-siab UVC teeb emit 15-18% ntawm lub zog noj, thiab tsis yog 40% raws li cov teeb hluav taws xob tsawg. Thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv ib watt ntawm UVC ntws yog siab dua [].
Qhov txo qis hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab nce nqi ntawm lub teeb yog them los ntawm nws cov compactness. Piv txwv li, tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov dej ntws los yog ziab ntawm cov kua roj vanish siv ntawm kev kub ceev hauv kev luam ntawv yuav tsum tau cog lus thiab muaj zog; cov nqi tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis tseem ceeb. Tab sis nws tsis raug siv xws li lub teeb rau tshuaj tua kab mob.
UV irradiator ua los ntawm DRL burner thiab DRT teeb
Muaj ib txoj hauv kev "neeg" kom tau txais qhov chaw muaj zog ultraviolet uas pheej yig heev. Lawv tawm mus siv, tab sis lub teeb dawb DRL teeb ntawm 125...1000 W tseem muag. Nyob rau hauv cov teeb no, sab hauv lub hwj muaj ib tug "burner" - ib tug high-pressure mercury teeb. Nws emits broadband ultraviolet lub teeb, uas yog thaiv los ntawm cov iav sab nrauv, tab sis ua rau cov phosphor ntawm nws cov phab ntsa kom ci. Yog tias koj tawg lub khob sab nrauv thiab txuas lub qhov cub rau hauv lub network los ntawm tus qauv choke, koj yuav tau txais lub hwj chim broadband ultraviolet emitter.
Xws li cov emitter hauv tsev muaj qhov tsis zoo: kev ua haujlwm qis dua piv rau cov teeb qis qis, feem ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet nyob sab nraum cov kab mob bactericidal, thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv chav rau qee lub sijhawm tom qab tua lub teeb kom txog thaum ozone tawg lossis ploj.
Tab sis qhov zoo kuj yog undeniable: tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab siab zog nyob rau hauv ib tug compact loj. Ib qho ntawm qhov zoo yog qhov tsim ntawm ozone. Ozone yuav tshuaj tua kab mob rau qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo uas tsis raug ultraviolet rays.
Rice. 17 Ultraviolet irradiator ua los ntawm DRL teeb. Daim duab tau luam tawm nrog kev tso cai los ntawm tus sau, tus kws kho hniav Bulgarian, siv lub irradiator no ntxiv rau tus qauv Philips TUV 30W bactericidal teeb.
Cov khoom siv ultraviolet zoo sib xws rau kev tua kab mob hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov teeb hluav taws xob siab mercury yog siv nyob rau hauv irradiators ntawm OUFK-01 "Solnyshko" hom.
Piv txwv li, rau lub teeb nrov "DRT 125-1" cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus tsis luam tawm cov spectrum, tab sis muab cov tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv: irradiation siv ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 1 m ntawm lub teeb UVA - 0,98 W / m2, UVB - 0,83. W / m2, UVC - 0,72 W / m2, bactericidal flow 8 W, thiab tom qab siv, qhov cua ntawm chav tsev los ntawm ozone yuav tsum tau []. Nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ncaj qha txog qhov sib txawv ntawm DRT teeb thiab DRL burner, cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus teb nyob rau hauv nws blog tias DRT muaj ib tug insulating ntsuab txheej ntawm lub cathodes.
Rice. 18 Broadband ultraviolet qhov chaw - DRT-125 teeb
Raws li cov yam ntxwv tau hais, nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov spectrum yog broadband nrog yuav luag sib npaug ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv cov mos, nruab nrab, thiab tawv ultraviolet, nrog rau cov ozone-generating nyuaj UVC. Cov kab mob bactericidal ntws yog 6,4% ntawm lub zog noj, uas yog, qhov ua tau zoo yog 6 npaug tsawg dua li ntawm lub teeb qis qis.
Cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam tsis tshaj tawm cov spectrum ntawm lub teeb no, thiab tib daim duab nrog cov spectrum ntawm ib qho ntawm DRTs tau nthuav tawm hauv Is Taws Nem. Thawj qhov chaw tsis paub, tab sis qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog hauv UVC, UVB thiab UVA ntau yam tsis sib haum rau cov uas tau tshaj tawm rau DRT-125 teeb. Rau DRT, qhov kwv yees kwv yees sib npaug tau hais, thiab qhov spectrum qhia tau tias UVB lub zog ntau zaus ntau dua li UBC lub zog. Thiab nyob rau hauv UVA nws yog ntau zaus ntau dua nyob rau hauv UVB.
