Kev khiav hauj lwm systems yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv siv cov peev txheej server muaj txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem siv rau qee yam muaj txiaj ntsig. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lub operating system ua raws li tus kws qhia ntawv rau cov ntawv thov server thiab tso cai rau koj tig ib qho kev ua haujlwm suav nrog rau hauv lub platform multitasking, thiab tseem txhawb kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm txhua tus neeg nyiam nrog cov khoom siv. Tam sim no lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg rau zaub mov kev khiav hauj lwm yog Windows Server + ob peb Linux faib ntawm ntau hom. Txhua yam ntawm cov kev khiav hauj lwm no muaj nws tus kheej pros, cons thiab daim ntawv thov niches. Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham luv luv txog cov tshuab uas tuaj nrog peb cov servers.
Qhov rai neeg rau zaub mov
Qhov kev khiav hauj lwm no yog qhov nrov heev nyob rau hauv cov koom haum, txawm hais tias feem ntau cov neeg siv tib yam koom nrog Windows tshwj xeeb nrog rau lub desktop version rau PCs. Nyob ntawm cov haujlwm thiab cov txheej txheem tsim nyog los txhawb nqa, cov tuam txhab tam sim no ua haujlwm ntau yam ntawm Windows Server, pib nrog Windows Server 2003 thiab xaus nrog qhov tseeb version - Windows Server 2019. Peb muab cov servers nrog tag nrho cov npe ua haujlwm, uas yog, Windows Server 2003, 2008 R2, 2016 thiab 2019.
Windows Server 2003 yog siv feem ntau los txhawb kev koom tes thiab kev sib koom ua ke hauv Windows XP. Kuj ceeb tias, Microsoft version ntawm lub desktop OS, uas tau txiav tawm txog tsib xyoos dhau los, tseem siv tau, txij li ntau tus tswv software tau sau rau nws ib zaug. Tib yam mus rau Windows Server 2008 R2 thiab Windows Server 2016 - lawv yog qhov sib xws nrog cov laus tab sis ua haujlwm software thiab yog li tseem siv niaj hnub no.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov servers khiav Windows yog qhov txheeb ze ntawm kev tswj hwm yooj yim, txheej txheej loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, phau ntawv qhia thiab software. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj Windows server yog tias lub tuam txhab ecosystem suav nrog software lossis cov kev daws teeb meem uas siv cov tsev qiv ntawv thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov ntsiav ntawm Microsoft systems. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv RDP thev naus laus zis rau cov neeg siv nkag mus rau cov ntawv thov server thiab tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub kaw lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, Windows Server muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus version yam tsis muaj GUI nrog kev siv peev txheej ntawm qib Linux faib - Windows Server Core, hais txog qhov twg . Peb xa tag nrho Windows servers nrog daim ntawv tso cai qhib (dawb rau cov neeg siv tshiab).
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm Winserver suav nrog ob qhov tsis muaj: daim ntawv tso cai tus nqi thiab kev siv peev txheej. Ntawm tag nrho cov neeg rau zaub mov kev khiav hauj lwm, Windows Server yog lub zog tshaj plaws-tshaib plab thiab yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tug processor core thiab los ntawm ib tug thiab ib nrab mus rau peb gigabytes ntawm RAM tsuas yog rau cov tub ntxhais thiab cov kev pab cuam txheem kev khiav hauj lwm. Cov kab ke no tsis haum rau kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob qis, thiab tseem muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog RDP thiab pab pawg thiab cov neeg siv cov cai.
Feem ntau, Windows Server yog npaj rau kev tswj hwm lub tuam txhab intranets thiab ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov software tshwj xeeb, MSSQL databases, ASP.NET cov cuab yeej lossis lwm yam software tsim tshwj xeeb rau Windows. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov no tseem yog qhov ua tiav OS uas koj tuaj yeem xa tawm mus, nce DNS lossis lwm yam kev pabcuam.
