Nyob zoo, Habr! Nyob rau hauv cov lus rau ib qho ntawm peb Cov neeg nyeem tau nug cov lus nug uas nthuav: "Vim li cas koj xav tau lub flash drive nrog hardware encryption thaum muaj TrueCrypt?" - thiab txawm hais txog qee qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog "Koj tuaj yeem ua li cas kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj bookmarks hauv software thiab kho vajtse ntawm Kingston tsav. ?β Peb tau teb cov lus nug no succinctly, tab sis tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab tias lub ncauj lus tsim nyog tau txais kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb. Nov yog qhov peb yuav ua hauv tsab ntawv no.
AES hardware encryption, zoo li software encryption, tau nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis nws yuav tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv rhiab ntawm flash drive li cas? Leej twg lees paub cov tsav tsheb, thiab cov ntawv pov thawj no puas tuaj yeem ntseeg tau? Leej twg xav tau xws li "nyem" flash drives yog tias koj tuaj yeem siv cov kev pabcuam dawb xws li TrueCrypt lossis BitLocker. Raws li koj tau pom, lub ntsiab lus nug nyob rau hauv cov lus yeej tsa ntau cov lus nug. Cia peb sim ua kom tiav tag nrho.
Hardware encryption txawv ntawm software encryption li cas?
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm flash drives (nrog rau HDDs thiab SSDs), ib tug tshwj xeeb nti nyob rau hauv lub ntaus ntawv lub Circuit Court board yog siv los siv hardware ntaub ntawv encryption. Nws muaj ib tug built-in random tooj generator uas generates encryption yuam sij. Cov ntaub ntawv yog cia li encrypted thiab instantly decrypted thaum koj nkag mus rau koj tus neeg siv lo lus zais. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv yam tsis muaj tus password.
Thaum siv software encryption, "xauv" cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus tsav yog muab los ntawm cov software sab nraud, uas ua raws li tus nqi qis rau kev kho vajtse encryption. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov software no tuaj yeem suav nrog qhov yuav tsum tau banal rau kev hloov kho tsis tu ncua txhawm rau txhawm rau muaj kev tawm tsam rau kev txhim kho kev nyiag nkas. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub zog ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv computer (tshwj tsis yog cov khoom siv sib cais) yog siv los txiav txim siab cov ntaub ntawv, thiab qhov tseeb, qib kev tiv thaiv ntawm PC txiav txim siab qib kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus tsav.
Lub ntsiab feature ntawm drives nrog hardware encryption yog ib tug cais cryptographic processor, lub xub ntiag ntawm uas qhia peb tias encryption keys yeej tsis tawm hauv lub USB tsav, tsis zoo li software yuam sij uas yuav tsum tau ib ntus khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub computer lub RAM los yog hard drive. Thiab vim hais tias software encryption siv lub cim xeeb ntawm PC los khaws cov lej nkag mus, nws tsis tuaj yeem nres brute quab yuam tawm tsam ntawm tus password lossis tus yuam sij. Tus ID nkag mus sim txee tuaj yeem rov pib dua los ntawm tus neeg tawm tsam kom txog thaum tsis siv neeg lo lus zais cracking qhov kev pab cuam pom qhov xav tau ua ke.
Los ntawm txoj kev ..., hauv cov lus rau kab lus ""Cov neeg siv kuj tau sau tseg tias, piv txwv li, TrueCrypt program muaj hom kev ua haujlwm nqa tau. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog qhov txiaj ntsig loj. Qhov tseeb yog qhov no qhov kev pab cuam encryption khaws cia rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm lub flash drive, thiab qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev tawm tsam.
Cov kab hauv qab: txoj hauv kev software tsis muab qib siab ntawm kev ruaj ntseg zoo li AES encryption. Nws yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv yooj yim dua. Ntawm qhov tod tes, software encryption ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tseem zoo dua tsis muaj encryption txhua. Thiab qhov tseeb no tso cai rau peb kom paub meej qhov txawv ntawm cov hom kev cryptography: kho vajtse encryption ntawm flash drive yog qhov tsim nyog, es, rau cov neeg ua haujlwm (piv txwv li, thaum lub tuam txhab cov neeg ua haujlwm siv drives tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm); thiab software yog tsim nyog rau cov neeg siv xav tau.
