Π peb tham txog kev khiav VNC server ntawm lub tshuab virtual ntawm txhua hom. Qhov kev xaiv no muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj siab rau kev nkag mus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa mus. Hnub no peb yuav sim txuas mus rau graphical desktop ntawm Linux ntawm RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol). Lub VNC system yog raws li kev xa cov arrays ntawm pixels siv RFB (Remote Framebuffer) raws tu qauv, thiab RDP tso cai rau koj xa ntau cov duab nyuaj thiab cov lus txib siab. Nws feem ntau yog siv los tuav Cov Kev Pabcuam Tej thaj chaw deb Desktop ntawm Windows, tab sis cov servers rau Linux kuj muaj.
Cov ntsiab lus:
Txhim kho qhov graphical ib puag ncig
Peb yuav siv lub tshuab virtual nrog Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS nrog ob lub khoos phis tawj, plaub gigabytes ntawm RAM thiab nees nkaum gigabyte hard drive (HDD). Ib qho kev teeb tsa tsis muaj zog tsis haum rau graphical desktop, txawm hais tias qhov no nyob ntawm cov haujlwm tau daws. Tsis txhob hnov ββββqab siv promo code Habrahabr10 kom tau txais 10% luv nqi ntawm koj daim ntawv xaj.
Txhim kho lub desktop ib puag ncig nrog txhua qhov kev vam meej yog ua tiav nrog cov lus txib hauv qab no:
sudo apt-get install xfce4 xfce4-goodies xorg dbus-x11 x11-xserver-utilsRaws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv dhau los, peb xaiv XFCE vim nws cov kev xav tau ntawm kev siv nyiaj tsawg.
Russification ntawm server thiab software installation
Feem ntau cov tshuab virtual tsuas yog siv nrog lus Askiv hauv zos. Ntawm lub desktop koj yuav xav tau Lavxias teb sab, uas yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa. Ua ntej, cia peb nruab kev txhais lus rau cov kev pab cuam system:
sudo apt-get install language-pack-ruCia peb teeb tsa localization:
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8Cov nyhuv tib yam tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm manually kho qhov /etc/default/locale.
Rau thaj chaw ntawm GNOME thiab KDE, lub chaw cia khoom muaj cov lus-pob-gnome-ru thiab cov lus-pob-kde-ru cov pob khoom - koj yuav xav tau lawv yog tias koj siv cov kev pab cuam los ntawm cov chaw desktop no. Hauv XFCE, kev txhais lus raug teeb tsa nrog cov ntawv thov. Tom ntej no koj tuaj yeem nruab cov phau ntawv txhais lus:
# Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
sudo apt-get install hunspell hunspell-ru
# Π’Π΅Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ LibreOffice
sudo apt-get install mythes-ru
# ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΎ-ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ DICT
sudo apt-get install mueller7-dictTsis tas li ntawd, kev teeb tsa kev txhais lus yuav xav tau rau qee qhov kev thov kev pab cuam:
# ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ·Π΅Ρ Firefox
sudo apt-get install firefox firefox-locale-ru
# ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Thunderbird
sudo apt-get install thunderbird thunderbird-locale-ru
# ΠΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ LibreOffice
sudo apt-get install libreoffice libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ruQhov no ua tiav qhov kev npaj ntawm ib puag ncig desktop, txhua yam uas tseem tshuav yog txhawm rau teeb tsa RDP server.
