Nyob zoo sawv daws. Hnub ua ntej ntawm kev pib ntawm ib pab pawg tshiab Peb tab tom tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb sau los ntawm peb cov tub ntxhais kawm, nrog rau cov kws qhia chav kawm, tus kws tshaj lij kev txhawb nqa rau REG.RU cov khoom lag luam - Roman Travin.
Kab lus no yuav xav txog 2 qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev hloov cov disks thiab hloov cov ntaub ntawv mus rau cov disks tshiab uas muaj peev xwm loj dua nrog kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm cov array thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Thawj rooj plaub yuav txhawj xeeb txog kev hloov cov disks nrog tib MBR / MBR lossis GPT / GPT muab faib, qhov thib ob cuam tshuam txog kev hloov cov disks nrog MBR muab faib nrog cov disks uas muaj peev xwm ntau dua 2 TB, uas koj yuav tsum tau nruab. GPT muab faib nrog biosboot muab faib. Hauv ob qho xwm txheej, cov disks uas peb hloov cov ntaub ntawv twb tau teeb tsa ntawm lub server. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus siv rau hauv paus muab faib yog ext4.
Case 1: Hloov cov disk me me nrog cov disks loj dua (txog 2TB)
Kev sib tw: Hloov cov disks tam sim no nrog cov disks loj dua (txog 2 TB) nrog cov ntaub ntawv xa mus. Hauv qhov no, peb muaj 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) disks nrog lub kaw lus nruab thiab 2 x 1 TB SATA disks uas lub kaw lus yuav tsum tau hloov.
Cia peb saib ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa disk tam sim no.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Cia peb tshawb xyuas qhov chaw siv cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,6M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0
Qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus ua ntej hloov cov disks yog 204 GB, 2 md126 software arrays yog siv, uas yog mounted hauv /boot и md127, uas yog siv raws li lub cev ntim rau VG group vg0.
1. Tshem tawm cov partitions ntawm arrays
Tshawb xyuas lub xeev ntawm array
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Lub system siv 2 arrays: md126 (mount point /boot) - muaj ib seem /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM rau sib puav thiab lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv system) - muaj /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Peb kos cov partitions ntawm thawj disk uas siv nyob rau hauv txhua array li phem.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Peb tshem tawm / dev / sda thaiv cov cuab yeej faib tawm ntawm cov arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2Tom qab peb tau tshem tawm cov disk los ntawm array, cov ntaub ntawv thaiv cov cuab yeej yuav zoo li no.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Lub xeev ntawm arrays tom qab tshem tawm cov disks.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>2. Luam cov lus muab faib rau hauv disk tshiab
Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov lus muab faib siv rau ntawm disk nrog cov lus txib hauv qab no.
fdisk -l /dev/sdb | grep 'Disk label type'
Cov zis rau MBR yuav yog:
Disk label type: dosrau GPT:
Disk label type: gpt
Luam cov lus muab faib rau MBR:
sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdcHauv pab neeg no tus kheej disk yog qhia с ntawm uas lub markup yog theej, thib ob - qhov twg luam.
XIM: Rau GPT tus kheej disk yog qhia ntawm qhov twg luam markup, thib ob disk qhia lub disk los ntawm qhov twg luam markup. Yog tias koj sib xyaw cov disks, qhov pib zoo muab faib yuav raug sau thiab rhuav tshem.
Luam lub rooj layout rau GPT:
sgdisk -R /dev/sdс /dev/sdbTom ntej no, muab qhov random UUID rau disk (rau GPT).
sgdisk -G /dev/sdc
Tom qab qhov kev hais kom ua tiav, cov partitions yuav tsum tshwm sim ntawm lub disk /dev/sdc.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Yog hais tias, tom qab qhov kev txiav txim yog ua, cov partitions nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm lub disk /dev/sdc undecided, ces peb ua cov lus txib kom rov nyeem cov lus muab faib.
sfdisk -R /dev/sdcYog tias cov disks tam sim no siv MBR cov lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau xa mus rau cov disks loj dua 2 TB, tom qab ntawd ntawm cov disks tshiab koj yuav tsum tau manually tsim GPT muab faib siv biosboot muab faib. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tau tham hauv Tshooj 2 ntawm kab lus no.
3. Ntxiv partitions ntawm lub disk tshiab rau cov array
Cia peb ntxiv disk partitions rau cov arrays sib xws.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc2Peb xyuas tias cov seem tau ntxiv lawm.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Tom qab ntawd, peb tos kom cov arrays synchronize.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[==>..................] recovery = 10.6% (24859136/233206784) finish=29.3min speed=118119K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Koj tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov txheej txheem synchronization tsis tu ncua siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob watch.
watch -n 2 cat /proc/mdstat
Parameter -n qhia meej ntawm lub sijhawm li cas hauv vib nas this cov lus txib yuav tsum tau ua kom kuaj xyuas kev ua tiav.
