Thaum daim ntawv thov tsis ua haujlwm, qhov kawg uas koj xav hnov los ntawm koj cov npoj yaig yog cov kab lus "qhov teeb meem nyob ntawm koj sab." Yog li ntawd, cov neeg siv raug kev txom nyem - thiab lawv tsis quav ntsej qhov twg ntawm pab pawg yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tawg. DevOps kab lis kev cai tau tshwm sim meej los coj kev txhim kho thiab kev txhawb nqa ua ke nyob ib puag ncig lub luag haujlwm sib koom rau cov khoom kawg.
Cov kev coj ua dab tsi suav nrog hauv lub tswv yim ntawm DevOps thiab vim li cas lawv thiaj xav tau? DevOps engineers ua dab tsi thiab lawv yuav tsum ua li cas? Cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm EPAM teb cov lus nug no thiab lwm cov lus nug: Kirill Sergeev, tus kws tshaj lij tshuab thiab DevOps tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo, thiab Igor Boyko, tus kws tshaj lij tshuab thiab tus tswj hwm ntawm ib lub tuam txhab pab pawg DevOps.
Vim li cas DevOps xav tau?
Yav dhau los, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom thiab kev txhawb nqa (xws li kev ua haujlwm). Nws suab tsis zoo, tab sis lawv muaj lub hom phiaj sib txawv thiab KPIs, txawm hais tias lawv tau ua tib yam. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhim kho yog txhawm rau ua raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam kom sai li sai tau thiab ntxiv rau lawv rau cov khoom ua haujlwm. Kev txhawb nqa yog lub luag haujlwm los xyuas kom meej tias daim ntawv thov ua haujlwm ruaj khov - thiab txhua qhov kev hloov pauv ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo. Muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab - DevOps tshwm sim los daws nws.
DevOps yog dab tsi?
Nws yog ib lo lus nug zoo - thiab qhov tsis sib haum xeeb: lub ntiaj teb tseem tsis tau pom zoo rau qhov no. EPAM ntseeg tias DevOps sib txuas cov thev naus laus zis, txheej txheem thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam hauv pab pawg. Lub koom haum no tsom mus txuas ntxiv xa tus nqi rau cov neeg siv kawg.
Kirill Sergeev: “Cov neeg tsim khoom sau cov lej, cov neeg sim tshuaj xyuas nws, thiab cov thawj coj siv cov khoom kawg rau kev tsim khoom. Tau ntev, cov khoom ntawm pab pawg no tau tawg me ntsis, thiab tom qab ntawd lub tswv yim tau tshwm sim los sib sau ua ke los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Nov yog qhov kev coj ua DevOps tshwm sim. "
Hnub tuaj thaum cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov kws tsim khoom siv ua haujlwm tau txaus siab rau ib leeg txoj haujlwm. Qhov thaiv ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev txhawb nqa pib ploj mus. Qhov no yog li cas DevOps tau tshwm sim, uas suav nrog kev coj ua, kab lis kev cai thiab kev sib koom ua pab pawg.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm DevOps kab lis kev cai?
Qhov tseeb yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov kawg tshwm sim nyob nrog txhua tus neeg hauv pab pawg. Qhov nthuav thiab nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv DevOps lub tswv yim yog kom nkag siab tias ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb tsis yog lub luag haujlwm rau nws tus kheej theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tab sis yog lub luag haujlwm rau tag nrho cov khoom yuav ua haujlwm li cas. Qhov teeb meem tsis yog dag ntawm leej twg sab - nws yog sib koom, thiab txhua tus neeg koom tes pab daws nws.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv DevOps kab lis kev cai yog los daws qhov teeb meem, tsis yog siv cov kev coj ua DevOps xwb. Ntxiv mus, cov kev coj ua no tsis yog siv "ntawm ib tus neeg sab", tab sis thoob plaws tag nrho cov khoom. Ib qhov project tsis xav tau DevOps engineer per se - nws xav tau kev daws teeb meem, thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm DevOps engineer tuaj yeem faib rau ntau tus neeg koom nrog ntau qhov tshwj xeeb.
