Lub Ib Hlis 14, thawj hnub ntawm Xyoo Tshiab Xyoo 2017, tsab xov xwm "".
1987 xyoo
Tom qab nyeem nws, uas ua rau muaj kev xav ntau heev, xyoo 1987 tuaj txog hauv lub siab, ntawm nws tus kheej yog ib xyoo tseem ceeb hauv kuv lub neej. Qhov no yog lub xyoo thaum kuv, los ntawm ib tug zoo tib yam junior soj ntsuam, tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm ib tug ntawm cov thawj departments ntawm ib tug tshawb fawb lub koom haum, uas tau ua hauj lwm los xyuas kom meej qhov siab tshaj plaws automation ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb.
Thiab yog li ntawd, 30 xyoo dhau los, tam sim no rov qab rau xyoo 1987, Andrew Tanenbaum tau sau Unix-tshaj Minix operating system ua ib phau ntawv rau nws phau ntawv "Operating Systems: Design and Implementation" (1987, ISBN 0-13-637406-9). Ib qho condensed 12000 kab ntawm qhov chaws, sau feem ntau hauv C programming lus, ntawm Minix kernel, nco tswj subsystem, thiab cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv. Andrew Tanenbaum tsim Minix OS rau IBM PC thiab IBM PC / AT computers muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, cov khoos phis tawj ntawm tus kheej siv tau nrog IBM PC pib tshwm hauv peb lub tebchaws thiab txawm tias ES-1845, uas, raws li nws tig tawm tom qab, ua tiav Minix OS.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo 1987, kuv tau pib sau "ENGINEER THIAB COMPUTER" kem hauv "Technology and Science" magazine. Thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm hauv ntu no yog ib tsab xov xwm hauv No.7 ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm hu ua β" Thiab tsab xov xwm no hais tias nws yog operating systems uas tso cai rau koj hloov mus rau "koj" los ntawm lub computer.
Tab sis twb nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm tom ntej no tsab xov xwm tau luam tawm nrog lub npe "Introduction to UNIX operating system":
Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, Tebchaws Meskas tau tso tawm Txoj Haujlwm Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Nyab Xeeb (SDI), thiab USSR tau tsim qhov kev pabcuam Anti-SDI.
Simulation sawv
Raws li ib feem ntawm qhov kev pab cuam no, nws tau npaj los tsim ib qho kev simulation qauv sawv ntsug (SIM) thiab lub khoos phis tawj-pab tshawb fawb tsim (CADR), uas yuav tso cai tsis tau tsuas yog simulate qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv SOI, tab sis kuj yuav tso tawm rau pem hauv ntej. cov kev xav tau rau cov tshuab uas cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig no. Lub hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm SIM / SAIPR yog los ua lub khoos phis tawj muaj zog txuas nrog lub khoos phis tawj hauv zos ntawm cov chaw tshawb fawb:
Lub network yuav tsum suav nrog cov khoos phis tawj ES loj, hom ES-1066, nrog rau cov khoos phis tawj ntawm tus kheej txog li 200 daim. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov khoos phis tawj no yuav tsum tau nruab UNIX-compatible operating systems MOS EC. Thiab yog tias tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov tshuab loj thiab OS MOS EC tau teeb tsa rau lawv, ces muaj teeb meem nrog kev txhim kho rau hauv computer xws li ES-1840, vim yuav tsum muaj lub hard drive, thiab kev tso tawm ntawm OS tau ncua sijhawm. Thiab kev xa khoom ntawm tus kheej lub computer nws tus kheej yog qhov nyuaj heev. Lawv mob heev tsis muaj. Lawv tsuas yog tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm Kev Txiav Txim Siab ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm CPSU thiab Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm USSR, yav dhau los tau pom zoo tag nrho cov no nrog cov haujlwm txaus siab, xws li Lub Xeev Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Npaj ntawm USSR (tam sim no Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Sib Tham ntawm Lavxias. Federation nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev), Lub Xeev Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas ntawm VTI (Lub Xeev Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Computer Engineering thiab Informatics, USSR State Committee ntawm computer technology, nrhiav tau nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1986) thiab ntau lwm tus.
Qhov xwm txheej lom zem tshwm sim thaum pom zoo rau txoj kev npaj muab cov cuab yeej siv computer rau VTI Group.
