Lus Qhia Tshab
Nws tau 2 hnub txij li qhov kev tso tawm tshiab ntawm CentOS operating system, uas yog CentOS 8. Thiab txog tam sim no muaj ob peb nqe lus hauv Is Taws Nem txog yuav ua li cas ua tiav hauv nws, yog li kuv txiav txim siab los sau qhov sib txawv no. Ntxiv mus, kuv yuav qhia rau koj tsis yog hais txog yuav ua li cas rau nruab no khub ntawm cov kev pab cuam, tab sis kuj hais txog yuav ua li cas kuv feem ntau pom txhim kho Linux nyob rau hauv ib tug virtual ib puag ncig nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub rau cov hauj lwm raug, suav nrog partitioning disks thiab hais txog.
Tab sis thaum pib, kuv xav tham luv luv txog vim li cas nws thiaj li tsim nyog hloov mus rau qhov no los ntawm tag nrho cov dhau los, thiab muaj ob qho laj thawj rau qhov no:
- php7 ua! Hauv yav dhau los version ntawm CentOS, "Orthodox" php5.4 tau teeb tsa ...
Okay, ua rau me ntsis loj dua, ntau pob khoom dhia los ntawm ntau lub versions en masse. Peb (cov kiv cua ntawm redhat-zoo li OSes) tau nkag mus thaum kawg, yog tias tsis mus rau yav tom ntej, ces tsawg kawg mus rau tam sim no. Thiab Ubuntu cov neeg txhawb nqa yuav tsis luag rau peb thiab taw tes rau peb, zoo ... tsawg kawg ib ntus ;).
- PΕevod UAX na DMF Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog tias tam sim no nws tau raug lees paub los ua haujlwm nrog ntau lub versions ntawm pob ib zaug. Txoj cai nyob rau hauv yim, kuv tsis tau pom qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis nws suab zoo.
Tsim lub tshuab virtual
Muaj cov hypervisors sib txawv thiab kuv tsis muaj lub hom phiaj los kho tus nyeem ntawv rau ib qho tshwj xeeb, Kuv yuav qhia koj txog cov ntsiab lus dav dav.
nco
Ua ntej ... Txhawm rau nruab CentOS system pib ntawm 7 kom paub meej, thiab hauv kuv lub tswv yim qhov no kuj yog qhov teeb meem hauv 6 ("tab sis qhov no tsis paub meej"), koj xav tau yam tsawg 2 GB RAM. Yog li ntawd, kuv qhia koj kom muab ntau npaum li ntawd ua ntej.
Tab sis yog tias muaj dab tsi, tom qab kev teeb tsa lub cim xeeb tuaj yeem txo qis. Ntawm 1 GB lub cev liab qab ua haujlwm zoo heev, kuv tau kuaj xyuas.
disk
Rau kev teeb tsa ib txwm, koj yuav tsum tsim lub disk virtual nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 20-30 GB. Qhov no txaus rau qhov system. Thiab ib tug thib ob disk rau cov ntaub ntawv. Nws tuaj yeem ntxiv ob qho tib si ntawm theem ntawm kev tsim lub tshuab virtual thiab tom qab. Kuv feem ntau ntxiv nws tom qab.
processor
Ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb, lub cev liab qab tsis qeeb. Thiab txij li thaum cov kev pab cuam yog dawb do scalable, kuv tsis pom ib qho taw qhia nyob rau hauv muab ntau nyob rau hauv lub installation theem (tshwj tsis yog koj paub cov kev cai zoo kawg nkaus thiab tub nkeeg dhau mus rau hauv lub configurator dua)
Tus so feem ntau tuaj yeem raug tso tseg raws li lub neej ntawd.
Qhov tseeb installation
Yog li ... Cia peb pib lub installer... Tus kheej, kuv tau txhim kho cov kev pabcuam no tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuab virtual tau ntev, yog li kuv yuav tsis piav qhia txhua hom kev faib cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub flash drive - Kuv tsuas yog mount. lub ISO raws li ib tug CD nyob rau hauv kuv nyiam hypervisor, download tau thiab mus.
Qhov yooj yim installation yog heev raug, kuv yuav tsuas nyob rau ob peb lub ntsiab lus.