Rice. 19. Spectrum ntawm high-pressure mercury arc teeb, uas feem ntau qhia txog cov spectrum ntawm DRT-125, dav siv rau kev kho mob.
Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov teeb uas muaj qhov sib txawv thiab cov mercury additives tawm txawv me ntsis. Nws kuj tseem yog qhov tseeb tias tus neeg siv khoom tsis paub yog xav txog nws tus kheej xav txog cov yam ntxwv xav tau thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, tau txais kev ntseeg siab raws li nws qhov kev xav, thiab ua kev yuav khoom. Thiab kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov spectrum ntawm ib lub teeb tshwj xeeb yuav ua rau muaj kev sib tham, sib piv thiab cov lus xaus.
Tus sau ib zaug yuav ib qho kev teeb tsa OUFK-01 nrog lub teeb DRT-125 thiab siv nws rau ob peb xyoos los ntsuas UV tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom yas. Kuv irradiated ob yam khoom nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug ntawm cov uas yog ib tug tswj ib tug ua los ntawm ultraviolet-resistant yas, thiab saib qhov twg yuav tig daj sai. Rau xws li ib daim ntawv thov, kev paub txog qhov tseeb ntawm cov spectrum yog tsis tsim nyog; nws tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub emitter yuav broadband. Tab sis vim li cas thiaj siv broadband ultraviolet lub teeb yog tias xav tau tshuaj tua kab mob?
Lub hom phiaj ntawm OUFK-01 hais tias irradiator yog siv rau cov txheej txheem mob inflammatory. Ntawd yog, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij tshaj qhov ua tau raug mob ntawm broadband ultraviolet hluav taws xob. Obviously, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog zoo dua los siv nqaim-band ultraviolet, tsis muaj wavelengths nyob rau hauv lub spectrum uas muaj kev cuam tshuam lwm yam tshaj li bactericidal.
Cua tua kab mob
Ultraviolet lub teeb yog suav tias yog ib qho kev tsis txaus rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob, vim tias cov rays tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov twg, piv txwv li, cawv nkag mus. Tab sis lub teeb ultraviolet zoo disinfects huab cua.
Thaum txham thiab hnoos, cov tee dej ob peb micrometers loj yog tsim, uas dai hauv huab cua los ntawm ob peb feeb mus rau ob peb teev []. Kev tshawb fawb tuberculosis tau pom tias ib qho aerosol poob txaus txaus ua rau kis kab mob.
Ntawm txoj kev peb kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb vim muaj qhov ntim loj thiab kev txav mus los ntawm huab cua, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam thiab tua kab mob txhua qhov txham nrog lub sijhawm thiab hnub ci hluav taws xob. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv metro, thaum qhov feem pua ββββntawm cov neeg muaj tus kab mob me me, tag nrho cov huab cua ntawm ib tus neeg muaj mob loj, thiab qhov cua zoo ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob me me. Qhov chaw txaus ntshai tshaj plaws thaum muaj kab mob kis thoob ntiaj teb yog lub elevator. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg txham yuav tsum raug cais tawm, thiab huab cua hauv cov chaw pej xeem uas muaj qhov cua tsis txaus yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Recirculators
Ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv rau kev tua kab mob yog kaw UV recyclers. Cia peb tham txog ib qho ntawm cov recirculators - "Dezar 7", paub txog kev pom txawm nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm thawj tus neeg ntawm lub xeev.
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub recirculator hais tias nws tshuab 100 m3 ib teev twg thiab yog tsim los kho ib chav nrog ib tug ntim ntawm 100 m3 (kwv yees li 5 Γ 7 Γ 2,8 meters).
Txawm li cas los xij, lub peev xwm los tua kab mob 100 m3 ntawm huab cua ib teev twg tsis tau txhais hais tias huab cua hauv chav 100 m3 ib teev yuav raug kho kom zoo. Cov cua kho tau dilutes cov pa qias neeg, thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no nws nkag mus rau lub recirculator dua thiab dua. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim kom tau ib tug lej qauv thiab xam cov efficiency ntawm xws li ib tug txheej txheem:
Rice. 20 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm UV recirculator ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob hauv huab cua hauv chav tsis muaj qhov cua.