Lawv tuaj rau koj
Peb peb tuaj txog ntawd - kuv nrog rau qib loj, hauv khau boots chrome, nrog rab yaj phom nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab rau ntawm kuv txoj siv, thiab nrog ib lub thawv ntim rau hauv kuv txhais tes. Tsis yog, nws tsis yog ib lub thawv rau nuclear, nws muaj ib daim ntawv qhia txog yav tom ntej Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 931-226 hnub tim 8.08.87 Lub Yim Hli, XNUMX. Kuv tau nrog rau kev hwm (qhov no yog cov lus qhia ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub koom haum, Lieutenant General Volkov L.I.) Major General Bordyukov M.M. thiab tus Colonel Boyarsky AG. Thaum peb nce mus rau Thawj Tswj Hwm chav txais tos, peb raug ntaus los ntawm ob yam - tus tuav ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj heev thiab PC Olivetty lub thawv ntim hauv qhov tsis sib xws thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam txais tos. Nws yog npau suav phem kom muaj tsawg kawg ob peb lub khoos phis tawj ntawm lub koom haum.
Rau peb cov lus nug seb puas tuaj yeem tau txais mus rau Thawj Tswj Hwm, tus tuav ntaub ntawv tau teb tias nws tseem tsis tau nyob ntawd, tab sis yuav tsum tuaj txog ib feeb thiab tau tos. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, Thawj Tswj Hwm thiab nws tus pab cuam tshwm sim. Rau cov lus nug ntsiag to ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm, tus tuav ntaub ntawv tau teb ua siab dawb: - "Nws nyob ntawm koj!". Nws ntsiag to mus rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm, peb raws nws.
Thiab thaum nws paub tias peb txhua tus tuaj txog, peb tau txais nws daim ntawv pom zoo kos npe yam tsis muaj lus nug ntxiv. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov khoom siv no yog cov khoom siv loj - lub kaum ob thiab ib nrab ntawm cov khoos phis tawj loj, mus txog ES-1066, thiab txog 200 ES-1841/45 PCs, yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom siv computer txhua xyoo hauv USSR. Thiab kuv yuav tsum hais, txawm hais tias ncua sijhawm, peb tau txais cov khoos phis tawj no:
Mus deb!
Tab sis muaj lwm yam piv txwv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau txais vixaj los ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Kev Sib Txuas Lus ntawm USSR Armed Forces.
Txoj hauj lwm no tau tuav lub sijhawm ntawd los ntawm Lieutenant General Kirill Nikolaevich Trofimov, tus neeg koom nrog hauv Great Patriotic War, Hero of Socialist Labor. Thaum lub sij hawm teem nrog Trofimov K.N. Kuv tuaj txog, raws li ib txwm muaj, nrog rau "lub luag haujlwm" dav dav. Trofimov K. N. caw kuv mus rau lub rooj thiab peb sib tham ntev heev txog cov teeb meem ntawm automation, equipping lub koom haum ntawm lub Moscow cheeb tsam nrog cov khoom siv computer. Cov lus nug tseem ceeb yog vim li cas thiaj li yuav tsum muaj kev nyiam rau koj. Tab sis thaum kawg nws hais tias: "Muab koj cov ntaub ntawv rau kuv, kuv mam li kos npe." Tab sis thaum kuv tau txais lawv tawm, lub suab ntawm "lub luag hauj lwm" general (Kuv yuav tsis muab nws lub xeem) tau hnov: "Vim li cas koj tsis to taub tag nrho qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ...". Thiab qhov no tau hais rau K.N. Trofimov ... Kuv tau nkees. Thiab rau qhov laj thawj zoo. General Trofimov K. N. ntsiag to sawv, nqa daim ntawv tais ceev tseg nrog peb cov ntawv thiab muab pov rau ntawm qhov chaw tawm: "Tawm ntawm no!" Tab sis txhua yam zoo uas xaus zoo. Kuv tuaj ntsib nws dua, thov txim thiab tau txais vixaj. Hmoov tsis zoo, tus neeg saib xyuas no tau tuag hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm lub Kaum Hli 19, 1987 hauv kev sib tsoo ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm Mi-8 nyoob hoom qav taub hauv Hungary.
