Windows 10 + Linux. Teeb tsa KDE Plasma GUI rau Ubuntu 20.04 hauv WSL2. Kev taug kev

Taw qhia

Cov kab lus no yog npaj rau kev saib xyuas ntawm cov thawj coj ua haujlwm uas npaj cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv computers khiav Windows 10, suav nrog cov tsim software.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias muaj qee qhov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tsis tiav ntawm kev sib koom ua ke software tau los ntawm Microsoft Store online khw muag khoom siv rau hauv kev cai Windows 10 duab. cov kev pab cuam tau teeb tsa los ntawm Microsoft Store sib txuas lus nrog Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Pabcuam account, thiab thaum tsim cov duab kev cai ua tiav los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob sysprep yuam kev tshwm sim vim qhov xwm txheej no.

Cov txheej txheem tau tham hauv kab lus no zam qhov teeb meem no thaum npaj Windows 10 OS duab nrog lub teeb tsa ua ntej WSL2 subsystem, nrog rau kev npaj ua ntej thiab teeb tsa Ubuntu 20.04 OS duab nrog KDE Plasma GUI, uas nyob rau hauv lem tuaj yeem muaj nws tus kheej. set ntawm custom software.

Muaj ntau cov piv txwv thiab kev qhia hauv Is Taws Nem rau teeb tsa WSL subsystems (piv txwv li WSL1 thiab WSL2 tshiab), nrog teeb tsa GUI interface rau linux raws li OS systems los ntawm Ubuntu 16.04 rau Ubuntu 20.04, tab sis qhov no feem ntau txhawj xeeb desktops raws li ntawm lub npe. "lub teeb yuag" xfce4, uas muaj kev nkag siab txog kev txwv hauv cov neeg siv teeb tsa. Tab sis raws li KDE Plasma GUI rau Ubuntu 20.04 muaj kev txhawj xeeb, tsis muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv pom hauv net. Tab sis nws yog qhov kev xaiv no uas muab cov neeg siv kawg nrog qhov yuav luag tsis txwv ntawm qhov chaw rau ob qho tib si zoo li lub kaw lus thiab kho vajtse teeb tsa, tau kawg, suav nrog cov peev txheej tam sim no ntawm linux systems siv hauv WSL2 subsystem.

Txhim kho cov txheej txheem software thiab teeb tsa WSL2

Peb tshawb xyuas qhov tam sim no version ntawm Windows, rau qhov no, hauv Windows search bar, nkag mus rau cov lus txib winver thiab peb tau txais qee yam zoo li no:

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas OS version yog 1903 lossis 1909 (qhov tshwj xeeb OS versions yuav tsum nrog cov hloov tshiab KB4566116 ntsia), lossis 2004 (tsim tus lej tsis pub tsawg dua 19041), cov ntaub ntawv seem tsis muaj teeb meem. Yog tias tus lej version tsawg dua qhov ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom koj hloov kho mus rau qhov tseeb version ntawm Windows kom raug rov tsim dua cov txiaj ntsig hauv kab lus no.

Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ua ntxiv, nruab qhov dawb Windows Terminal siv Microsoft Store (tseem muaj peev xwm rub tawm los ntawm lwm qhov chaw):

Peb nruab X Server X410 los ntawm tib Microsoft Store, cov software no tau them, tab sis muaj lub sijhawm pub dawb 15 hnub, uas txaus rau ntau yam kev xeem.

Raws li kev hloov pauv dawb rau X410 rub tawm thiab nruab VcXsrv X server.

Hauv txhua qhov chaw yooj yim ntawm lub disk, peb tsim cov npe uas peb yuav khaws peb cov ntaub ntawv. Ua piv txwv, cia peb tsim ib daim ntawv teev npe C:wsl.

Daus thiab nruab Ubuntu 20.04 standalone installer, unpack lub resulting ntaub ntawv siv ib tug archiver (piv txwv li, 7-zip). Rename lub unpacked directory nrog ib tug ntev lub npe Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 rau hauv ib yam dab tsi ntau txais, zoo li Ubuntu-20.04 thiab luam nws mus rau phau ntawv C:wsl (tom qab no yooj yim wsl).

Daus thiab unpack rau hauv ib phau ntawv wsl ntoo khaub lig-platform suab neeg rau zaub mov PulseAudio v.1.1., peb kuj tau kho nws cov ntaub ntawv configuration.