Txawm li cas los xij, Kingston faib nws cov qauv tsav (piv txwv li, IronKey S1000) rau hauv Basic thiab Enterprise versions. Hais txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tiv thaiv cov khoom, lawv yuav luag zoo ib yam rau ib leeg, tab sis cov neeg ua haujlwm version muaj peev xwm tswj hwm tus tsav siv SafeConsole / IronKey EMS software. Nrog rau cov software no, tus tsav ua haujlwm nrog huab lossis cov servers hauv zos kom tswj hwm tus password tiv thaiv thiab nkag mus rau cov cai. Cov neeg siv tau txais lub sijhawm los rov qab cov passwords ploj, thiab cov thawj coj tuaj yeem hloov cov drives uas tsis siv rau cov haujlwm tshiab.
Kingston flash drives nrog AES encryption ua haujlwm li cas?
Kingston siv 256-ntsis AES-XTS kho vajtse encryption (siv tus yuam sij xaiv tag nrho) rau tag nrho nws cov tsav ruaj ntseg. Raws li peb tau sau tseg saum toj no, flash drives muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov khoom tivthaiv ib tug nyias nyias rau encrypting thiab decrypting cov ntaub ntawv, uas ua raws li ib tug tas li active random tooj generator.
Thaum koj txuas ib lub cuab yeej mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj USB thawj zaug, qhov pib teeb tsa Wizard qhia koj kom teeb tus password tus tswv kom nkag mus rau lub cuab yeej. Tom qab qhib lub tsav, encryption algorithms yuav cia li pib ua haujlwm raws li cov neeg siv nyiam.
Tib lub sijhawm, rau tus neeg siv, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub flash drive yuav tsis hloov pauv - nws tseem tuaj yeem rub tawm thiab tso cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm lub cuab yeej, zoo li thaum ua haujlwm nrog USB flash drive li niaj zaus. Qhov txawv tsuas yog thaum koj txuas lub flash drive rau lub khoos phis tawj tshiab, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau qhov teeb tsa password kom nkag mus rau koj cov ntaub ntawv.
Vim li cas thiab leej twg xav tau flash drive nrog hardware encryption?
Rau cov koom haum uas cov ntaub ntawv rhiab heev yog ib feem ntawm kev lag luam (txawm hais tias nyiaj txiag, kev kho mob, lossis tsoomfwv), encryption yog qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws. AES hardware encryption yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas tuaj yeem siv los ntawm txhua lub tuam txhab: los ntawm cov tib neeg thiab cov lag luam me mus rau cov tuam txhab loj, nrog rau cov tub rog thiab tsoomfwv cov koom haum. Txhawm rau saib qhov teeb meem no me ntsis ntxiv, siv encrypted USB drives yog qhov tsim nyog:
- Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tuam txhab tsis pub lwm tus paub cov ntaub ntawv
- Tiv thaiv cov neeg siv khoom cov ntaub ntawv
- Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tuam txhab los ntawm kev poob cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov neeg siv khoom loyalty
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qee cov tuam txhab lag luam muaj kev ruaj ntseg flash drives (xws li Kingston) muab cov tuam txhab nrog cov kev daws teeb meem tsim los ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau thiab cov hom phiaj ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Tab sis cov kab tsim tawm loj (xws li DataTraveler flash drives) tiv nrog lawv cov dej num zoo kawg nkaus thiab muaj peev xwm muab kev ruaj ntseg hauv chav ua haujlwm.
1. Ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tuam txhab cov ntaub ntawv tsis pub lwm tus paub
Xyoo 2017, ib tus neeg nyob hauv London tau tshawb pom lub USB tsav hauv ib qho ntawm cov chaw ua si uas tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv tus password ntsig txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm tshav dav hlau Heathrow, suav nrog qhov chaw ntawm lub koob yees duab soj ntsuam thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tuaj txog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm siab. Lub flash drive kuj muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntawv hla hluav taws xob thiab nkag mus rau cov lej txwv rau thaj chaw hauv tshav dav hlau.