Thawj Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lub Xeev Technical Commission ntawm Russia / FSTEC ntawm Russia
Ib txhij nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov phiaj xwm rau kev muab cov khoom siv hauv computer, kev txhim kho thiab kev pom zoo ntawm Cov Kev Qhia Tshwj Xeeb rau kev tsim qauv ntawm SIM / CAIPR tau pib. Lub koom haum ntawm Technical Cybernetics ntawm Academy of Sciences ntawm BSSR, tus thawj coj Semenkov O.I., tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj cog lus. Los ntawm txoj kev, ib zaug lub koom haum ntawm Cybernetics ntawm Ukrainian SSR Academy ntawm Sciences kuj tau txiav txim siab. Tab sis qhov kev nyiam tseem tau muab rau ITK ntawm BSSR Academy of Sciences. Thiab thaum kawg ntawm 1986, cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb tau npaj txhij, txhua yam uas tseem tshuav yog kom tau txais vixaj los ntawm Thawj Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj, Colonel-General Yu.A. Yashin, thiab pom zoo los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm BSSR, Academician ntawm USSR Academy ntawm Sciences N.A. Borisevich. thiab tus thawj coj. Tom qab ntawd, dov koj lub tes tsho thiab ua tiav cov haujlwm uas tau muab. Thiab tom qab ntawd thaum nruab nrab Lub Kaum Ob Hlis kuv tau kawm tias General Yu.A. Yashin tau tuaj txog ntawm lub koom haum. Kuv lob lub thawv rau khaub ncaws nrog cov qauv kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab maj nrawm rau sab stairs mus rau qhov chaw txais tos ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub koom haum. Thiab ntawm tus ntaiv kuv tuaj ntsib lub taub hau ntawm lub koom haum thiab General Yashin Yu.A. Tsis muaj hesitation, kuv thov Yu.A. Yashin tso cai. tiv tauj lub taub hau ntawm lub koom haum. Nws raug ntiab tawm, tab sis tso cai. Kuv tau tshaj tawm rau lub taub hau ntawm lub koom haum tias peb tau dhau sijhawm thiab xav tau vixaj los ntawm Yu.A. Yashin. Thiab saib seb, qhov vixaj no tau muaj nyob rau ntawm lub davhlau ntawm ntaiv.
Lub Ib Hlis 1992, Yashin Yu.A. dhau los ua tus thawj tswj hwm, thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 18, 1993 nws tau raug xaiv tsa Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lub Xeev Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb nyob rau hauv Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation, lub luag haujlwm thiab cov xwm txheej tau nce ntau (tus Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj tau sib npaug rau Minister). Los ntawm ib lub cev tshwj xeeb ntawm tub rog, Lub Xeev Technical Commission tau dhau los ua tsoomfwv lub luag haujlwm rau kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv. Tam sim no, Lub Xeev Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam ntawm Russia tau hloov mus rau Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Pabcuam Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Lag Luam (FSTEC ntawm Russia). Thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 4, 2002, koj tus tub qhe txo hwj chim tau txais ib lub sijhawm saib xyuas tus kheej ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lub Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation.
Tsis muaj qhov rais thiab qhov rooj
Txhua yam uas tseem tshuav yog cov kauj ruam kawg - kom pom zoo rau Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Academy of Sciences ntawm BSSR, Academician ntawm Academy of Sciences ntawm USSR N.A. Borisevich. Thiab plaub hnub ua ntej Xyoo Tshiab 1987, nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo nrog tus thawj coj ntawm ITK ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm BSSR, Semenkov O.I. Kuv tab tom tuaj rau Hero City Minsk. Kuv ntsib O.I. Semenkov. thiab thov qhia meej thaum peb mus rau Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Academy of Sciences ntawm BSSR. Thiab ces tej yam txawv txawv pib, lawv hais tias nws tsis khoom, ces lawv pib kho nws mus rau caramel hauv ncoo los ntawm tus thawj coj lub ration, thiab lwm yam, thiab nyob rau hauv lub yav tav su lawv mam li nco dheev tshaj tawm hais tias lawv xav tshem tawm los yog hloov qhov no los yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub technical specification. Tshwj xeeb, lawv tam sim ntawd hais tias lawv yuav tsis nyiam siv Unix-tshaj OS. Kuv pom tau hais tias kuv tsuas yog xav tau rov qab mus rau Moscow. Thiab kuv tau ua nws. Thiab thaum kuv tuaj ua hauj lwm hnub tom qab, lawv twb hu los ntawm Minsk, thov txim thiab thov kom kuv tuaj thiab kos npe rau cov nqe lus ntawm kev siv. Thaum yav tsaus ntuj kuv twb nyob rau lub tsheb ciav hlau lawm. Ntawm lub platform, tus thawj coj nws tus kheej tau ntsib kuv ntawm Volga thiab peb tam sim ntawd mus ntsib Thawj Tswj Hwm.