Txhim kho thiab teeb tsa RDP server
Ubuntu repositories muaj Xrdp neeg rau zaub mov xa tawm dawb, uas peb yuav siv:
sudo apt-get install xrdpYog tias txhua yam mus zoo, tus neeg rau zaub mov yuav tsum pib ua haujlwm:
sudo systemctl status xrdp
Xrdp server khiav nrog xrdp cov neeg siv txoj cai thiab los ntawm lub neej ntawd yuav siv daim ntawv pov thawj /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key, uas tuaj yeem hloov nrog koj tus kheej. Txhawm rau nkag mus nyeem cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav tsum ntxiv tus neeg siv rau pawg ssl-cert:
sudo adduser xrdp ssl-certLub neej ntawd teeb tsa tuaj yeem pom hauv /etc/default/xrdp cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tag nrho lwm cov ntaub ntawv server configuration nyob rau hauv /etc/xrdp directory. Cov tsis tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv xrdp.ini, uas tsis tas yuav hloov. Cov config tau sau zoo, thiab cov manpages coj los suav nrog:
man xrdp.ini
man xrdpTxhua yam uas tseem tshuav yog los kho qhov /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh tsab ntawv, uas yog ua tiav thaum tus neeg siv kev sib kho pib. Ua ntej, cia peb ua ib daim ntawv luam theej ntawm tsab ntawv los ntawm kev faib khoom:
sudo mv /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh /etc/xrdp/startwm.b
sudo nano /etc/xrdp/startwm.shTxhawm rau pib XFCE desktop ib puag ncig, koj yuav xav tau tsab ntawv zoo li no:
#!/bin/sh
if [ -r /etc/default/locale ]; then
. /etc/default/locale
export LANG LANGUAGE
fi
exec /usr/bin/startxfce4Thov nco ntsoov: hauv cov ntawv sau nws yog qhov zoo dua los sau tag nrho txoj hauv kev rau cov ntaub ntawv executable - qhov no yog tus cwj pwm zoo. Cia peb ua cov ntawv ua tiav thiab ntawm qhov no, kev teeb tsa ntawm Xrdp server tuaj yeem suav tias ua tiav:
sudo chmod 755 /etc/xrdp/startwm.shRestart lub server:
sudo systemctl restart xrdp
Teeb tsa lub firewall
Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, Xrdp mloog TCP chaw nres nkoj 3389 ntawm txhua qhov kev sib tshuam. Nyob ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa virtual server, koj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa Netfilter firewall. Ntawm Linux qhov no feem ntau ua tiav siv cov khoom siv iptables, tab sis ntawm Ubuntu nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv ufw. Yog tias tus neeg siv qhov chaw nyob IP paub, kev teeb tsa tau ua nrog cov lus txib hauv qab no:
sudo ufw allow from IP_Address to any port 3389Koj tuaj yeem tso cai sib txuas los ntawm txhua tus IP zoo li no:
sudo ufw allow 3389RDP raws tu qauv txhawb encryption, tab sis nthuav tawm Xrdp neeg rau zaub mov rau pej xeem tes hauj lwm yog ib lub tswv yim phem. Yog tias tus neeg siv khoom tsis muaj tus IP ruaj khov, tus neeg rau zaub mov yuav tsum tsuas yog mloog localhost kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev nkag mus rau nws los ntawm SSH qhov, uas yuav ruaj ntseg hloov tsheb los ntawm tus neeg siv lub computer. Peb muaj txoj hauv kev zoo sib xws rau VNC server.
Txuas mus rau RDP server
Txhawm rau ua haujlwm nrog lub desktop ib puag ncig, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsim ib tus neeg siv cais tsis muaj cai:
sudo adduser rdpuser
Cia peb ntxiv tus neeg siv rau pawg sudo kom nws tuaj yeem ua cov haujlwm ntsig txog kev tswj hwm. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov xav tau, koj tuaj yeem hla cov kauj ruam no:
sudo gpasswd -a rdpuser sudoKoj tuaj yeem txuas mus rau tus neeg rau zaub mov siv txhua tus neeg siv RDP, suav nrog cov neeg siv khoom hauv Windows Remote Desktop Services. Yog tias Xrdp tab tom mloog rau sab nraud interface, tsis tas yuav ua haujlwm ntxiv. Nws yog txaus los qhia meej VPS IP chaw nyob, username thiab password nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas teeb tsa. Tom qab sib txuas, peb yuav pom qee yam zoo li no:
Tom qab kev teeb tsa thawj zaug ntawm ib puag ncig desktop, peb yuav tau txais lub desktop puv npo. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, nws tsis haus ntau cov peev txheej, txawm tias txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm cov ntawv thov siv.
Yog tias tus neeg rau zaub mov Xrdp mloog tsuas yog localhost, cov tsheb khiav ntawm cov neeg siv computer yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv SSH qhov (sshd yuav tsum tau khiav ntawm VPS). Ntawm Windows, koj tuaj yeem siv cov duab SSH cov neeg siv khoom (piv txwv li, PuTTY), thiab ntawm UNIX systems koj xav tau cov khoom siv ssh:
ssh -L 3389:127.0.0.1:3389 -C -N -l rdpuser RDP_server_ipTom qab lub qhov pib pib, tus neeg siv RDP yuav tsis txuas mus rau cov chaw taws teeb, tab sis mus rau tus tswv tsev.