Rov ua cov kauj ruam 1 - 3 rau qhov hloov tshiab tom ntej.
Peb kos cov partitions ntawm lub thib ob disk uas yog siv nyob rau hauv txhua array li phem.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Tshem tawm cov cuab yeej thaiv kev faib tawm /dev/sdb los ntawm arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2Tom qab peb tau tshem tawm cov disk los ntawm array, cov ntaub ntawv thaiv cov cuab yeej yuav zoo li no.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Lub xeev ntawm arrays tom qab tshem tawm cov disks.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Luam theej MBR muab faib lub rooj los ntawm disk /dev/sdс rau disk /dev/sdd.
sfdisk -d /dev/sdс | sfdisk /dev/sdd
Tom qab qhov kev hais kom ua tiav, cov partitions yuav tsum tshwm sim ntawm lub disk /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part Ntxiv disk partitions rau arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd2Peb xyuas tias cov seem tau ntxiv lawm.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Tom qab ntawd, peb tos kom cov arrays synchronize.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.5% (1200000/233206784) finish=35.4min speed=109090K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
5. Txhim kho GRUB ntawm cov tsav tshiab
Rau CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXRau Debian / Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
qhov twg X - tsab ntawv ntawm cov cuab yeej thaiv. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum nruab GRUB rau /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
6. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus txuas ntxiv (ext4) ntawm cov hauv paus muab faib
Ntawm cov disks tshiab /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd 931.5 GB muaj. Vim lub fact tias lub rooj muab faib tau theej los ntawm me me disks, cov partitions /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 222.5 GB muaj.
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Nws yog qhov tsim nyog:
- Txuas ntxiv muab faib 2 ntawm txhua qhov ntawm cov disks,
- nthuav array md127,
- Nthuav PV (lub cev ntim),
- nthuav LV (logical-volume) vg0-root,
- Nthuav cov ntaub ntawv system.
Siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob parted cia peb nthuav ntu /dev/sdc2 mus rau tus nqi siab tshaj plaws. Execute cov lus txib parted /dev/sdc (1) thiab saib cov lus muab faib tam sim no nrog cov lus txib p (2).
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, qhov kawg ntawm kev faib 2 xaus ntawm 240 GB. Cia peb nthuav qhov muab faib nrog cov lus txib resizepart 2, qhov twg 2 yog tus lej ntawm ntu (3). Peb qhia tus nqi hauv cov hom ntawv, piv txwv li 1000 GB, lossis siv qhov qhia txog qhov sib faib disk - 100%. Peb xyuas dua tias qhov muab faib muaj qhov loj me (4).
Rov ua cov kauj ruam saum toj no rau lub disk /dev/sdd. Tom qab expanding partitions /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 ua 930.5 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Tom qab no peb nthuav cov array Md127 mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws.
mdadm --grow /dev/md127 --size=maxPeb xyuas tias cov array tau nthuav dav. Tam sim no nws qhov loj me tau dhau los ua 930.4 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Kev nthuav dav ntxiv lub cev ntim. Ua ntej nthuav dav, cia peb tshawb xyuas lub xeev tam sim no ntawm PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [222,40 GiB / 0 free]
Total: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in use: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
Raws li tau pom, PV /dev/md127 siv 222.4 GB ntawm qhov chaw.
Peb nthuav PV nrog cov lus txib hauv qab no.
pvresize /dev/md127Tshawb xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm PV nthuav dav.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [930,38 GiB / 707,98 GiB free]
Total: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in use: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]Kev nthuav dav logical ntim. Ua ntej nthuav dav, cia peb tshawb xyuas lub xeev tam sim no ntawm LV (1).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<206,41 GiB] inherit
LV /dev/vg0/root siv 206.41 GB.
Peb nthuav LV nrog cov lus txib hauv qab no (2).
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-rootPeb xyuas qhov ua tiav (3).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<914,39 GiB] inherit
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, tom qab nthuav LV, tus nqi ntawm qhov chaw nyob disk tau dhau los ua 914.39 GB.
LV ntim tau nce (4), tab sis cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus tseem nyob 204 GB (5).
1. Cia peb nthuav cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-rootTom qab qhov hais kom ua tiav, peb xyuas qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,5M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 900G 1,3G 860G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0Qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus system yuav nce mus rau 900 GB. Tom qab ua tiav cov kauj ruam, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov qub disks.