Ubuntu
Ubuntu yog ib qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab tsis tu ncua kev faib tawm ntawm Linux tsev neeg, thawj zaug tso tawm xyoo 2004. Ib zaug "cov poj niam mus-rau" hauv Gnome plhaub, dhau sijhawm Ubuntu dhau los ua tus neeg rau zaub mov OS vim nws cov zej zog dav thiab kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv. Qhov tseeb nrov version yog 18.04, tab sis peb kuj muab cov servers rau 16.04, thiab kwv yees li ib lub lis piam dhau los , uas coj ntau yam goodies.
Yog tias Windows Server tau siv los ua OS los txhawb qhov tshwj xeeb thiab Windows-oriented software, ces Ubuntu raws li Linux faib yog ib zaj dab neeg hais txog qhib qhov chaw thiab txhim kho lub vev xaib. Yog li, nws yog Linux servers uas tau siv los tuav lub vev xaib servers ntawm Nginx lossis Apache (raws li tsis yog Microsoft IIS), ua haujlwm nrog PostgreSQL thiab MySQL lossis tam sim no nrov scripting kev loj hlob lus. Routing thiab kev tswj xyuas kev khiav tsheb kuj yuav haum zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Ubuntu server.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo suav nrog kev siv nyiaj tsawg dua li Windows Server, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj nrog lub console thiab cov tswj hwm pob rau tag nrho Unix systems. Tsis tas li ntawd, Ubuntu, yog thawj zaug "desktop home Unix", yog tus siv tau zoo heev, uas ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm.
Lub ntsiab tsis zoo yog Unix, nrog rau txhua yam uas nws cuam tshuam. Ubuntu tej zaum yuav yog tus phooj ywg, tab sis tsuas yog txheeb ze rau lwm lub tshuab Linux. Yog li ua hauj lwm nrog nws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov neeg rau zaub mov configuration - uas yog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg - koj yuav xav tau tej yam kev txawj ntse. Tsis tas li ntawd, Ubuntu tau tsom mus rau kev siv tus kheej thiab tsis yog ib txwm haum rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm tuam txhab.
Debian
Nws yog ironic tias Debian yog tus progenitor ntawm Ubuntu nrov heev uas peb tau hais ua ntej. Thawj qhov tsim ntawm Debian tau luam tawm ntau dua 25 xyoo dhau los - rov qab rau xyoo 1994, thiab nws yog Debian code uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Ubuntu. Qhov tseeb, Debian yog ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws thiab tib lub sijhawm hardcore faib ntawm tsev neeg ntawm Linux systems. Txawm hais tias txhua qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Ubuntu, tsis zoo li nws "tus ua tiav", Debian tsis tau txais tib theem ntawm cov neeg siv kev phooj ywg zoo li cov tub ntxhais hluas. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no kuj muaj nws qhov zoo. Debian tau hloov pauv ntau dua li Ubuntu thiab tuaj yeem tsim kho ntau dua thiab daws tau ntau yam haujlwm tshwj xeeb, suav nrog cov tuam txhab lag luam.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm Debian yog nws txoj kev ruaj ntseg thiab ruaj khov dua piv rau Ubuntu thiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, Windows. Thiab tau kawg, zoo li txhua qhov Linux system, kev siv nyiaj tsawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm server OS khiav lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub zej zog Debian yog qhib qhov chaw, yog li qhov system no feem ntau tsom rau kev ua haujlwm kom raug thiab ua tau zoo nrog cov kev daws teeb meem dawb.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv, hardcore thiab kev ruaj ntseg tuaj ntawm tus nqi. Debian yog tsim los ntawm lub zej zog qhib qhov tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus meej los ntawm cov kab ke ntawm cov tswv cuab, nrog rau txhua yam uas nws cuam tshuam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Debian muaj peb lub versions: ruaj khov, tsis ruaj khov thiab kev sim. Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov ceg txhim kho ruaj khov ua rau poob qis tom qab cov ceg sim, uas yog, feem ntau yuav muaj cov khoom qub qub thiab cov qauv hauv lub kernel. Tag nrho cov no tau tshwm sim hauv phau ntawv rov tsim kho ntawm cov ntsiav lossis txawm tias hloov mus rau ceg sim yog tias koj cov dej num tshaj qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov ruaj khov version ntawm Debian. Hauv Ubuntu tsis muaj cov teeb meem zoo li no nrog cov kev hloov pauv: nyob ntawd, cov neeg tsim khoom tso tawm LTS ruaj khov ntawm qhov system txhua ob xyoos.
