Nruab Linux desktop ntawm Android

Hlo Habr! Kuv nthuav qhia rau koj mloog ib qho kev txhais lus ntawm ib tsab xov xwm los ntawm APC magazine.

Kab lus no suav nrog kev teeb tsa ua tiav ntawm Linux chaw ua haujlwm nrog rau cov duab duab duab ib puag ncig ntawm Android khoom siv.

Ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb uas ntau ntawm Linux systems ntawm Android siv yog pRoot. Qhov no yog qhov siv qhov chaw siv ntawm chroot utility uas nrov heev ntawm Linux desktops thiab servers. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cuab yeej chroot xav tau cov neeg siv hauv paus txoj cai, uas tsis muaj los ntawm lub neej ntawd ntawm Android. pRoot, ntawm qhov tod tes, muab qhov txiaj ntsig no los ntawm kev tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke.

Linux terminals

Tsis yog txhua qhov Linux davhlau ya nyob twg emulators rau Android muaj cov khoom siv BusyBox, tsis zoo li, piv txwv li, Termux. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov tseeb tias tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuab no yog muab "tag nrho" kev teeb tsa ntawm tag nrho OS Cheebtsam, thaum BusyBox yog tsim los nqa tag nrho cov khoom siv siv ntau rau hauv ib daim ntawv binary. Ntawm cov tshuab uas tsis muaj BusyBox ntsia, lub bootloader rau Linux yog siv, uas muaj tag nrho cov versions ntawm cov kev pab cuam.
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Teem tus ID nkag mus thiab lo lus zais rau kev faib khoom thiab VNC hauv UserLand.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuab no muaj cov thev naus laus zis ntxiv uas tsis tas yuav Termux. Kab lus no yuav hais txog kev teeb tsa ua tiav ntawm Linux faib nrog rau GUI desktop. Tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum xaiv ib txoj hauv kev rau nruab qhov system graphics.

Linux ntawm Android

Raws li tau hais ua ntej, cov pob software peb yuav txhim kho khiav hauv cov neeg siv qhov chaw.

Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv tsuas muaj kev tso cai rau cov neeg siv tam sim no, uas nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm Android OS yog ib txwm siv ib txwm siv, i.e. tsis muaj txoj cai tswj hwm. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau txhim kho Linux desktop, peb yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob xws li X lossis Wayland. Yog tias peb tau ua qhov no hauv Linux ib puag ncig kev ua haujlwm, ces nws yuav pib ua tus neeg siv ib txwm, yam tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau qib graphical ntawm Android OS. Thiab yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum saib rau kev txhim kho cov neeg rau zaub mov hauv "txheej txheem" ​​hauv txoj hauv kev, kom nws nkag mus rau cov khoom siv kho vajtse thiab muaj peev xwm tswj tau ib puag ncig graphical.

Cov neeg ntse hauv zej zog tsim tawm tuaj nrog ob txoj kev daws teeb meem no. Thawj yog siv koj tus kheej versions ntawm Linux (feem ntau yog X server). Tom qab lawv pib ua haujlwm hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, koj yuav nkag mus rau cov txheej txheem keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm VNC. Yog tias koj twb muaj VNC tus saib ntawm koj lub cuab yeej hauv Android los cuam tshuam nrog lwm lub khoos phis tawj nyob deb, tsuas yog siv nws nkag mus rau tus tswv hauv zos remotely. Qhov no yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem yooj yim, txawm li cas los xij, qee cov neeg siv qhia tias muaj teeb meem nrog qhov program.

Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog rau nruab ib lub server tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv hauv Android. Qee cov servers muaj nyob rau ntawm Play Store hauv kev them nyiaj thiab dawb versions. Ua ntej txhim kho, koj yuav tsum xyuas seb qhov kev xaiv tau txais kev txhawb nqa, lossis tsawg kawg ua haujlwm nrog Linux rau Android software pob uas koj yuav tau nruab. Peb nyiam X-Server system, thiab yog li siv XServer XSDL software pob (txuas). Kab lus no yuav piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa rau lub server no, txawm hais tias nws yuav txawv me ntsis yog tias koj muaj lwm daim ntawv thov lossis yog tias koj siv VNC.

Kev xaiv qhov system

Raws li nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm X-Servers, muaj ntau daim ntawv thov hauv Play Store rau kev txhim kho kev faib tawm ntawm Linux system. Ntawm no, nrog rau Termux, peb yuav tsom mus rau cov kev xaiv uas tsis tas yuav muaj kev nkag mus rau hauv paus, uas ua rau muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo. Cov ntawv thov no muab tag nrho cov haujlwm uas feem ntau cov neeg siv xav tau thaum khaws koj cov ntaub ntawv kom nyab xeeb. Hauv qab no yog cov piv txwv ntawm xws li apps hauv Play Store:

- UserLand: Ib qho kev xaiv nrov heev ntawm cov neeg siv. Daim ntawv thov suav nrog cov txheej txheem sib faib: Debian, Ubuntu, Arch thiab Kali. Curiously, txawm tias tsis muaj RPM-raws li kev xaiv, UserLand suav nrog Alpine Linux rau cov khoom siv nrog lub cim xeeb tsawg.