Nws nyuaj dua nrog cov khoom siv txawb: SSH cov neeg muaj peev xwm nce lub qhov yuav tsum tau yuav, thiab hauv iOS thiab iPadOS, kev ua haujlwm tom qab ntawm cov ntawv thov thib peb yog qhov nyuaj vim yog kev ua kom zoo heev ntawm kev siv lub zog. Ntawm iPhone thiab iPad, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub qhov hauv ib daim ntawv thov cais; koj yuav xav tau daim ntawv thov sau qoob uas tuaj yeem tsim kev sib txuas RDP ntawm SSH. Xws li, piv txwv li .
Session Manager thiab User Sessions
Lub peev xwm ua haujlwm ntau tus neeg siv tau siv ncaj qha rau hauv Xrdp server thiab tsis tas yuav muaj kev teeb tsa ntxiv. Tom qab pib qhov kev pabcuam ntawm systemd, ib txheej txheem khiav hauv daemon hom, mloog ntawm chaw nres nkoj 3389 thiab sib txuas lus los ntawm localhost nrog tus thawj tswj kev sib tham.
ps aux |grep xrdp
sudo netstat -ap |grep xrdp
Tus neeg saib xyuas kev sib kho feem ntau tsis pom rau cov neeg siv, vim tias tus ID nkag mus thiab lo lus zais tau teev tseg hauv cov neeg siv khoom tau pauv mus rau nws txiav. Yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim lossis muaj qhov yuam kev thaum lub sijhawm lees paub, lub qhov rai sib tham sib nkag mus yuav tshwm sim hloov lub desktop.
Tsis siv neeg tso tawm ntawm tus thawj tswj kev sib kho yog teev nyob rau hauv /etc/default/xrdp file, thiab configuration yog khaws cia rau hauv /etc/xrdp/sesman.ini. Los ntawm lub neej ntawd nws zoo li qhov no:
[Globals]
ListenAddress=127.0.0.1
ListenPort=3350
EnableUserWindowManager=true
UserWindowManager=startwm.sh
DefaultWindowManager=startwm.sh
[Security]
AllowRootLogin=true
MaxLoginRetry=4
TerminalServerUsers=tsusers
TerminalServerAdmins=tsadmins
; When AlwaysGroupCheck=false access will be permitted
; if the group TerminalServerUsers is not defined.
AlwaysGroupCheck=false
[Sessions]Koj tsis tas yuav hloov dab tsi ntawm no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau lov tes taw tus ID nkag mus nrog cov cai hauv paus (AllowRootLogin = cuav). Rau txhua tus neeg siv tau tso cai hauv lub kaw lus, cov txheej txheem xrdp cais tau pib: yog tias koj txiav tawm yam tsis muaj kev sib tham xaus, cov txheej txheem neeg siv yuav txuas ntxiv mus los ntawm lub neej ntawd, thiab koj tuaj yeem txuas mus rau qhov kev sib kho dua. Cov chaw tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv /etc/xrdp/sesman.ini cov ntaub ntawv ([Sessions] seem).
Hloov cov keyboard layouts
Feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem nrog ob-txoj kev ntawv teev cia, tab sis nrog rau cov lus Lavxias teb sab keyboard koj yuav tau ua si ib ncig me ntsis (lub zos Lavxias yuav tsum yog lawm. ). Cia peb hloov cov keyboard nqis ntawm Xrdp server:
sudo nano /etc/xrdp/xrdp_keyboard.iniKoj yuav tsum ntxiv cov kab hauv qab no mus rau qhov kawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa:
[rdp_keyboard_ru]
keyboard_type=4
keyboard_type=7
keyboard_subtype=1
model=pc105
options=grp:alt_shift_toggle
rdp_layouts=default_rdp_layouts
layouts_map=layouts_map_ru
[layouts_map_ru]
rdp_layout_us=us,ru
rdp_layout_ru=us,ruTxhua yam uas tseem tshuav yog khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab rov pib Xrdp:
sudo systemctl restart xrdpRaws li koj tuaj yeem pom, nws tsis yooj yim los teeb tsa RDP server ntawm Linux VPS, tab sis Peb twb tau tham txog kev teeb tsa VNC. Ntxiv rau cov thev naus laus zis no, muaj lwm qhov kev xaiv nthuav dav: X3Go system siv qhov hloov kho NX 2 raws tu qauv. Peb yuav daws nrog nws hauv kev tshaj tawm tom ntej.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com