Cov kws tshuaj ntsuam hais tias yog vim li cas rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no yog cyber tsis paub ntawv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tuam txhab, uas tuaj yeem "xov" cov ntaub ntawv zais cia los ntawm lawv tus kheej tsis saib xyuas. Flash drives nrog hardware encryption ib feem daws qhov teeb meem no, vim hais tias yog hais tias xws li ib tug tsav ploj, koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm mus saib tau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws tsis muaj tus tswv lo lus zais ntawm tib tus neeg saib xyuas kev ruaj ntseg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis cuam tshuam qhov tseeb tias cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia los tuav flash drives, txawm tias peb tab tom tham txog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv los ntawm encryption.
2. Tiv thaiv cov neeg siv khoom cov ntaub ntawv
Ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau txhua lub koom haum yog saib xyuas cov neeg siv khoom cov ntaub ntawv, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog cov ntaub ntawv no uas feem ntau pauv ntawm cov lag luam sib txawv thiab, raws li txoj cai, tsis pub leej twg paub: piv txwv li, nws yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev lag luam nyiaj txiag, keeb kwm kho mob, thiab lwm yam.
3. Kev tiv thaiv kev poob nyiaj thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom
Siv USB li nrog hardware encryption tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov koom haum. Cov tuam txhab uas ua txhaum txoj cai tiv thaiv tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem raug nplua nyiaj ntau. Yog li ntawd, cov lus nug yuav tsum tau nug: nws puas tsim nyog yuav tau txais kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo?
Txawm tias tsis suav nrog kev cuam tshuam nyiaj txiag, lub sijhawm thiab cov peev txheej siv los kho cov kab mob kev nyab xeeb uas tshwm sim tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias cov ntaub ntawv ua txhaum cai cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv khoom cov ntaub ntawv, lub tuam txhab muaj kev pheej hmoo rau cov khoom lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam uas muaj cov neeg sib tw muab cov khoom zoo sib xws lossis kev pabcuam.
Leej twg lav qhov tsis muaj "bookmarks" los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thaum siv flash drive nrog hardware encryption?
Hauv lub ntsiab lus peb tau tsa, lo lus nug no yog kab tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Ntawm cov lus hais rau tsab xov xwm hais txog Kingston DataTraveler drives, peb tau hla lwm lo lus nug: "Koj cov khoom puas muaj kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm peb tus kws tshaj lij ywj pheej?" Zoo ... nws yog ib qho kev txaus siab: cov neeg siv xav kom paub tseeb tias peb cov USB drives tsis muaj qhov yuam kev, xws li tsis muaj zog encryption lossis muaj peev xwm hla dhau tus password nkag. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog dab tsi cov txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj Kingston drives undergo ua ntej tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm tiag tiag flash drives.
Leej twg lav kev ntseeg tau? Nws yuav zoo li peb tuaj yeem hais tau zoo tias, "Kingston ua nws - nws lav nws." Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, xws li cov nqe lus yuav tsis raug, vim hais tias cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus yog ib tug txaus siab tog. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov khoom raug kuaj los ntawm ib tug thib peb tog nrog kev txawj ntse ywj siab. Tshwj xeeb, Kingston hardware-encrypted drives (tshwj tsis yog DTLPG3) yog cov koom nrog hauv Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP) thiab tau lees paub rau Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txheej Txheem (FIPS). Cov tsav tsheb kuj tau ntawv pov thawj raws li GLBA, HIPPA, HITECH, PCI thiab GTSA cov qauv.
1. Cryptographic module validation program
Txoj haujlwm CMVP yog ib txoj haujlwm sib koom ua ke ntawm National Institute of Standards and Technology ntawm US Department of Commerce thiab Canadian Cyber ββββSecurity Center. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau txhawb kev thov rau cov khoom siv pov thawj cryptographic thiab muab kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb rau tsoomfwv cov koomhaum thiab cov kev lag luam tswj hwm (xws li cov tuam txhab nyiaj txiag thiab kev noj qab haus huv) uas siv rau hauv kev yuav khoom.