Hauv cov ntaub ntawv wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa seem Load audio drivers statically kho cov kab:

load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0

thiab hauv seem Network access kho cov kab:

load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1

Hauv cov ntaub ntawv wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf uncomment thiab hloov kab

exit-idle-time = -1

Peb teeb tsa WSL2 subsystem raws li cov ntaub ntawv Microsoft. Cov lus tsuas yog hais tias peb twb tau rub tawm Ubuntu kev faib tawm, thiab peb yuav nruab nws hauv kauj ruam tom ntej. Yeej, qhov kev teeb tsa los mus ua kom cov khoom siv ntxiv "Windows Subsystem rau Linux" thiab "Virtual Machine Platform", thiab tom qab ntawd rov pib dua los siv cov kev hloov pauv rau lub khoos phis tawj:

Yog tsim nyog rub tawm thiab nruab Linux ntsiav cov kev pabcuam pob hauv WSL2.
Peb tso Windows Terminal thiab xaiv qhov Command Prompt hom los ntawm nias cov yuam sij Ctrl+Shift+2.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb teeb tsa WSL2 hom kev ua haujlwm, rau qhov no peb nkag mus rau cov lus txib:

wsl  --set-default-version 2

Hloov mus rau Ubuntu 20.04 standalone bootloader directory, hauv kuv rooj plaub no yog wslUbuntu-20.04 thiab khiav cov ntaub ntawv ubuntu2004.exe. Thaum prompted rau tus username, sau tus username engineer (koj tuaj yeem sau lwm lub npe), sau koj tus password thiab paub meej tias tus password nkag rau tus lej teev npe:

Lub davhlau ya nyob twg tshwm sim, Ubuntu 20.04 kernel raug teeb tsa. Cia peb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm WSL2 hom teeb tsa, rau qhov no, hauv Windows Terminal, xaiv Windows PowerShell tab thiab nkag mus rau cov lus txib:

wsl -l -v

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua tiav yuav tsum zoo li no:

Peb teeb tsa Microsoft Defender firewall, i.e. disable nws rau pej xeem network:

Teeb tsa Ubuntu 20.04

Hauv Windows Terminal, xaiv qhov Command Prompt tab dua thiab nruab qhov hloov tshiab rau Ubuntu 20.04. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ntawm kab hais kom ua, nkag mus:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade –y

Nruab KDE Plasma desktop:

sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y

installation yuav siv sij hawm txog 30 feeb, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub computer thiab bandwidth ntawm lub Internet nkag channel, thaum prompted los ntawm lub installer, peb paub meej tias OK.
Nruab Lavxias localization thiab phau ntawv txhais lus Ubuntu 20.04. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ntawm kab hais kom ua, nkag mus:

sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # примечание: выбираем ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, см. скриншоты ниже.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales

Ntxiv qhov tseeb version ntawm KDE Plasma desktop:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y

Peb ntxiv peb tus kheej txheej ntawm console applications, piv txwv li mc и neofetch:

sudo apt install mc neofetch -y

Peb txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim, nkag mus rau hauv kab hais kom ua neofetch, saib screenshot:

Kho cov ntaub ntawv WSL config /etc/wsl.conf:

sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf

luam cov ntawv mus rau hauv qhov khoob ntawv nyeem ntawv qhov rai uas qhib:

[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = «metadata,umask=22,fmask=11»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true

txuag kev hloov pauv (Ctrl+O), paub meej tias cov haujlwm thiab tawm ntawm cov ntawv nyeem (Ctrl+X).

Exporting tus customized Ubuntu-20.04 duab rau cov npe peb tsim wsl. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, hauv Windows Terminal, rov xaiv Windows PowerShell tab thiab nkag mus rau cov lus txib:

wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop

cov duab tsim yuav pab peb automate cov kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm launching / reinstalling lub configured Ubuntu 20.04, yog tias tsim nyog, nws yuav cia peb yooj yim hloov nws mus rau lwm lub computer.

Npaj cov ntaub ntawv bat thiab shortcuts rau lub Windows desktop

Siv Notepad ++ editor, tsim cov ntaub ntawv bat (yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv OEM-866 encoding rau qhov tseeb tso zis ntawm Cyrillic cim):
cov ntaub ntawv Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - tsim los automate qhov kev teeb tsa thawj zaug ntawm cov duab tsim ntawm Ubuntu 20.04 ntawm lub khoos phis tawj uas twb tau teeb tsa WSL2 subsystem thiab X server. Yog tias tus username thiab password txawv ntawm cov teev hauv qhov piv txwv, ces koj yuav tsum tau hloov qhov tsim nyog rau cov ntaub ntawv bat no:

@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания установки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно установлен!
echo Не забудьте сменить учетную запись по умолчанию «root» на существующую учетную запись пользователя,
echo либо используйте предустановленную учетную запись «engineer», пароль: «password».
pause

cov ntaub ntawv Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - tsim los rov nruab cov duab npaj ntawm Ubuntu 20.04 ntawm lub computer.

@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания переустановки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно переустановлен!
pause

cov ntaub ntawv Set-default-user.bat - los teeb tsa tus neeg siv lub neej ntawd.