Txhawm rau txo qhov concentration ntawm cov kab mob hauv huab cua los ntawm 90%, lub recirculator yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntev tshaj li ob teev. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov cua hauv chav, qhov no ua tau. Tab sis feem ntau tsis muaj chav nrog tib neeg thiab tsis muaj qhov cua. Piv txwv li, [] tau tshaj tawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus sab nraum zoov huab cua txaus rau qhov cua ntawm 3 m3 ib teev twg rau 1 m2 ntawm chav tsev. Qhov no sib raug rau kev hloov pauv huab cua ib zaug ib teev thiab ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm recirculator tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Yog tias peb xav txog cov qauv tsis yog kev sib xyaw ua tiav, tab sis ntawm cov dav hlau laminar uas dhau los ntawm qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov hauv chav tsev thiab nkag mus rau hauv qhov cua, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tua kab mob ib qho ntawm cov dav hlau no tseem tsawg dua hauv cov qauv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua tiav.
Txawm li cas los xij, UV recirculator tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li lub qhov rais qhib.
Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj rau kev ua haujlwm qis ntawm cov recirculators yog tias cov kab mob bactericidal yog qhov me me ntawm txhua watt ntawm UV ntws. Lub beam mus txog 10 centimeters nyob rau hauv lub installation, thiab ces yog reflected los ntawm txhuas nrog ib tug coefficient ntawm txog k = 0,7. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txoj kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kab teeb hauv kev teeb tsa yog li ntawm ib nrab ib 'meter', tom qab ntawd nws absorbed yam tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Rice. 21. Tseem los ntawm YouTube yeeb yaj kiab uas qhia txog cov khoom siv rov ua dua. Cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm aluminium yog pom, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ultraviolet hluav taws xob ntau dua li pom lub teeb [].
Lub teeb kab mob tua kab mob, uas dai qhib rau ntawm phab ntsa hauv chaw kho mob thiab qhib los ntawm tus kws kho mob raws li lub sijhawm, muaj ntau zaus ntau dua. Cov rays los ntawm lub teeb qhib mus txog ob peb meters, tua kab mob ua ntej huab cua thiab tom qab ntawd ntog.
Cua irradiators nyob rau sab sauv ntawm chav tsev
Hauv cov tsev kho mob cov tsev kho mob uas cov neeg mob pw hauv txaj tas li tam sim no, UV units qee zaum siv los ua kom cov cua ntws tawm hauv qab qab nthab. Lub ntsiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kev teeb tsa no yog cov grille npog lub teeb tso cai tsuas yog cov rays dhau mus nruj me ntsis hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, absorbing ntau tshaj 90% ntawm qhov seem uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem tshuab cua los ntawm xws li irradiator los tsim ib lub recirculator nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tab sis qhov no tsis ua tiav, tej zaum yog vim tsis kam muaj plua plav accumulator hauv chav.
Rice. 22 Ceiling-mounted UV cua irradiator, duab los ntawm qhov chaw [].
Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tiv thaiv cov neeg hauv chav los ntawm kev ncaj qha ntawm cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet, tab sis cov dej ntws uas dhau los ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tsoo lub qab nthab thiab phab ntsa thiab diffusely reflected, nrog rau kev xav coefficient txog li 10%. Chav tsev yog ntim nrog omnidirectional ultraviolet hluav taws xob thiab cov neeg tau txais ib koob tshuaj ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob proportional rau lub sij hawm siv nyob rau hauv chav tsev.
Reviewers thiab sau
Cov kws tshuaj xyuas:
Artyom Balabanov, electronics engineers, tsim tawm ntawm UV curing systems;
Rumen Vasilev, Ph.D., teeb pom kev zoo engineer, OOD "Interlux", Bulgaria;
Vadim Grigorov, biophysicist;
Stanislav Lermontov, teeb pom kev zoo engineer, Complex Systems LLC;
Alexey Pankrashkin, Ph.D., Associate Professor, semiconductor lighting engineering thiab photonics, INTECH Engineering LLC;
Andrey Khramov, tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev tsim teeb pom kev zoo rau cov tsev kho mob;
Vitaly Tsvirko, tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw kuaj teeb pom kev zoo "TSSOT NAS ntawm Belarus"
Author: Anton Sharakshane, Ph.D., teeb pom kev zoo engineer thiab biophysicist, Thawj Moscow State Medical University muaj npe tom qab. KUV. Sechenov
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[LEEJ TWG] World Health Organization. Ultraviolet Radiation: Kev tshuaj xyuas kev tshawb fawb txog ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm UV hluav taws xob, nrog rau kev siv lub ntiaj teb ozone depletion.
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[R 3.5.1904-04] R 3.5.1904-04 Kev siv cov kab mob ultraviolet bactericidal hluav taws xob tua kab mob hauv tsev
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Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com