Peb tau mus rau hauv Thawj Tswj Hwm lub chaw ua haujlwm, zaum ntawm lub rooj, thiab thaum kuv ntsia rov qab ntawm lub qhov rooj uas peb nkag mus, nws tsis nyob ntawd: muaj rhawv nrog phau ntawv nyob ib puag ncig.
Kuv pom tau hais tias kuv tsuas tuaj yeem tawm ntawm no nrog kev pom zoo kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Peb tham rau ib teev thiab ib nrab, sib tham txog lub zeem muag ntawm domestic computer technology (los yog raws li nws yog tam sim no fashionable los tham txog kev hloov ntshuam), thiab tom qab ntawd nrog kos npe rau specifications kuv mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb. Kuv ua kev zoo siab Xyoo Tshiab hauv tsev.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm txiav txim siab txhua yam
Thiab yog li ntawd, txhawm rau cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm, qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm no ua haujlwm ntawm Unix systems (thiab txhua tus ua ntej ua haujlwm ntawm EU OS), qhia C lus (thiab txhua tus ua ntej siv PL/1, Fortran, Pascal), Unix -zoo li kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system yog xav tau ceev. Thiab Andrew Tanenbaum muab nws rau peb. Thiab tag nrho cov no, zoo li hauv zaj dab neeg, tau tshwm sim xyoo 1987, thiab nws tau ua haujlwm rau EU-1840!
Tab sis peb yuav tsum tau ntxiv ib yam dab tsi, hloov ib yam dab tsi hauv nws. Lub peev xwm los khau raj ntawm lub hard drive tau ntxiv, cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic tau ntxiv, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus neeg siv nruab nrab yog kev txhim kho tus neeg siv saib zoo ib yam hauv kev muaj peev xwm rau lub kaw lus. hauv MS-DOS, siv cov kev khiav tawm.
Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, nws twb suav nrog cov tsav tsheb rau cov ntaub ntawv pauv ntawm COM ports ntawm PCs nrog Minix / MINOS.
Nyob rau hauv 1991, ntawm All-Union Scientific thiab Practical Conference nyob rau hauv Gomel, ib daim ntawv qhia tau ua nyob rau hauv lub "Mobile instrumental operating system MINOS":
Orlov V.N., Moscow
Mobile instrumental operating system MINOS
MINOS system yog UNIX-class operating system tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm version 7. Lub kaw lus yog tsim los siv rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab los cob qhia cov programmers hauv kev tsim cov software nyuaj.
Distinctive nta ntawm lub system:
- Kev ua haujlwm ntawm EC 184x PC (xws li EC 1840 PC thaum tsis muaj lub zog tsav), PC AT-286, PC AT 386 thiab sib xws PCs;
- Lub kaw lus ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si thawj thiab lwm qhov encodings;
- Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub kaw lus nrog floppy disks ntawm 360 KB, 720 KB thiab 1.2 MB;
- Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov yuam sij ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem ntsiav, uas ua rau lawv muaj nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm, tsis hais cov txheej txheem dab tsi tau khiav hauv qhov system;
- Yog xav tau, kernel kev ua cov yuam sij muaj nuj nqi tuaj yeem raug xiam;
- Muaj peev xwm rov kho cov yuam sij ua haujlwm;
- Kev siv ntawm Rendezvous mechanism hauv qhov system;
- Kev nqis tes ua hauv qhov system, ntxiv rau lub plhaub tus neeg txhais lus, ntawm tus neeg siv saib xyuas zoo ib yam li lub peev xwm rau NORTON system hauv MS-DOS;
- Muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug built-in command directory nyob rau hauv lub system.
Lub kaw lus siv ntau dua 70 cov lus txib, suav nrog cov ntawv sau thiab tus lej hexadecimal, cov lus txib rau kev ua haujlwm nrog MS-DOS cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus, tar archiver uas tso cai rau koj los pauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog lwm lub tshuab UNIX, cov ntawv nyeem, thiab lwm yam.