Dab tsi yog hom kev coj ua DevOps?
Cov kev coj ua DevOps npog txhua theem ntawm software lub neej voj voog.
Igor Boyko: “Qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws yog thaum peb pib siv DevOps kev coj ncaj ncees thaum pib ntawm qhov project. Ua ke nrog cov architects, peb npaj yuav ua li cas hom ntawm architectural toj roob hauv pes daim ntawv thov yuav muaj, nws yuav nyob qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas teev, thiab xaiv lub platform. Niaj hnub no, microservice architecture yog nyob rau hauv zam - rau nws peb xaiv ib tug orchestration system: koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tswj txhua lub caij ntawm daim ntawv thov cais thiab hloov kho nws ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm lwm tus. Lwm qhov kev coj ua yog "infrastructure li code." Qhov no yog lub npe rau txoj hauv kev uas qhov project infrastructure yog tsim thiab tswj kev siv code, tsis yog los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog servers.
Tom ntej no peb mus rau theem kev txhim kho. Ib qho ntawm cov kev coj ua loj tshaj plaws ntawm no yog tsim CI / CD: koj yuav tsum tau pab cov neeg tsim khoom sib koom ua ke cov kev hloov pauv rau hauv cov khoom sai, hauv me me, ntau zaus thiab tsis mob. CI/CD npog cov cai tshuaj xyuas, upload tus tswv mus rau lub hauv paus code, thiab xa daim ntawv thov mus kuaj thiab tsim ib puag ncig.
Nyob rau theem CI/CD, cov cai dhau los ntawm cov rooj vag zoo. Nrog rau lawv cov kev pab, lawv xyuas tias cov cai uas tawm los ntawm tus tsim tawm lub chaw ua haujlwm ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem zoo. Chav tsev thiab UI kuaj tau ntxiv ntawm no. Rau kev xa khoom sai, tsis mob thiab tsom mus rau kev xa khoom, koj tuaj yeem xaiv hom kev xa khoom tsim nyog.
DevOps cov kws kho mob kuj muaj qhov chaw nyob rau theem ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov khoom tiav. Lawv yog siv los saib xyuas, tawm tswv yim, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab qhia txog kev hloov pauv. DevOps saib tag nrho cov haujlwm no los ntawm kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv mus. Peb txo qis kev ua haujlwm rov ua dua thiab ua haujlwm rau lawv. Qhov no kuj suav nrog kev tsiv teb tsaws, kev nthuav dav ntxiv, thiab kev txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm. "
Dab tsi yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm DevOps kev coj ua?
Yog tias peb tau sau phau ntawv qhia txog kev coj ua niaj hnub DevOps, yuav muaj peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm nplooj ntawv thawj: automation, nrawm tshaj tawm, thiab tawm tswv yim sai los ntawm cov neeg siv.
Kirill Sergeev: “Qhov thib ib yog automation. Peb tuaj yeem ua txhua yam kev sib cuam tshuam hauv pab pawg: sau cov cai - dov nws tawm - kuaj nws - ntsia nws - sau cov lus qhia - rov qab mus rau qhov pib. Tag nrho cov no yog tsis siv neeg.
Qhov thib ob yog ua kom qhov kev tso tawm sai thiab txawm tias yooj yim txoj kev loj hlob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg siv khoom uas cov khoom nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam sai li sai tau thiab pib muab cov txiaj ntsig ua ntej tshaj li cov neeg sib tw analogues. Cov txheej txheem xa khoom tuaj yeem txhim kho tsis tu ncua: txo lub sijhawm, ntxiv cov cim tswj ntxiv, txhim kho kev soj ntsuam.
Qhov thib peb yog qhov nrawm ntawm cov neeg siv cov lus pom zoo. Yog tias nws muaj lus pom, peb tuaj yeem hloov kho tam sim thiab hloov kho daim ntawv thov tam sim ntawd. "
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm "systems engineer", "build engineer" thiab "DevOps engineer" cuam tshuam li cas?
