Thawj ntawm sab laug yog Marvin Minsky, thib ob ntawm sab laug yog Alan Kay, tom qab ntawd John Perry Barlow thiab Gloria Minsky.
Nqe lus nug: Koj yuav txhais li cas Marvin Minsky lub tswv yim hais tias "Computer Science twb muaj cov qauv sau ntawv. Nws xav tau dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv. "
Alan Kay: Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv (nrog rau cov lus pom) yog tias tsis muaj keeb kwm siv rau lub tswv yim no tuaj yeem pom nyob qhov twg. Qhov tseeb, dhau 50 xyoo dhau los nyob rau hauv 60s muaj ntau cov lus hais txog qhov no thiab, raws li kuv nco qab, ob peb tsab xov xwm.
Kuv thawj zaug hnov ββtxog lub tswv yim no los ntawm Bob Barton, xyoo 1967 hauv tsev kawm ntawv tiav, thaum nws hais rau kuv tias lub tswv yim no yog ib feem ntawm Donald Knuth qhov kev txhawb siab thaum nws sau Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm, tshooj uas twb muaj lawm. Ib qho ntawm Bob cov lus nug tseem ceeb ces yog hais txog "cov lus programming tsim los nyeem los ntawm tib neeg thiab los ntawm cov tshuab." Thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov kev txhawb siab tseem ceeb rau qhov chaw ntawm COBOL tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 60s. Thiab, tej zaum tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus, lub tswv yim no tau pom nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thiab zoo nkauj heev tsim kev sib tham lus JOSS (feem ntau Cliff Shaw).
Raws li Frank Smith tau pom, cov ntaub ntawv pib nrog cov tswv yim tsim nyog sib tham thiab sau cia; nws feem ntau ib nrab tsim cov sawv cev thiab txuas ntxiv cov lus thiab cov ntawv uas twb muaj lawm; nws ua rau cov tswv yim tshiab txog kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv; thiab thaum kawg mus rau cov tswv yim tshiab uas tsis yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev xav qub.
Ib feem ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm "literaturization" yog nyeem, sau ntawv, thiab xa mus rau lwm cov ntawv uas yuav nyiam. Piv txwv li, Marvin Minsky's Turing Award lecture pib nrog: .
Nws txhais tau li cas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev suav yog lub ntsiab lus thiab yuav ua li cas nws tuaj yeem pom thiab sawv cev, tsis yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus loj ntawm 60s txog kev txheeb xyuas cov programming thiab cov lus ntuj. Rau nws, qhov nthuav tshaj plaws txog Master tus tub ntxhais kawm Terry Winograd txoj kev thesis tej zaum yuav yog thaum nws tsis yog lus Askiv zoo heev (nws yog qhov zoo heev), tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua rau kev nkag siab ntawm qhov tau hais thiab tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tias yog dab tsi. hais tias siv tus nqi no. (Qhov no yog qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov uas Ken tau tshaj tawm ntawm Marvin's blog).
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev saib "kev kawm lus thoob plaws ntiaj teb." Ntau yam tuaj yeem ua tiav yam tsis hloov hom lus lossis txawm tias ntxiv phau ntawv txhais lus. Qhov no zoo ib yam li cov cim lej thiab syntax nws yooj yim heev los sau cov qauv. Nov yog qee qhov uas Marvin tau txais. Nws yog qhov lom zem uas Turing tshuab hauv Marvin phau ntawv suav: Finite thiab Infinite Machines (ib qho ntawm kuv nyiam phau ntawv) yog lub khoos phis tawj zoo nrog ob cov lus qhia (ntxiv 1 rau npe thiab rho tawm 1 los ntawm kev sau npe thiab cov ceg rau kev qhia tshiab yog tias sau npe tsawg dua. 0 - muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv.)
Nws yog ib hom lus programming ib txwm, tab sis yuav tsum paub txog qhov pitfalls. Ib qho kev daws teeb meem tsim nyog rau "kev kawm thoob ntiaj teb" kuj yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev qhia lub zog uas yuav xav tau sijhawm ntxiv los kawm.
Don's txaus siab rau qhov hu ua "literate programming" coj mus rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem sau ntawv (keeb kwm hu ua WEB) uas yuav tso cai rau Don piav qhia txog cov kev pab cuam uas tau sau, thiab uas suav nrog ntau yam uas tau tso cai rau feem ntawm qhov kev pab cuam. muab rho tawm rau tib neeg txoj kev kawm. Lub tswv yim yog tias WEB cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho kev pab cuam, thiab cov compiler tuaj yeem rho tawm cov khoom sib sau ua ke thiab ua tiav los ntawm nws.
Lwm qhov kev tsim kho tshiab thaum ntxov yog lub tswv yim ntawm dynamic media, uas yog ib lub tswv yim nrov nyob rau hauv lub lig 60s, thiab rau ntau ntawm peb yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tham sib PC kev xam phaj. Ib qho ntawm ob peb lub tswv yim rau lub tswv yim no yog kom muaj ib yam dab tsi zoo li "Newton's Principles" nyob rau hauv uas "kev ua lej" muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem khiav thiab khi rau cov duab, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm kev txhawb nqa lub tswv yim Dynabook xyoo 1968. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas tau pib siv tom qab ntawd yog "kev sau ntawv nquag," qhov twg hom kev sau ntawv thiab kev sib cav ib tus yuav xav tau hauv kev sau ntawv tau txhim kho los ntawm qhov kev sib tham sib tham yog ib qho ntawm ntau hom xov xwm rau hom ntawv tshiab.