Qhov chaw xaiv
Txij li thaum tso tawm ntawm yim version, daim iav los ntawm Yandex tau dag ib hnub. Zoo, uas yog, nws ib ntus nce, thiab tom qab ntawd rov pib qhia qhov yuam kev. Kuv paub tseeb tias nws yog vim kev thauj khoom ntau dhau ntawm qhov kev pabcuam. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau qhia qhov chaw, kuv tus kheej yuav tsum, tsis txhob nkag mus rau qhov chaw nyob li ib txwm, mus , xaiv daim iav uas kuv nyiam nyob ntawd thiab manually sau qhov chaw nyob hauv lub qhov rais installer. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm no tias koj yuav tsum tau qhia txoj hauv kev mus rau lub nplaub tshev uas cov npe nyob repodataCov. Piv txwv .
Disk partitioning
Lo lus nug no yog kev ntseeg ntau dua li kuv xav. Txhua tus admin muaj nws tus kheej txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Tab sis kuv tseem yuav qhia kuv qhov kev xav ntawm qhov teeb meem.
Yog lawm, hauv paus ntsiab lus, koj tuaj yeem faib tag nrho qhov chaw rau hauv paus thiab nws yuav ua haujlwm, feem ntau txawm zoo heev. Vim li cas ho laj laj ib lub vaj nrog ntau seem? - Hauv kuv lub tswv yim, muaj ob lub laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov no: quotas thiab portability.
Piv txwv li, yog hais tias ib yam dab tsi mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm thiab ua yuam kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab cov ntaub ntawv muab faib, koj xav kom muaj peev xwm tseem boot lub system thiab nqa tawm kev ntsuas resuscitation. Yog li ntawd, kuv tus kheej faib cais cais rau / khau raj. Nws muaj ib tug kernel thiab bootloader. Feem ntau 500 megabytes yog txaus, tab sis nyob rau hauv tsis tshua muaj tej zaum yuav xav tau ntau, thiab muab hais tias peb twb accustomed rau ntsuas qhov chaw nyob rau hauv terabytes, kuv faib 2GB rau seem no. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog tias nws ua tsis tau lvm.
Tom ntej no yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub system. Rau kev teeb tsa ib txwm, kuv yeej tsis xav tau ntau dua 4 GB rau ib lub kaw lus, tab sis thaum lub sijhawm teem sijhawm kuv feem ntau siv / tmp phau ntawv qhia kom tshem tawm cov kev faib tawm, thiab kuv tsis pom ib qho twg hauv kev muab nws faib rau ib qho kev faib tawm - hauv cov tshuab niaj hnub. nws yog ntxuav tau, yog li nws tsis puv. Yog li kuv faib 8GB rau hauv paus.
Swap... Los ntawm thiab loj, muaj me ntsis tswv yim siv los ntawm nws. Yog tias koj pib siv swap ntawm koj lub server, niaj hnub no hauv ntiaj teb tiag no tsuas yog txhais tau tias tus neeg rau zaub mov xav tau ntxiv RAM ntxiv. Txwv tsis pub, cov teeb meem nrog kev ua tau zoo yog lav (lossis qee qhov kev pab cuam "txo" nco). Yog li, ntu no tsuas yog xav tau rau kev kuaj mob nkaus xwb. Yog li, 2 GB yog tus lej zoo heev. Yog, tsis hais lub cim xeeb npaum li cas ntawm lub server. Yog lawm, kuv nyeem tag nrho cov ntawv uas nws tau sau txog qhov piv ntawm lub cim xeeb ntim rau kev sib pauv ntim ... IMHO, lawv yog outdated. Hauv 10 xyoo ntawm kev xyaum kuv yeej tsis xav tau qhov no. 15 xyoo dhau los kuv tau siv lawv, yog.
IMHO, txhua tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab rau lawv tus kheej seb puas yuav faib / tsev rau hauv ib qho kev faib cais. Yog tias ib tus neeg ntawm lub server yuav nquag siv cov npe no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los faib nws. Yog tsis muaj leej twg, tsis muaj kev xav tau.
Tom ntej no, /var. Hauv kuv lub tswv yim, nws yuav tsum tau hais meej meej. Pib nrog, koj tuaj yeem txwv koj tus kheej mus rau 4 GB, thiab saib seb nws mus li cas. Thiab yog, los ntawm "yuav ua li cas mus" kuv txhais li ntawd
- Ua ntej, koj tuaj yeem txuas lwm disk hauv /var subdirectory (uas kuv yuav qhia tom qab nrog piv txwv)
- Qhov thib ob, peb muaj lvm - koj tuaj yeem ntxiv nws ib txwm. Thiab feem ntau koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv nws thaum muaj ntau lub cav pib nchuav rau hauv. Tab sis kuv yeej tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees daim duab no ua ntej, yog li kuv pib nrog 2 GB thiab tom qab ntawd saib.