- anlinux: Daim ntawv thov no pab txhim kho ib lossis ntau cov npe ntawm kev faib khoom loj thiab tuaj yeem suav nrog Ubuntu / Debian, Fedora / CentOS, openSUSE thiab txawm Kali. Nyob ntawd koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov kev xaiv uas tsis tshua muaj nqi: Xfce4, MATE, LXQtand LXDE. Nws xav tau Termux los nruab, thiab Android operating system yuav tsum yog los ntawm 5.0 thiab siab dua.

- Andronix zoo ib yam li AnLinux. Tejzaum nws tsim tau zoo dua li daim ntawv thov yav dhau los, tab sis txhawb kev faib khoom tsawg dua.

- GNURoot WheezyX: Txoj haujlwm no tau pib ua qhov sib txawv ntawm Linux ntawm Android thiab tau tsim los rau qhib qhov software. Raws li lub npe qhia, nws tsom mus rau Debian kev faib tawm, thaum lub 'X' thaum kawg txhais tau hais tias daim ntawv thov yog graphical desktop oriented. Thiab txawm tias qhov tseeb tias cov neeg tsim khoom tau tso tseg txoj haujlwm tsim kho rau lub hom phiaj ntawm UserLand, GNURoot WheezyX tseem muaj nyob hauv Play Store yog tias leej twg xav tau.

Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm tsab xov xwm no yuav siv UserLand app rau nruab Linux desktop ntawm Android, thiab muaj ntau yam laj thawj rau qhov no. Ua ntej, daim ntawv thov yog qhib qhov chaw (txawm hais tias AnLinux muaj nws ib yam nkaus). Qhov thib ob, nws muaj cov txheej txheem kev faib khoom zoo (txawm tias nws tsis suav nrog Fedora lossis CentOS), thiab nws kuj tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho kev faib khoom nrog cov kev cai tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsis siv ntau qhov chaw hauv lub xov tooj smartphone. Tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm UserLand yog tias nws muaj cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa rau kev txhim kho tus kheej daim ntawv thov hloov pauv tag nrho. Peb mam li paub meej tias qhov no txhais li cas rau peb tom qab. Tam sim no cia peb nruab UserLand ntawm koj lub cuab yeej.

Application UserLand

Rub tawm lub app los ntawm Google Play lossis F-Droid (txuas) Android OS. Nws nruab zoo li lwm daim ntawv thov - tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua ntawm no. Tom qab ntawd qhib nws los ntawm daim ntawv thov tub rau khoom.

Thawj qhov uas koj yuav pom muaj cov npe ntawm kev faib khoom. Thaum kawg, koj tuaj yeem pom ob peb lub desktop xaiv: LXDE thiab Xfce4. Rounding nws tawm yog Firefox app, ob peb qhov kev ua si, thiab ob peb lub chaw ua haujlwm: GIMP, Inkscape, thiab LibreOffice. Lub tab no hu ua Applications. Nws yog tsim los rau nruab daim ntawv thov.

Tom qab koj nruab ib yam dab tsi, ib qho kev nkag mus txog nws yuav tshwm sim ntawm "Session" tab. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pib lossis nres qhov kev sib tham tam sim no, nrog rau saib cov txheej txheem khiav.

"Filesystems" yog lub tab kawg uas qhia tau hais tias ua tiav kev teeb tsa. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias tom qab koj rho tawm ib lub ntsiab lus los ntawm Filesystems, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws yuav raug tshem tawm ntawm Session tab, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tsis ua pov thawj lwm yam. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov kev sib tham tshiab raws li cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no. Kev nkag siab txog qhov kev sib raug zoo no ua haujlwm yooj yim dua yog tias koj pom nws ua haujlwm, yog li peb yuav pib los ntawm kev txhim kho daim ntawv thov hauv UserLand system ib puag ncig.


Ua ntej koj nruab cov khoom siv faib khoom ntawm koj lub smartphone, koj yuav tsum muab UserLand nkag mus rau qhov chaw cia.

Kev faib tawm hauv UserLand

Xaiv ib qho ntawm cov kev faib khoom nyob rau ntawm Apps screen rau nruab rau koj lub cuab yeej. Peb yuav siv Ubuntu ua piv txwv. Nyem rau ntawm lub cim coj mus rau ib lub rooj sib tham nug rau tus neeg siv lub npe, tus password, thiab VNC lo lus zais. Tom qab ntawd xaiv txoj kev uas koj yuav nkag mus rau qhov kev faib tawm. Lub download yuav pib, thaum lub sij hawm lub hauv paus duab ntawm cov xaiv faib yuav raug siv. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug muab tshem tawm hauv UserLand directory.