Cov cuab yeej raug sim tawm tsam cov txheej txheem cryptographic thiab kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm kev ywj pheej cryptography thiab cov chaw soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb uas tau lees paub los ntawm National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua daim ntawv tshaj tawm hauv chaw soj nstuam raug tshuaj xyuas kom ua raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem (FIPS) 140-2 thiab lees paub los ntawm CMVP.
Modules tau txheeb xyuas raws li FIPS 140-2 raws li kev pom zoo siv los ntawm US thiab Canadian tsoom fwv cov koom haum mus txog lub Cuaj Hli 22, 2026. Tom qab ntawd, lawv yuav muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe, txawm tias lawv tseem tuaj yeem siv tau. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 22, 2020, kev lees txais daim ntawv thov kev lees paub raws li FIPS 140-3 tus qauv tau xaus. Thaum cov khoom siv dhau qhov kev kuaj xyuas, lawv yuav raug hloov mus rau cov npe nquag ntawm cov khoom siv kuaj thiab ntseeg siab rau tsib xyoos. Yog tias cov cuab yeej cryptographic tsis dhau qhov kev pov thawj, nws tsis pom zoo siv hauv tsoomfwv cov koomhaum hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Canada.
2. Daim ntawv pov thawj FIPS yuav tsum ua li cas?
Hacking cov ntaub ntawv txawm tias los ntawm ib qho tsis tau lees paub encrypted tsav yog qhov nyuaj thiab ob peb tus neeg tuaj yeem ua tau, yog li thaum xaiv cov neeg siv khoom siv hauv tsev nrog ntawv pov thawj, koj tsis tas yuav thab. Hauv cov tuam txhab lag luam, qhov xwm txheej txawv: thaum xaiv USB drives ruaj ntseg, cov tuam txhab feem ntau muab qhov tseem ceeb rau FIPS ntawv pov thawj qib. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus muaj lub tswv yim meej ntawm cov qib no txhais li cas.
Tam sim no FIPS 140-2 tus qauv qhia txog plaub theem kev ruaj ntseg sib txawv uas flash drives tuaj yeem ua tau raws li. Thawj theem muab cov txheej txheem nruab nrab ntawm kev ruaj ntseg nta. Qib plaub hais txog cov kev cai nruj rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej ntawm cov khoom siv. Qib ob thiab peb muab kev ntsuas ntawm cov kev cai no thiab tsim ib hom golden txhais tau tias.
- Theem XNUMX Kev Ruaj Ntseg: Qib XNUMX tau lees paub USB tsav yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg ib qho kev encryption algorithm lossis lwm yam kev ruaj ntseg.
- Qhov thib ob theem ntawm kev ruaj ntseg: ntawm no tus tsav yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog muab kev tiv thaiv cryptographic, tab sis kuj txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kev cuam tshuam tsis raug cai ntawm qib firmware yog tias ib tus neeg sim qhib lub tsav.
- Qib peb ntawm kev ruaj ntseg: suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kev nyiag los ntawm kev rhuav tshem encryption "cov yuam sij". Ntawd yog, yuav tsum muaj lus teb rau kev nkag mus rau kev sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, qib peb lav tau qib siab dua ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam: uas yog, nyeem cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm flash drive siv wireless hacking li yuav tsis ua haujlwm.
- Qib plaub kev ruaj ntseg: qib siab tshaj plaws, uas suav nrog kev tiv thaiv tag nrho ntawm cryptographic module, uas muab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshawb pom thiab kev tawm tsam rau txhua qhov kev nkag mus tsis tau tso cai los ntawm tus neeg siv tsis tau tso cai. Flash drives uas tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj qib plaub kuj suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas tsis tso cai rau kev nyiag los ntawm kev hloov pauv qhov voltage thiab ambient kub.
Kingston tsav hauv qab no tau lees paub rau FIPS 140-2 Qib 2000: DataTraveler DT4000, DataTraveler DT2G1000, IronKey S300, IronKey D10. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsav no yog lawv lub peev xwm los teb rau qhov kev sim nkag: yog tias tus password nkag mus tsis raug XNUMX zaug, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus tsav yuav raug rhuav tshem.
Yuav ua li cas ntxiv Kingston flash drives ua dua li encryption?