Qhov chaw tsis muab faib yuav nyob twj ywm dawb hauv pawg ntim thiab tuaj yeem siv tau tom qab.
LVM
Tag nrho Nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab ua cov partitions uas tsis yog / khau raj hauv LVM. Yog, suav nrog kev sib pauv. Yog lawm, raws li tag nrho cov lus qhia, kev sib pauv yuav tsum yog thaum pib ntawm lub disk, tab sis nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm LVM nws qhov chaw tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hauv txoj cai. Tab sis raws li kuv tau sau saum toj no, koj qhov system yuav tsum tsis txhob siv swap txhua. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis muaj teeb meem nws nyob qhov twg. Zoo, peb tsis nyob hauv '95, ncaj ncees!
Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv LVM muaj ntau lub koom haum uas koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nyob nrog:
- lub cev ntim
- pawg ntim
- logical ntim
Lub cev ntim tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv pawg, thiab txhua lub cev ntim tuaj yeem nyob hauv ib pawg nkaus xwb, thiab ib pab pawg tuaj yeem nyob ntawm ntau lub cev ntim ib zaug.
Thiab cov logical ntim yog txhua tus hauv ib pawg.
Tab sis ... Damn, nws yog lub xyoo pua 21st dua. Thiab cov servers yog virtual. Nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los siv rau lawv tib lub tswv yim uas tau siv rau lub cev. Thiab rau cov virtual nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj cov ntaub ntawv cais tawm ntawm lub system! Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau lub peev xwm hloov cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lwm lub tshuab virtual (piv txwv li, thaum hloov mus rau OS tshiab) thiab feem ntau rau txhua yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ( cais cov thaub qab los ntawm kev faib khoom siv cov cuab yeej hypervisor, piv txwv li) . Yog li ntawd, ib pawg ntim yog siv rau lub kaw lus thiab yuav tsum tau siv rau cov ntaub ntawv! Qhov kev faib cov ntsiab lus no pab ntau heev hauv lub neej!
Yog tias koj tsim ib lub hard disk nkaus xwb thaum tsim lub tshuab virtual, qhov no yog qhov kev teeb tsa xaus. Thiab yog hais tias muaj ob, ces cia li tsis txhob kos tus thib ob tseem.
Cia peb pib lub installation.
Tom qab kev teeb tsa
Yog li ntawd, lub kaw lus tshiab ntsia thaum kawg booted. Thawj qhov koj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas yog Internet.
ping ya.ru
Puas muaj lus teb? - Zoo heev, nias Ctrl-C.
Yog tias tsis yog, mus teeb tsa lub network, tsis muaj lub neej tsis muaj qhov no, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov kuv tsab xov xwm hais txog.
Tam sim no yog peb tseem tsis tau hauv paus, mus hauv paus, vim ntaus ntawv xws tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus txib nrog sudo tus kheej tsoo kuv (thiab tej zaum cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg zam txim rau kuv):
sudo -iTam sim no thawj yam peb ua yog ntaus ntawv
dnf -y updateThiab yog tias koj tab tom nyeem tsab xov xwm no hauv 2019, feem ntau yuav tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim, tab sis nws tsim nyog sim.
Tam sim no cia peb teeb tsa qhov seem disk
Cia peb hais tias qhov muab faib nrog lub kaw lus yog xvda, ces cov ntaub ntawv disk yuav yog xvdb. OK.
Cov lus qhia feem ntau yuav pib nrog "Khiav fdisk thiab tsim ib qho kev faib ..."
Yog li no yuam kev!
Kuv rov hais dua vim nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ua hauj lwm nrog LVM, uas occupies ib tug tag nrho virtual disk, tsim partitions rau nws yog teeb meem! Txhua lo lus hauv kab lus no tseem ceeb heev. Yog tias peb ua haujlwm tsis muaj LVM, peb yuav tsum tau. Yog tias peb muaj qhov system thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub disk, peb xav tau. Yog tias qee qhov laj thawj peb yuav tsum tawm ib nrab ntawm cov disk khoob, peb yuav tsum tau ua thiab. Tab sis feem ntau tag nrho cov kev xav no yog cov theoretical nkaus xwb. Vim tias yog tias peb txiav txim siab ntxiv qhov chaw rau qhov kev faib tawm uas twb muaj lawm, ces txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua nws yog nrog qhov kev teeb tsa no. Thiab kev yooj yim ntawm kev tswj hwm yog li ntau dua lwm yam uas peb muaj lub hom phiaj txav mus rau qhov kev teeb tsa no.