Lub kaw lus muaj C complators, Assembler, thiab TWINDOW pob.
Lub hauv paus ntawm lub system yog 90 KB, tag nrho cov ntim ntawm lub system yog hais txog 20000 nqe lus nyob rau hauv C thiab Assembly lus.
Lub kaw lus tau muab rau ntawm 5 floppy disks ntawm 360 KB, lossis ntawm 2 floppy disks ntawm 360 KB thiab 2 floppy disks ntawm 729 KB, lossis ntawm 2 floppy disks ntawm 360 KB thiab 1 floppy disk ntawm 1.2 MB.
Cov kab lis kev cai yog muab cais. Lawv ntim yog 10 floppy disks ntawm 360 KB txhua.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 25, 1991, tsib lub hlis tom qab pib ua haujlwm ntawm nws qhov project, 21-xyoo-laus Linus Torvalds (tom qab ntawd tseem yog menyuam kawm ntawv) tau tham txog kev tsim ib qho qauv ntawm OS tshiab hu ua Linux, thiab thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 17, 1991, thawj zaug. pej xeem tso tawm ntawm Linux ntsiav tau tshwm sim.
Thiab yog li ntawd, xyoo 1991 peb muaj Minix OS, Linux OS thiab MINOS OS. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ob qhov kawg hauv ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov tso siab rau qhov kev paub ntawm Minix.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Andrew Tanenbaum los ntawm qhov pib tsis lees txais cov lus pom zoo los txhim kho Minix lossis lees txais thaj tsam uas tau los ntawm cov neeg nyeem ntawm nws phau ntawv. Qhov no tej zaum yog vim li cas Torvalds 'Linux coj tus thawj coj. Linux tau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov project uas Andrew Tanenbaum cov neeg nyeem yuav paub txog lawv lub siab xav tsim cov haujlwm ua haujlwm, thiab nws tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm nws.
Puas yog OS MINOS? Xyoo 1991 yog xyoo kawg ntawm Soviet Union. Lub teb chaws poob lawm, kev lag luam poob. Tsis muaj sijhawm rau kev khiav haujlwm ntawm no.
Kub kav lub ntiaj teb no
Yuav ua li cas txog lub simulation stand, lub computer-pab tshawb fawb tsim system, thiab nws lub computer network?
Txhua yam xaus tu siab kawg li. Ib tug dej nyab ntawm computers poured rau hauv lub teb chaws. Yuav kom tau lawv, koj xav tau nyiaj thiab tsuas yog nyiaj xwb. Nws tau txiav txim siab muab tag nrho cov cuab yeej siv computer ntawm EU series rau kev rov ua dua tshiab rau kub, thiab siv cov nyiaj tau los rau cov khoom siv rov qab. Tag nrho cov ntawv tso cai tau txais, lub tshuab nres tsheb tau muab tshem tawm thiab xa mus, tab sis cov khoos phis tawj tshiab tsis tuaj txog. Yog tias txhua yam tau hloov pauv txawv, leej twg paub qhov twg MINOS tam sim no!
Tab sis cov neeg uas tsim SIM / CAIPR tau txais kev paub thiab kev paub ntau heev. Ob leeg tau pab lawv ciaj sia nyob rau 90s nyuaj.
Thiab Torvalds 'Linux tab tom txhim kho tau zoo, kov yeej ntau thiab ntau qhov chaw tshiab. Tam sim no cov diav rawg hauv tsev / clones ntawm Linux yog "tso tawm ntawm Moscow mus rau sab nrauv." Andrew Tanenbaum's Minix kuj tseem txhim kho tau zoo, thiab nws cov phau ntawv .
Andrew Tanenbaum qeb duas ntawm cov IT luminaries xws li Denis Ricci, Brian Carnigan, Ken Thompson nrog Unix operating system, tib Ken Thompson thiab Dennis Ritchie nrog C lus, Elgar Codd nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib raug zoo qauv, Linus Torvalds nrog Linux operating system.
Thiab leej twg paub dab tsi lwm tus Torvalds yuav loj hlob nyeem Andrew Tanenbaum phau ntawv thiab nws phau ntawv qhia Minix !!!
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com