Thaum nws los txog ua kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg, nrog rau kho vajtse encryption ntawm flash drives, built-in antiviruses, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm sab nraud influences, synchronization nrog tus kheej huab thiab lwm yam nta uas peb yuav tham hauv qab no los cawm. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv flash drive nrog software encryption. Dab ntxwg nyoog yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus. Thiab ntawm no yog dab tsi.
1. Kingston DataTraveler 2000
Cia peb ua piv txwv li USB drive. . Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm flash drives nrog kho vajtse encryption, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tsuas yog ib qho nrog nws tus kheej lub cev keyboard ntawm rooj plaub. Qhov 11-khawm keypad no ua rau DT2000 tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm tus tswv tsev (kom siv DataTraveler 2000, koj yuav tsum nias lub pob Key, tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau koj tus password, thiab nias lub pob tseem ceeb dua). Tsis tas li ntawd, lub flash drive no muaj IP57 degree ntawm kev tiv thaiv dej thiab plua plav (xws li Kingston tsis hais qhov no nyob qhov twg ntawm lub ntim lossis hauv cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm lub vev xaib raug cai).
Muaj 2000mAh lithium polymer roj teeb nyob hauv DataTraveler 40, thiab Kingston qhia cov neeg yuav khoom kom ntsaws lub tsav rau hauv USB chaw nres nkoj tsawg kawg ib teev ua ntej siv nws kom tso cai rau lub roj teeb kom them. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv dhau los : Tsis muaj laj thawj txhawj xeeb - lub flash drive tsis qhib rau hauv lub charger vim tias tsis muaj kev thov rau tus tswj los ntawm lub kaw lus. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj leej twg yuav nyiag koj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm wireless intrusion.
2. Kingston DataTraveler Locker+ G3
Yog peb tham txog tus qauv Kingston - nws nyiam mloog nrog lub peev xwm los teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab los ntawm flash drive rau Google huab cia, OneDrive, Amazon Cloud lossis Dropbox. Cov ntaub ntawv synchronization nrog cov kev pabcuam no kuj muaj.
Ib qho ntawm cov lus nug uas peb cov neeg nyeem nug peb yog: "Tab sis yuav ua li cas coj cov ntaub ntawv encrypted los ntawm thaub qab?" Yooj yim heev. Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum synchronizing nrog huab, cov ntaub ntawv yog decrypted, thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm thaub qab ntawm huab nyob ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm huab nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog ua raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus neeg siv. Yog tsis muaj nws tso cai, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav muab upload rau huab.
3. Kingston DataTraveler Vault Privacy 3.0
Tab sis cov khoom siv Kingston Lawv kuj tuaj nrog built-in Drive Security antivirus los ntawm ESET. Lub tom kawg tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev ntxeem tau ntawm USB tsav los ntawm cov kab mob, spyware, Trojans, worms, rootkits, thiab kev sib txuas rau lwm tus neeg lub computer, ib tug yuav hais tias, nws tsis ntshai. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav ceeb toom tus tswv ntawm lub tsav tam sim txog qhov muaj peev xwm hem, yog tias pom muaj. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus neeg siv tsis tas yuav nruab anti-virus software nws tus kheej thiab them nyiaj rau qhov kev xaiv no. ESET Drive Security yog pre-installed ntawm lub flash drive nrog ib daim ntawv tso cai tsib xyoos.
Kingston DT Vault Privacy 3.0 yog tsim thiab tsom rau cov kws tshaj lij IT. Nws tso cai rau cov thawj coj siv nws ua tus tsav ib leeg lossis ntxiv nws los ua ib feem ntawm kev daws teeb meem hauv nruab nrab, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los teeb tsa lossis rov pib dua tus password thiab teeb tsa cov cai tswj hwm. Kingston txawm ntxiv USB 3.0, uas tso cai rau koj hloov cov ntaub ntawv ruaj ntseg sai dua USB 2.0.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, DT Vault Privacy 3.0 yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tuam txhab lag luam thiab cov koom haum uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws ntawm lawv cov ntaub ntawv. Nws tseem tuaj yeem raug pom zoo rau txhua tus neeg siv uas siv cov khoos phis tawj nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus pej xeem.
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog Kingston cov khoom, hu rau .
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com