BLAKE3 cryptographic hash muaj nuj nqi muaj, uas yog 10 npaug sai dua SHA-2

Qhov kawg kev siv ntawm algorithm tau luam tawm TUAJ BL3, uas muaj kev ua haujlwm cryptographic hash tsim los rau cov ntawv thov xws li kev kuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ncaj ncees, kev lees paub cov lus, thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv rau kev kos npe digital. BLAKE3 tsis yog npaj rau hashing passwords (rau passwords koj yuav tsum tau siv yescrypt, bcrypt, scrypt los yog Argon2), raws li nws yog aimed ntawm xam cov hashs sai li sai tau nrog ib tug guarantee ntawm tsis muaj kev sib tsoo, tiv thaiv. nrhiav tus qauv thiab tsis rhiab rau qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hashed. Kev siv ntawm BLAKE3 luam tawm Dual daim ntawv tso cai raws li Public Domain (CC0) thiab Apache 2.0.

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tshiab hash muaj nuj nqi yog qhov ua tau zoo heev ntawm kev suav hash thaum tswj kev ntseeg tau ntawm SHA-3 qib. Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov loj me hauv BLAKE3 yog 32 bytes (256 khoom), tab sis nws tuaj yeem nthuav dav rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv ib tug hash tiam xeem rau ib tug 16 KB cov ntaub ntawv, BLAKE3 outperforms SHA3-256 los ntawm 15 lub sij hawm, SHA-256 los ntawm 12 lub sij hawm, SHA-512 los ntawm 8 zaug, SHA-1 los ntawm 6 zaug, thiab BLAKE2b los ntawm 4 zaug. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tseem nyob thaum ua cov ntaub ntawv loj heev, piv txwv li, BLAKE3 tau dhau los ua sai dua SHA-256 los ntawm 8 lub sij hawm thaum xam hash rau 1GB ntawm random cov ntaub ntawv.

Lub algorithm tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij cryptography nto moo (Jack O'Connor, Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Samuel Neves, Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn) thiab txuas ntxiv txhim kho cov algorithm TUAJ BL2 thiab siv ib tug mechanism los encode lub block saw ntoo Bao. Tsis zoo li BLAKE2 (BLAKE2b, BLAKE2s), BLAKE3 muaj ib qho algorithm rau txhua lub platform, tsis khi rau qhov tob me ntsis thiab hash loj.

Kev ua tau zoo ntxiv tau ua tiav los ntawm kev txo tus lej ntawm 10 mus rau 7 thiab cais cov blocks hauv 1 KB daim. Raws li cov creators, lawv pom ib tug convincing pov thawj, uas koj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm 7 rounds es tsis txhob ntawm 10 thaum tswj tib theem ntawm kev ntseeg siab (kom meej meej, koj tuaj yeem muab piv txwv nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib tov hauv ib lub tov khoom - tom qab 7 vib nas this cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo twb tov tag lawm thiab ntxiv 3 vib nas this. tsis cuam tshuam qhov sib xws ntawm qhov sib tov). Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov kws tshawb fawb qhia kev tsis ntseeg, ntseeg tias txawm tias tam sim no 7 rounds txaus los tiv thaiv txhua qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm hashes, tom qab ntawd ntxiv 3 qhov sib tw yuav muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias muaj kev tawm tsam tshiab yav tom ntej.

Raws li kev faib ua blocks, hauv BLAKE3 cov kwj deg tau muab faib ua 1 KB daim thiab txhua daim yog hashed ntawm nws tus kheej. Raws li cov hashes ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub hauv paus binary merkle tsob ntoo ib tug loj hash yog tsim. Qhov kev faib tawm no tso cai rau peb los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv sib luag thaum xam cov hash - piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem siv 4-xov SIMD cov lus qhia rau ib txhij suav cov hash ntawm 4 blocks. Ib txwm SHA-* hash ua haujlwm cov ntaub ntawv ua ntu zus.

Feature ntawm BLAKE3:

• Kev ua haujlwm siab;
• Kev nyab xeeb, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv lus elongation nres, uas SHA-2 raug;
• Ua kom muaj kev sib piv ntawm kev suav ntawm txhua tus xov tooj thiab SIMD raws;
• Muaj peev xwm ntxiv kev hloov kho tshiab thiab txheeb xyuas cov kwj deg;
• Siv nyob rau hauv PRF, MAC, KDF, XOF hom thiab raws li ib txwm hash;
• Ib qho algorithm rau tag nrho cov architectures, ceev ceev ntawm ob qho tib si x86-64 thiab 32-ntsis ARM processors.

Tau qhov twg los: opennet.ru