CentOS
Zoo, cia peb ua tiav peb kev sib tham txog RUVDS server operating systems ntawm CentOS. Piv rau Ubuntu loj dua thiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, Debian, CentOS zoo li ib tug hluas. Thiab txawm hais tias lub kaw lus tau nrov ntawm cov neeg coob coob tsis ntev dhau los, zoo li Debian lossis Ubuntu, kev tso tawm ntawm nws thawj version tau tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm li Ubuntu, uas yog, rov qab rau xyoo 2004.
CentOS feem ntau yog siv rau virtual servers, vim nws tseem tsawg dua qhov kev thov ntau dua li Ubuntu lossis Debian. Peb xa cov kev teeb tsa khiav ob lub version ntawm OS no: CentOS 7.6.1810 thiab cov laus CentOS 7.2.1510. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv yog cov haujlwm ua haujlwm. CentOS yog ib zaj dab neeg txog kev ua haujlwm. Tsis muaj ib qho kev siv hauv tsev, zoo li qhov xwm txheej, piv txwv li, nrog Ubuntu, CentOS tau tsim tam sim ntawd raws li RedHat-zoo li kev faib tawm raws li qhib qhov chaws. Nws yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam los ntawm RedHat uas muab CentOS nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb - tsom rau kev daws teeb meem kev lag luam, kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ruaj ntseg. Qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim feem ntau rau kev siv lub kaw lus yog web hosting, uas CentOS qhia tau zoo dua li lwm qhov kev faib tawm Linux.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov system kuj muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo. Kev tswj hwm kev txhim kho thiab hloov kho lub voj voog ntau dua li Ubuntu txhais tau hais tias ntawm qee lub sijhawm koj yuav tau muab tso rau qhov tsis zoo lossis teeb meem twb tau daws hauv lwm qhov kev faib tawm. Lub kaw lus hloov kho thiab txhim kho cov khoom sib txawv kuj txawv: tsis muaj apt-tau, tsuas yog yum thiab RPM pob. Tsis tas li, CentOS tsis haum rau hosting thiab ua haujlwm nrog Docker / k8s ntim cov kev daws teeb meem, uas Ubuntu thiab Debian yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov tom kawg yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias virtualization ntawm lub vev xaib servers thiab kev siv los ntawm kev ntim khoom tau nce lub zog hauv DevOps ib puag ncig hauv xyoo tas los no. Thiab tau kawg, CentOS muaj ntau lub zej zog me dua piv rau Debian thiab Ubuntu nrov dua.
Hloov chaw ntawm cov zis
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, txhua OS muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo thiab tau txais nws tus kheej niche. Servers khiav Windows sawv sib nrug - Microsoft ib puag ncig, yog li hais, nws muaj nws tus kheej huab cua thiab cov cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Txhua qhov kev faib tawm Linux zoo ib yam li kev siv cov peev txheej, tab sis muaj lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb thiab qhov sib txawv nyob ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm tes. Ubuntu yooj yim siv, Debian tau teeb tsa zoo dua. CentOS tuaj yeem ua qhov hloov pauv rau RedHat them, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias koj xav tau cov neeg ua haujlwm puv ntoob OS hauv unix version. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis muaj zog hauv cov teeb meem ntawm kev ntim khoom thiab daim ntawv thov virtualization, txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem tiv tauj peb cov kws tshaj lij thiab peb yuav xaiv cov kev daws teeb meem tsim nyog thiab teeb tsa rau koj raws li koj cov dej num.
Tsuas yog cov neeg siv sau npe tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas. thov.
Nyob zoo cov neeg nyeem, lub server twg OS koj xav txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws?
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22,9%Windows server119
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32,9%Debian 171
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40,4%Ubuntu 210
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34,8%CentOS 181
520 cov neeg siv pov npav. 102 cov neeg siv tau txwv.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com