Lawv sib tshooj, tab sis nyob rau thaj chaw sib txawv me ntsis.
Systems engineer ntawm EPAM yog ib txoj haujlwm. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau theem: los ntawm junior mus rau tus thawj kws tshwj xeeb.
Tus tsim engineer yog ntau lub luag haujlwm uas tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm qhov project. Tam sim no qhov no yog cov neeg ua haujlwm rau CI / CD hu ua.
DevOps engineers yog tus kws tshaj lij uas siv DevOps kev coj ua ntawm ib qhov project.
Yog tias peb suav tag nrho, peb tau txais qee yam zoo li no: ib tus neeg hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij tshuab ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus tsim engineer ntawm ib qhov project thiab koom nrog hauv kev siv DevOps cov kev coj ua nyob ntawd.
Dab tsi yog tus kws ua haujlwm DevOps ua?
DevOps engineers muab tso ua ke tag nrho cov khoom uas tsim ib qhov project. Lawv paub qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm programmers, testers, system administrators thiab pab ua kom yooj yim rau lawv txoj haujlwm. Lawv nkag siab txog cov kev xav tau thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam, nws lub luag haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho - thiab tsim cov txheej txheem coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov nyiam ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
Peb tau tham ntau yam txog automation - qhov no yog dab tsi DevOps engineers nrog thawj thiab foremost. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus loj heev, uas, ntawm lwm yam, suav nrog kev npaj ib puag ncig.
Kirill Sergeev: "Ua ntej yuav siv cov kev hloov tshiab rau hauv cov khoom, lawv yuav tsum tau sim nyob rau hauv ib tug thib peb-tog ib puag ncig. Nws yog npaj los ntawm DevOps engineers. Lawv txhawb nqa DevOps kab lis kev cai ntawm qhov project tag nrho: lawv qhia DevOps kev coj ua ntawm txhua txheej ntawm lawv cov haujlwm. Peb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no: automation, simplification, acceleration - lawv nqa txhua qhov chaw lawv tuaj yeem ncav cuag. "
DevOps engineer yuav tsum paub dab tsi?
Los ntawm thiab loj, nws yuav tsum muaj kev paub los ntawm ntau qhov chaw: programming, ua haujlwm nrog kev khiav hauj lwm systems, databases, sib dhos thiab configuration systems. Cov no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm nrog huab infrastructure, orchestration thiab saib xyuas.
1. Programming lus
DevOps engineers paub ntau yam lus yooj yim rau automation thiab tuaj yeem, piv txwv li, qhia rau tus programmer: "Yuav ua li cas txog koj nruab cov cai tsis yog los ntawm tes, tab sis siv peb cov ntawv, uas ua rau txhua yam? Peb yuav npaj cov ntaub ntawv config rau nws, nws yuav yooj yim rau koj thiab peb nyeem, thiab peb tuaj yeem hloov pauv txhua lub sijhawm. Peb kuj yuav pom leej twg, thaum twg thiab vim li cas thiaj hloov pauv rau nws. "
Tus engineer DevOps tuaj yeem kawm ib lossis ntau hom lus: Python, Groovy, Bash, Powershell, Ruby, Go. Nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog kom paub lawv nyob rau theem sib sib zog nqus - lub hauv paus ntawm syntax, OOP cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, thiab muaj peev xwm sau cov ntawv yooj yim rau automation yog txaus.
2. Cov tshuab ua haujlwm
Tus engineer DevOps yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov khoom siv twg yuav raug teeb tsa rau ntawm lub server, qhov chaw nws yuav khiav hauv dab tsi, thiab cov kev pabcuam twg nws yuav cuam tshuam nrog. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv tshwj xeeb hauv Windows lossis Linux tsev neeg.
3. Version tswj tshuab
Yog tsis muaj kev paub txog kev tswj hwm version, tus kws tshaj lij DevOps tsis nyob qhov twg. Git yog ib lub tshuab nrov tshaj plaws tam sim no.
4. Cov chaw muab huab
AWS, Google, Azure - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias peb tab tom tham txog Windows kev taw qhia.