Thiab qhov yooj yim yog tias koj xav nthuav cov ntaub ntawv muab faib, koj tsuas yog ntxiv qhov chaw rau virtual muab faib, ces nthuav cov pab pawg siv vgextend thiab qhov ntawd yog nws! Hauv qee qhov tsis tshua muaj, qee yam yuav tsum tau, tab sis tsawg kawg koj yuav tsis tas yuav nthuav dav cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov pib, uas yog qhov zoo. Txwv tsis pub, txhawm rau nthuav cov ntim no, lawv pom zoo kom tshem tawm qhov uas twb muaj lawm, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim ib qho tshiab rau saum ... Uas tsis zoo nkauj heev thiab ua tsis tau nyob, tab sis nthuav dav raws li qhov xwm txheej kuv tau qhia tuaj yeem ua tau. nqa tawm "ntawm ya" yam tsis tau unmounting qhov muab faib.
Yog li, peb tsim ib lub cev ntim, tom qab ntawd ib pawg ntim uas suav nrog nws, thiab tom qab ntawd muab faib rau peb cov neeg rau zaub mov:
pvcreate /dev/xvdb
vgcreate data /dev/xvdb
lvcreate -n www -L40G data
mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/mapper/data-www
Ntawm no, es tsis txhob ntawm tsab ntawv "L" (thiab qhov loj me hauv GB), koj tuaj yeem hais qhia ib qho me me, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov qhov loj me, qhia ib tus txheeb ze, piv txwv li, siv ib nrab ntawm qhov chaw dawb tam sim no hauv ib pawg ntim, koj yuav tsum qhia "-l + 50% DAWB"
Thiab cov lus txib kawg tau muab faib rau hauv ext4 cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus (uas kom deb li deb, hauv kuv qhov kev paub, qhia qhov kev ruaj ntseg zoo tshaj plaws thaum txhua yam tawg, yog li kuv nyiam nws).
Tam sim no peb mount qhov muab faib nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ntxiv cov kab kom raug rau /etc/fstab:
/dev/mapper/data-www /var/www ext4 defaults 1 2Thiab peb hu
mount /var/wwwYog hais tias qhov yuam kev tshwm sim, suab lub tswb! Vim qhov no txhais tau tias peb muaj qhov yuam kev hauv /etc/fstab. Thiab hais tias ntawm reboot tom ntej peb yuav muaj teeb meem loj heev. Lub kaw lus yuav tsis khau raj txhua, uas feem ntau tu siab heev rau cov kev pabcuam huab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kho cov kab kawg ntxiv, lossis tshem tawm tag nrho! Tias yog vim li cas peb tsis sau cov lus txib mount manually - ces peb yuav tsis muaj lub sijhawm zoo los xyuas qhov teeb tsa tam sim ntawd.
Tam sim no peb tau nruab txhua yam peb xav tau thiab qhib cov chaw nres nkoj rau lub vev xaib:
dnf groupinstall "Development Tools"
dnf -y install httpd @nodejs @redis php
firewall-cmd --add-service http --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-service https --permanent
Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem tso cov ntaub ntawv ntawm no, tab sis tus kheej kuv sim khaws nws cais ntawm lub vev xaib server. Txawm hais tias ua kom nws nyob ze yog sai dua, yog. Qhov ceev ntawm virtual network adapters feem ntau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm gigabit, thiab thaum ua haujlwm ntawm tib lub tshuab, hu xov tooj yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Tab sis nws tsis tshua muaj kev nyab xeeb. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj rau leej twg?
Tam sim no peb ntxiv qhov parameter rau cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa (peb tsim ib qho tshiab, lub tswv yim niaj hnub ntawm CentOS zoo li no)
echo "vm.overcommit_memory = 1"> /etc/sysctl.d/98-sysctl.conf
Peb reboot lub server.
Hauv cov lus, Kuv raug cem rau kev qhia kuv kom kaw SeLinux, yog li kuv yuav kho kuv tus kheej thiab sau txog qhov tseeb tias tom qab qhov no koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov teeb tsa SeLinux.
Qhov tseeb, profit! π
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com