Thaum lub download tiav, rov qab mus rau xterm davhlau ya nyob twg emulator. Koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov kev pabcuam hais kom paub seb qhov version ntawm Linux koj tau nruab:

uname –a

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog txhawm rau nruab lub desktop siv Ubuntu kev siv hluav taws xob hais kom ua:

sudo apt install lxde

Cov kauj ruam kawg yog kom paub tseeb tias koj lub desktop ib puag ncig tshiab tau npaj ua haujlwm. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum hloov cov ntaub ntawv .xinitrcfile, uas tam sim no tsuas muaj ib kab xwb /usr/bin/twm. Nws yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau /usr/bin/startlxde. Tam sim no tawm ntawm XSDL kev sib kho (kom paub tseeb tias nyem lub pob STOP hauv cheeb tsam ceeb toom), tuav lub "Ubuntu npe" khawm ntawm Sessions tab, tom qab ntawd nyem "Stop Sessions" thiab rov pib cov ntu. Tom qab ob peb feeb, LXDE system ib puag ncig yuav tsum tshwm sim. Hauv nws, koj tuaj yeem ua tib yam li ntawm lub desktop tsis tu ncua. Nws tsuas yog me ntsis me me thiab qeeb me ntsis: koj yuav tsum tau tos ntev dua los nias lub pob ntawm lub cuab yeej dua li yog tias koj tau ua nrog cov keyboard thiab nas. Cia peb pom qhov tshwj xeeb peb tuaj yeem txhim kho Linux system ib puag ncig ntawm lub smartphone.

Phau ntawv ceev rau UserLand

Kev soj ntsuam ze ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub desktop qhia txog kev ua si tiag tiag ntawm lub desktop version. Yog tias koj siv UserLand ntawm ib lub cuab yeej nrog cov keyboard thiab nas (txawm yog txuas nrog ntawm Bluetooth lossis lwm yam), nws yuav yooj yim rau koj los kho siv Linux system ib puag ncig hauv hom ntawv no. Tsuas yog qee qhov lag luam me, uas los ntawm qhov tseeb tias X-Windows tus cursor yog synchronized nrog tus cursor hauv Android, txhua yam ua haujlwm zoo.

Tej zaum thawj qhov uas koj xav ua yog kho lub neej ntawd font system, vim hais tias lub desktop font loj dhau rau lub xov tooj screen. Mus rau cov ntawv qhia zaub mov tseem ceeb, tom qab ntawd xaiv "Settings" → "Customize tsos thiab widgets" → "Widget". Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov loj me ntawm font rau qee yam tsim nyog rau koj lub xov tooj.

Tom ntej no, tej zaum koj yuav xav nruab koj nyiam cov kev pab cuam ntawm Linux system ib puag ncig. Raws li tau hais los saum no, cov kev pabcuam yuav tsis ua haujlwm rau qhov no, yog li xav siv lub cuab yeej tseem ceeb uas tau teeb tsa hauv UserLand system ib puag ncig hu ua ASAP:

sudo apt install emacs

Kev faib tawm hauv daim ntawv thov raug nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib tham. Koj tuaj yeem pib thiab kaw lawv.

Tom qab txhim kho qhov kev faib tawm, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv ib puag ncig desktop nrog cov lus txib txheem.

Tej zaum koj kuj yuav xav tau lwm txoj kev sib txuas rau koj qhov kev faib tawm. Tsuas yog vim tias koj pib teeb tsa XSDL tsis txhais tau tias nws yuav tsum zoo ib yam txhua lub sijhawm. Koj tuaj yeem tsim lwm tus account ntawm Session tab thiab xaiv lwm tus neeg rau zaub mov. Tsuas yog nco ntsoov taw tes rau tib lub kaw lus. UserLand yuav sim coj koj mus rau daim ntawv thov raug los tsim ib hom kev sib txuas tshiab: xws li XSDL, ConnectBot rau SSH, lossis bVNC.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev pheej hmoo uas lub app cia li coj koj mus rau Play Store thaum koj sim rov txuas dua tuaj yeem cuam tshuam. Txhawm rau nres qhov no, nws txaus los hloov lub server los ntawm kev txhim kho daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau nruab SSH, xaiv qhov qub VX ConnectBot. Tsuas yog nkag mus rau hauv chaw nres nkoj 2022 ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm nrog koj tus username thiab password. Txhawm rau txuas rau VNC neeg rau zaub mov, txhua yam koj yuav tsum tau ua yog teeb tsa kev lag luam, tab sis ntau txoj hauv kev nce qib Jump Desktop daim ntawv thov, thiab hu rau qhov chaw nyob 127.0.0.1: 5951.

Peb cia siab tias koj nco qab VNC lo lus zais uas koj tau teeb tsa thaum koj tsim cov ntaub ntawv.
Koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau UserLand tam sim no siv cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws ntawm lwm lub khoos phis tawj ntawm koj lub network. Nws yog txaus los txuas SSH mus rau kev sib tham khiav (nrog kev sib txuas hom SSH, tau kawg) siv lub davhlau ya nyob twg Linux, xws li Konsole, lossis txuas rau VNC kev sib ntsib siv KRDC. Tsuas yog hloov cov chaw nyob hauv zos ntawm koj lub computer screen nrog koj Android tus IP chaw nyob.

Ua ke nrog ob peb daim ntawv thov nqa tau yooj yim, qhov kev teeb tsa no yuav muab rau koj ib qho yooj yim portable Linux system uas koj tuaj yeem txuas rau siv txhua lub khoos phis tawj koj muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm no.

Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com