Case 2: Hloov cov me me nrog cov disks loj (ntau dua 2TB)
Kev tawm dag zog: Hloov cov disks tam sim no nrog cov disks loj dua (2 x 3TB) thaum khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv qhov no, peb muaj 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) disks nrog lub kaw lus nruab thiab 2 x 3 TB SATA disks uas lub kaw lus yuav tsum tau hloov. Tam sim no disks siv MBR muab faib cov lus. Txij li cov disks tshiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua 2 TB, lawv yuav tsum tau siv lub rooj GPT, vim MBR tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov disks loj dua 2 TB.
Cia peb saib ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa disk tam sim no.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Cia peb tshawb xyuas cov lus muab faib siv rau ntawm disk /dev/sda.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep 'Disk label type'
Disk label type: dos
Hauv disk /dev/sdb siv lub rooj sib faib zoo sib xws. Cia peb tshawb xyuas qhov chaw siv disk ntawm qhov system.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,5M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus yuav siv 204 GB. Cia peb tshawb xyuas lub xeev tam sim no ntawm software RAID array.
1. Txhim kho GPT muab faib lub rooj thiab disk muab faib
Cia peb txheeb xyuas qhov kev teeb tsa disk los ntawm ntu.
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Модель: ATA KINGSTON SVP200S (scsi)
Диск /dev/sda: 240GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/512B
Таблица разделов: msdos
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Тип Файловая система Флаги
1 1049kB 1076MB 1075MB primary загрузочный, raid
2 1076MB 240GB 239GB primary raid
Ntawm 3TB disk tshiab peb yuav tsum tau tsim 3 partitions:
- Feem
bios_grub2MiB loj rau GPT BIOS compatibility, - Qhov muab faib rau RAID array uas yuav muab tso rau hauv
/boot. - Qhov muab faib rau RAID array uas yuav muaj LV root и LV swb.
Txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob parted pab yum install -y parted (rau CentOS), apt install -y parted (rau Debian / Ubuntu).
Kev Siv parted Cia peb khiav cov lus txib hauv qab no los faib cov disk.
Execute cov lus txib parted /dev/sdc thiab mus rau disk layout editing hom.
Tsim ib lub rooj faib GPT.
(parted) mktable gpt
Tsim 1 ntu bios_grub ntu thiab teem ib tug chij rau nws.
(parted) mkpart primary 1MiB 3MiB
(parted) set 1 bios_grub on
Tsim kev faib 2 thiab teeb tsa tus chij rau nws. Qhov muab faib yuav raug siv los ua ib qho thaiv rau RAID array thiab mounted rau hauv /boot.
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 3MiB 1028MiB
(parted) set 2 boot onPeb tsim ib ntu thib 3, uas tseem yuav raug siv los ua ib qho array thaiv uas LVM yuav nyob.
(parted) mkpart primary 1028MiB 100% Hauv qhov no, nws tsis tas yuav teeb tsa tus chij, tab sis yog tias tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem teeb tsa nrog cov lus txib hauv qab no.
(parted) set 3 raid onPeb xyuas lub rooj tsim.
(parted) p
Модель: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Диск /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/4096B
Таблица разделов: gpt
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Файловая система Имя Флаги
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary bios_grub
2 3146kB 1077MB 1074MB primary загрузочный
3 1077MB 3001GB 3000GB primary
Peb muab GUID tshiab rau lub disk.
sgdisk -G /dev/sdd
2. Tshem cov partitions ntawm thawj disk ntawm arrays
Tshawb xyuas lub xeev ntawm array
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Lub kaw lus siv 2 arrays: md126 (mount point / khau raj) - muaj /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM rau swap thiab lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv system) - muaj /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Peb kos cov partitions ntawm thawj disk uas siv nyob rau hauv txhua array li phem.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Tshem tawm cov cuab yeej thaiv kev faib tawm /dev/sda los ntawm arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2
Tshawb xyuas lub xeev ntawm cov array tom qab tshem tawm cov disk.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
3. Ntxiv partitions ntawm lub disk tshiab rau cov array
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog ntxiv partitions ntawm cov disk tshiab rau cov arrays rau synchronization. Cia peb saib ntawm lub xeev tam sim no ntawm disk layout.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Feem /dev/sdc1 nws yog bios_grub ntu thiab tsis koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov arrays. Cov arrays tsuas yog siv xwb /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdc3. Peb ntxiv cov seem no rau cov arrays sib thooj.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc3Tom qab ntawd peb tos kom lub array synchronize.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[>....................] recovery = 0.2% (619904/233206784) finish=31.2min speed=123980K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Disk partitioning tom qab ntxiv partitions rau cov array.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk 4. Tshem cov partitions ntawm lub thib ob disk ntawm arrays
Peb kos cov partitions ntawm lub thib ob disk uas yog siv nyob rau hauv txhua array li phem.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Tshem tawm cov cuab yeej thaiv kev faib tawm /dev/sda los ntawm arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2
5. Luam GPT layout rooj thiab synchronize cov array
Txhawm rau luam daim GPT markup rooj peb yuav siv cov nqi hluav taws xob sgdisk, uas muaj nyob rau hauv pob rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog disk partitions thiab ib lub rooj GPT - gdisk.