Qee qhov piv txwv zoo heev tau ua hauv Hypercard los ntawm Ted Cuyler nws tus kheej thaum xyoo 80s thiab thaum ntxov 90s. Hypercard tsis tau teeb tsa ncaj qha rau qhov no - cov ntawv sau tsis yog cov khoom siv xov xwm rau phaib, tab sis koj tuaj yeem ua qee yam haujlwm thiab tau txais cov ntawv sau rau ntawm daim npav thiab ua rau lawv sib tham sib. Ib qho piv txwv tshwj xeeb yog "Weasel", uas yog ib qho lus piav qhia txog ib feem ntawm Richard Dawkins 'phau Blind Watchmaker, tso cai rau tus nyeem ntawv sim nrog lub moj khaum uas siv hom kev yug me nyuam los nrhiav cov kab lus.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog xav tias thaum Hypercard yog qhov yuav luag zoo meej rau qhov kev tshwm sim hauv Is Taws Nem - thiab nws txoj kev saws me nyuam nyob rau thaum ntxov 90s - cov neeg uas tsim Is Taws Nem xaiv tsis tuav nws lossis Engelbart cov tswv yim loj dua ua ntej. Thiab Apple, uas muaj ntau tus neeg ARPA / Parc nyob rau hauv nws cov kev tshawb fawb tis, tsis kam mloog lawv hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Internet thiab yuav ua li cas Hypercard yuav zoo thaum pib ib tug symmetric nyeem-sau system. Apple tsis kam ua qhov browser thaum lub sijhawm uas qhov browser zoo tiag tiag yuav yog qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb, thiab tej zaum yuav tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv qhov "public ntsej muag" ntawm Internet tau dhau los ua.
Yog tias peb mus tom ntej ob peb xyoos peb pom qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tsis txaus ntseeg - yuav luag qias neeg txawm tias - ntawm lub vev xaib browser uas tsis muaj kev txhim kho tiag tiag (xav tias yuav ua li cas ruam wiki txoj kev loj hlob yuav tsum ua haujlwm txawm tias ua haujlwm), thiab ua ib qho piv txwv yooj yim, ib tsab xov xwm Wikipedia zoo li LOGO, uas ua haujlwm ntawm lub computer, tab sis tsis tso cai rau tus nyeem ntawv ntawm tsab xov xwm sim programming LOGO los ntawm tsab xov xwm. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoos phis tawj raug thaiv rau cov neeg siv hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev siv sib txawv ntawm cov xov xwm qub.
Nws tsim nyog xav tias Wikipedia tau ua thiab yog thawj hom kev xav, tsim, siv, thiab sau "cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev suav" uas xav tau (thiab qhov no yeej muaj kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv hauv ntau hom xov xwm, suav nrog programming).
Dab tsi yog qhov tsim nyog xav txog yog tias kuv tsis tuaj yeem sau ib qho kev pab cuam ntawm no hauv Quora teb - hauv 2017! - qhov no yuav pab qhia qhov tseeb uas kuv tab tom sim piav qhia, txawm hais tias lub tshuab computer loj loj hauv qab no lub tswv yim tsis muaj zog ntawm kev sib tham hauv xov xwm. Lo lus nug tseem ceeb yog "dab tsi tshwm sim?" yog tag nrho saib ntawm no.
Kom tau txais ib lub tswv yim ntawm qhov teeb meem, ntawm no yog 1978 system uas peb tau sawv rov los ib feem ob peb xyoos dhau los ua khoom plig rau Ted Nelson thiab ib feem rau kev lom zem.
(Thov saib ntawm no ntawm 2:15)
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog ib qho kev sim ua ntej ntawm qhov kuv tab tom tham txog 40 xyoo dhau los.
Ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb tuaj yeem pom ntawm 9:06.
Sib nrug los ntawm "cov khoom siv hluav taws xob", ib qho ntawm cov kev xav tseem ceeb ntawm no yog "kev pom" - kev tshaj tawm uas pom ntawm nplooj ntawv - tuaj yeem ua tiav tsis tu ncua thiab ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus (peb hu lawv "cov qauv"). Txhua yam yog "qhov rais" (qee qhov muaj ciam teb meej thiab qee qhov tsis qhia lawv ciam teb). Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau muab tso ua ke rau ntawm nplooj ntawv project. Lwm qhov kev pom yog tias txij li thaum koj yuav tsum tau sau thiab ua ke qee yam, xyuas kom txhua yam yog composable thiab compositional.
Kuv xav tias cov neeg siv tsis zoo tuaj yeem zam txim rau qhov tsis tuaj yeem thuam cov qauv tsim tsis zoo. Tab sis cov programmers uas tsim kev sib tham sib xov xwm rau cov neeg siv, thiab leej twg tsis mob siab kawm txog kev tshaj tawm thiab tsim qauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lawv tus kheej, yuav tsum tsis txhob khiav mus nrog nws yooj yim heev thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob muab nqi zog rau kev ua li ntawd. lawv yog "tsis muaj zog".
Thaum kawg, ib daim teb uas tsis muaj ntaub ntawv tiag tiag yuav luag sib npaug rau qhov tseeb tias daim teb tsis yog daim teb. Cov ntawv nyeem yog ib txoj hauv kev los khaws cov tswv yim zoo hauv ib hom ntawv tshiab, thiab xav txog tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej hauv qhov chaw ntawd. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj nyob rau hauv kev suav rau ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo. Zoo li cov kab lis kev cai pop, kev suav tseem nyiam tshaj plaws hauv qhov yuav ua tau yam tsis muaj kev cob qhia dav dav, thiab qhov kev ua tiav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Cov ntawv nyeem yog ib qho nruab nrab uas koj tuaj yeem txav los ntawm qhov yooj yim thiab tam sim ntawd mus rau qhov loj thiab qhov tseem ceeb.
Peb xav tau!
Hais txog GoTo School
- Lub Rau Hli 17-30, Lub Xya Hli 15-28, Lub Yim Hli 12-25
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com