@echo off
set /p answer=Введите существующую учетную запись в Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Учетная запись пользователя %answer% в Ubuntu-20.04 установлена по умолчанию!
pause

cov ntaub ntawv Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - qhov tseeb tso tawm ntawm KDE Plasma desktop.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

cov ntaub ntawv Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - tso tawm lub graphical davhlau ya nyob twg yam tsis muaj KDE Plasma desktop.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

Ntxiv rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv hauv phau ntawv teev npe wsl peb npaj shortcuts taw tes rau cov ntaub ntawv bat. Tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv teev npe wsl zoo li no:

Tua tawm KDE Plasma Desktop

Peb xyuas tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem npaj tau ua tiav, peb sim tso lub shortcut Plasma-desktop. Ib lo lus nug tshwm sim, sau tus password rau tus account thiab ... lub qhov rais kaw. Nws yeej yog thawj zaug. Peb sim dua - thiab peb pom KDE Plasma taskbar paub. Peb kho qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub taskbar, hauv qhov piv txwv, kom yooj yim ntawm kev siv, lub vaj huam sib luag tau txav mus rau sab xis ntawm lub vijtsam thiab nruab nrab. Peb xyuas cov chaw hauv cheeb tsam, yog tias tsim nyog, ntxiv cov lus Lavxias:

Yog tias tsim nyog, peb nqa cov shortcuts rau cov ntawv thov linux ntsia rau KDE Plasma taskbar.

Yog tias Ubuntu 20.04 xav kom koj tawm ntawm koj tus neeg siv nyiaj txhawm rau siv cov kev hloov pauv rau cov chaw, lossis koj yuav tsum rov pib OS, ua qhov no, hauv Windows Terminal, nkag mus rau cov lus txib:

wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown

Nrog daim ntawv lo Plasma-desktop los yog Konsole koj tuaj yeem khiav KDE Plasma Ubuntu 20.04 GUI. Piv txwv li, nruab nrog Konsole GIMP cov duab editor:

Tom qab installation tiav, khiav los ntawm Konsole GIMP cov duab editor:

GIMP ua haujlwm, uas yog qhov kuv xav kuaj.
Thiab ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas ntau yam kev siv linux ua haujlwm hauv KDE Plasma hauv WSL2:

lub customized KDE Plasma taskbar yog nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub vijtsam. thiab cov yees duab hauv Firefox qhov rais ua si nrog suab.

Yog tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa kev nkag mus rau Ubuntu20.04 los ntawm SSH и RDP, rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau nruab cov kev pabcuam tsim nyog nrog cov lus txib:

sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y

Nco tseg: txhawm rau ua kom tus password nkag los ntawm SSH koj yuav tsum kho cov ntaub ntawv /etc/ssh/sshd_config, uas yog parameter PasswordAuthentication no yuav tsum tau teem rau PasswordAuthentication yes, txuag kev hloov pauv thiab rov pib dua Ubuntu20.04.

Txhua zaus koj pib Ubuntu20.04, qhov chaw ip sab hauv hloov, ua ntej teeb tsa cov chaw taws teeb nkag, koj yuav tsum xyuas qhov chaw nyob ip tam sim no siv cov lus txib ip a:

Raws li, qhov ip-chaw nyob no yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov kev sib tham SSH и RDP ua ntej pib.
Qhov no yog qhov chaw taws teeb nkag zoo li SSH siv MobaXterm:

Thiab qhov no yog qhov kev nkag mus rau tej thaj chaw deb zoo li RDP:

Siv x server vcxsrv hloov x410

Launching thiab teeb tsa vcxsrv, ua tib zoo teem lub checkboxes tsim nyog:

Txuag lub configured configuration nyob rau hauv cov directory wslvcxsrv nrog lub npe qauv config.xlaunch.

Kho cov ntaub ntawv bat Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat и Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat raws li lawv cov lus qhia.

Launching qhov shortcut Plasma-desktop, thiab qhov no yog qhov peb tau txais:

KDE Plasma desktop kiag li kaw lub Windows desktop, hloov ntawm qhov rais ntawm linux thiab windows daim ntawv thov peb siv qhov tseem ceeb ua ke. Alt+Tab, uas tsis yooj yim heev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis zoo ntawm X server tau tshwm sim vcxsrv - nws poob thaum koj khiav qee daim ntawv thov, tshwj xeeb yog tib GIMP lossis LibreOffice Writer. Tej zaum peb yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum cov neeg tsim tawm tshem tawm qhov pom "kab" tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb ... Yog li, kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv X Server Microsoft x410.

xaus

Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav tsum them se rau Microsoft, cov khoom lag luam WSL2 tau ua haujlwm zoo heev, thiab hauv kuv lub tswv yim tsis muaj kev paub, ua tiav zoo heev. Thiab raws li kuv paub, cov neeg tsim khoom txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv "tiav" nws, thiab tej zaum - hauv ib xyoos lossis ob xyoos, cov kab ke no yuav tshwm sim hauv tag nrho nws cov haujlwm ua tiav.

Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com