Alan Kay: "Koj xav kom nyeem phau ntawv dab tsi rau ib tus neeg kawm Computer Science?"

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, kuv xav qhia nyeem ntau phau ntawv uas tsis muaj feem xyuam rau computer science.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias qhov chaw lub tswv yim ntawm "science" nyob hauv "Computer Science", thiab qhov "engineering" txhais li cas hauv "Software Engineering".

Lub tswv yim niaj hnub ntawm "kev tshawb fawb" tuaj yeem tsim raws li hauv qab no: nws yog ib qho kev sim txhais cov xwm txheej rau hauv cov qauv uas tuaj yeem piav qhia ntau dua lossis tsawg dua yooj yim thiab kwv yees. Ntawm cov ncauj lus no koj tuaj yeem nyeem "Sciences of the Artificial" (ib qho ntawm Herbert Simon cov phau ntawv tseem ceeb). Koj tuaj yeem saib nws li no: yog tias tib neeg (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg tsim khoom) tsim cov choj, ces cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem piav qhia cov xwm txheej no los ntawm kev tsim qauv. Qhov nthuav txog qhov no yog tias kev tshawb fawb yuav luag tas li nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab thiab zoo dua los tsim cov choj, yog li kev phooj ywg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem txhim kho zoo txhua xyoo.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no los ntawm tus kheej Computer Science yog John McCarthy xav txog cov khoos phis tawj hauv 50s lig, uas yog, ntau yam tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov lawv tuaj yeem ua tau (AI kab tias?), thiab kev tsim cov qauv ntawm kev suav uas yog hom lus, thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li nws tus kheej metalanguage ( Lisp). Kuv nyiam phau ntawv ntawm lub ncauj lus no yog Lub Lisp 1.5 Phau Ntawv Qhia los ntawm MIT Xovxwm (los ntawm McCarthy li al.). Thawj ntu ntawm phau ntawv no tseem yog ib qho classic ntawm yuav ua li cas xav hauv kev xav thiab hais txog cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb.

(Cov phau ntawv "Smalltalk: hom lus thiab nws qhov kev siv" tau luam tawm tom qab ntawd, cov kws sau ntawv (Adele Goldberg thiab Dave Robson) tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm tag nrho cov no. Smalltalk lus nws tus kheej, thiab lwm yam).

Kuv nyiam phau ntawv "Lub Art of the Metaobject Protocol" los ntawm Kickzales, Bobrow thiab Rivera, uas tau luam tawm txawm tias tom qab dhau los. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov phau ntawv uas tuaj yeem hu ua "kev tshawb fawb hauv computer loj." Thawj qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov zoo.

Lwm txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb los ntawm 1970 uas tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov hnyav Computer Science - "Kev Tswj Cov Lus Txhais" los ntawm Dave Fisher (Carnegie Mellon University).

Kuv nyiam phau ntawv ntawm kev suav tej zaum yuav zoo li nyob deb ntawm IT teb, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo thiab txaus siab nyeem: Kev Sib Tw: Finite thiab Infinite Machines los ntawm Marvia Minsky (circa 1967). Tsuas yog phau ntawv zoo.

Yog tias koj xav tau kev pab nrog "kev tshawb fawb", Kuv feem ntau pom zoo kom muaj ntau phau ntawv: Newton's Principia (cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab nrhiav pom), Bruce Alberts 'The Molecular Biology of the Cell, thiab lwm yam. Los yog, piv txwv li, phau ntawv nrog Maxwell's sau ntawv, etc.

Koj yuav tsum paub tias "Computer Science" tseem yog lub siab xav ua kom tiav, tsis yog ib yam ua tiav.

"Engineering" txhais tau tias "tsim thiab tsim cov khoom raws li txoj cai, kws tshaj lij." Qhov xav tau ntawm cov txuj ci no yog qhov siab heev rau txhua qhov haujlwm: civil, mechanical, electronics, biological, thiab lwm yam.

Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kawm kom nkag siab zoo dua qhov nws txhais tau li cas los koom nrog "kev tsim kho."

Yog tias koj xav tau kev pab nrog "engineering", sim nyeem txog kev tsim Empire State Lub Tsev, Hoover Dam, Golden Gate Choj thiab lwm yam. Kuv nyiam phau ntawv Tam Sim No Tau Qhia, sau los ntawm Major General Leslie Groves (tus tswv cuab ntawm Manhattan Project). Nws yog ib tug engineer, thiab zaj dab neeg no tsis yog hais txog Los Alamos POV qhov project (uas nws kuj tau coj), tab sis hais txog Oak Ridge, Hanford, thiab lwm yam, thiab kev koom tes zoo ntawm ntau tshaj 600 tus neeg thiab nyiaj txiag ntau los ua qhov tsim tsim nyog los tsim cov khoom tsim nyog.

Tsis tas li ntawd, xav txog dab tsi teb tsis muaj ib feem ntawm "software engineering" nyob rau hauv - dua, koj yuav tsum to taub tias "software engineering" nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nkag siab "engineering" qhov zoo tshaj plaws tseem yog lub siab xav ua kom tiav, tsis ua tiav.

Khoos phis tawj kuj yog ib hom "media" thiab "intermediaries", yog li peb yuav tsum nkag siab tias lawv ua dab tsi rau peb thiab lawv cuam tshuam rau peb li cas. Nyeem Marshall McLuhan, Neil Postman, Innis, Havelock, thiab lwm yam. Mark Miller (hais lus hauv qab no) tsuas yog qhia kuv kom pom zoo phau ntawv Technics thiab Human Development, Vol. 1 los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab "The Myth of the Machine" los ntawm Lewis Mumford, tus thawj coj zoo ntawm ob lub tswv yim xov xwm thiab ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog tib neeg.

Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kuv kom pom zoo ib phau ntawv zoo ntawm anthropology (tej zaum lwm tus yuav), tab sis kev nkag siab tib neeg li kev ua neej nyob yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev kawm thiab yuav tsum tau kawm kom ntxaws. Hauv ib qho ntawm cov lus hauv qab no, Matt Gabourey tau pom zoo rau Human Universals (Kuv xav tias nws txhais tau tias phau ntawv Donald Brown). Phau ntawv no yeej yuav tsum tau nyeem thiab to taub - nws tsis yog nyob rau tib lub txee li cov phau ntawv hais txog ib qho chaw xws li Molecular Biology ntawm Cell.

Kuv nyiam Edward Tufte phau ntawv Envisioning Information: nyeem lawv tag nrho.

Bertrand Russell cov phau ntawv tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, yog tias tsuas yog xav kom tob tob txog "qhov no thiab qhov ntawd" (Ib Keeb Kwm ntawm Western Philosophy tseem zoo kawg nkaus).

Ntau lub ntsiab lus pom yog tib txoj hauv kev los tawm tsam tib neeg lub siab xav ntseeg thiab tsim kev ntseeg, uas yog vim li cas kuv nyiam phau ntawv keeb kwm yog Destiny Disrupted los ntawm Tamim Ansari. Nws loj hlob hauv Afghanistan, tsiv mus rau Tebchaws Meskas thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16 xyoo, thiab muaj peev xwm sau tau qhov tseeb, qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb txij li lub sijhawm Muhammad los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab tsis muaj kev hu xov tooj rau kev ntseeg.

*POV (propagation of variance) - propagation of contradictions in test (approx.)

Kev txhais lus tau ua nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub tuam txhab EDISON Softwareleej twg yog professional sau software rau IoT ntawm lub nroog lojraws li zoo li tsim software rau tomography tshiab .

Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com