Kirill Sergeev: “Cov chaw muab huab muab rau peb nrog cov servers virtual uas haum rau hauv CI / CD.
Txhim kho kaum lub cev servers xav tau txog ib puas phau ntawv ua haujlwm. Txhua tus neeg rau zaub mov yuav tsum tau pib ua haujlwm manually, nruab thiab teeb tsa cov kev ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua, teeb tsa peb daim ntawv thov ntawm kaum lub servers no, thiab tom qab ntawd muab ob npaug rau txhua yam kaum zaug. Cov kev pabcuam huab hloov cov txheej txheem no nrog kaum kab ntawm txoj cai, thiab tus kws tshaj lij DevOps zoo yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm nrog lawv. Qhov no txuag lub sijhawm, kev siv zog thiab nyiaj txiag - ob qho tib si rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab rau lub tuam txhab. "
5. Orchestration systems: Docker thiab Kubernetes
Kirill Sergeev: “Virtual servers tau muab faib ua ntim, hauv txhua qhov uas peb tuaj yeem nruab peb daim ntawv thov. Thaum muaj ntau lub ntim, koj yuav tsum tau tswj lawv: tig ib qho, tig rau lwm qhov, ua cov thaub qab rau qhov chaw. Qhov no ua heev complex thiab yuav tsum tau ib tug orchestration system.
Yav dhau los, txhua daim ntawv thov raug tswj hwm los ntawm ib tus neeg rau zaub mov cais - txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv nws txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev pabcuam ntawm daim ntawv thov. Ua tsaug rau cov ntim khoom, cov ntawv thov raug cais tawm thiab khiav sib cais - txhua tus ntawm nws tus kheej lub tshuab virtual. Yog tias qhov ua tsis tiav, tsis tas yuav nkim sijhawm tshawb nrhiav qhov laj thawj. Nws yooj yim dua los rhuav tshem lub thawv qub thiab ntxiv ib lub tshiab. "
6. Configuration systems: Kws ua zaub mov, Ansible, Puppet
Thaum koj yuav tsum tswj hwm tag nrho cov nkoj ntawm cov servers, koj yuav tsum ua ntau yam haujlwm tib yam. Nws yog qhov ntev thiab nyuaj, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes kuj ua rau muaj kev ua yuam kev. Qhov no yog qhov chaw configuration systems tuaj cawm. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, lawv tsim ib tsab ntawv uas yooj yim nyeem rau programmers, DevOps engineers, thiab system administrators. Tsab ntawv no yuav pab ua tiav cov haujlwm tib yam ntawm cov servers tau txais. Qhov no txo cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv (thiab yog li ua yuam kev).
Cov hauj lwm zoo li cas uas DevOps engineer tsim tau?
Koj tuaj yeem txhim kho ob qho tib si horizontally thiab vertically.
Igor Boyko: “Los ntawm qhov kev pom ntawm kab rov tav txoj kev loj hlob, DevOps engineers tam sim no muaj qhov dav tshaj plaws. Txhua yam hloov pauv tas li, thiab koj tuaj yeem tsim kev txawj ntse hauv ntau qhov chaw: los ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, los ntawm kev tswj hwm kev teeb tsa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv.
Koj tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus kws tsim qauv tsim qauv yog tias tus neeg ua haujlwm txaus siab nkag siab tias daim ntawv thov ua haujlwm li cas ntawm txhua theem ntawm nws lub neej voj voog - los ntawm kev txhim kho mus rau kev txhawb nqa. "
Yuav ua li cas los ua DevOps engineer?
- Nyeem Phau Ntawv Phoenix Project thiab DevOps. Cov no yog cov ncej tiag tiag ntawm DevOps lub tswv yim, nrog rau thawj zaug ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsis tseeb.
- Kawm cov thev naus laus zis los ntawm cov npe saum toj no: ntawm koj tus kheej lossis los ntawm kev kawm online.
- Koom nrog ua tus kws tshaj lij DevOps rau qhov project qhib.
- Xyaum thiab muab DevOps cov kev coj ua ntawm koj tus kheej thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com