chaw gdisk rau CentOS:
yum install -y gdisk
chaw gdisk rau Debian / Ubuntu:
apt install -y gdiskXIM: Rau GPT tus kheej disk yog qhia ntawm qhov twg luam lub cim, thib ob disk qhia lub disk los ntawm qhov twg luam lub cim. Yog tias koj sib xyaw cov disks, qhov pib zoo muab faib yuav raug sau thiab rhuav tshem.
Luam GPT markup rooj.
sgdisk -R /dev/sdd /dev/sdc
Disk partitioning tom qab hloov lub rooj rau disk /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part Tom ntej no, peb ntxiv txhua qhov partitions koom nrog software RAID arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd3Peb tab tom tos rau lub array kom synchronize.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd3[3] sdc3[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.0% (148224/233206784) finish=26.2min speed=148224K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Tom qab luam GPT muab faib rau qhov thib ob tshiab disk, qhov muab faib yuav zoo li no.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Tom ntej no, nruab GRUB ntawm cov disks tshiab.
Installation rau CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXKev teeb tsa rau Debian / Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
qhov twg X - daim ntawv tsav tsheb, hauv peb rooj plaub tsav /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
Peb hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog array.
Rau CentOS:
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose > /etc/mdadm.confRau Debian / Ubuntu:
echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose | awk '/ARRAY/ {print}' >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Hloov kho cov duab initrd:
Rau CentOS:
dracut -f -v --regenerate-allRau Debian / Ubuntu:
update-initramfs -u -k allPeb hloov kho GRUB kev teeb tsa.
Rau CentOS:
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Rau Debian / Ubuntu:
update-grubTom qab ua tiav cov kauj ruam, cov qub disks tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm.
6. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus txuas ntxiv (ext4) ntawm cov hauv paus muab faib
Disk muab faib ua ntej cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus nthuav dav tom qab tsiv lub kaw lus mus rau 2 x 3TB disks (RAID-1).
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Tam sim no ntu /dev/sdc3 и /dev/sdd3 ua 2.7 TB. Txij li thaum peb tsim ib tug tshiab disk layout nrog ib lub rooj GPT, qhov luaj li cas ntawm muab faib 3 tau tam sim ntawd teem rau qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov chaw disk; nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis tas yuav nthuav cov muab faib.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog:
- nthuav array md126,
- Nthuav PV (lub cev ntim),
- nthuav LV (logical-volume) vg0-root,
- Nthuav cov ntaub ntawv system.
1. Nthuav cov array md126 mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws.
mdadm --grow /dev/md126 --size=max
Tom qab array expansion md126 qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw nyob tau nce mus rau 2.7 TB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Kev nthuav dav lub cev ntim.
Ua ntej nthuav dav, xyuas tus nqi tam sim no ntawm qhov chaw nyob PV /dev/md126.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- 222,40g 0 Peb nthuav PV nrog cov lus txib hauv qab no.
pvresize /dev/md126
Peb xyuas qhov ua tiav.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- <2,73t 2,51tKev nthuav dav logical ntim vg0-root.
Tom qab nthuav PV, cia peb tshawb xyuas qhov chaw nyob VG.
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg0 1 2 0 wz--n- <2,73t 2,51tCia peb tshawb xyuas qhov chaw nyob los ntawm LV.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- <206,41g
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00g Lub vg0-hauv paus ntim occupies 206.41 GB.
Peb nthuav LV mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws disk qhov chaw.
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-root Tshawb xyuas qhov chaw LV tom qab nthuav dav.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- 2,71t
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00gnthuav cov ntaub ntawv system (ext4).
Cia peb tshawb xyuas qhov loj me ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus tam sim no.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,4G 192G 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Lub ntim /dev/mapper/vg0-hauv paus occupies 204 GB tom qab LV nthuav.
Expanding cov ntaub ntawv system.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-root
Tshawb xyuas qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus tom qab nthuav nws.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 2,7T 1,4G 2,6T 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0
Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus loj tau nce ntxiv kom npog tag nrho cov ntim.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com