Nyob rau hauv 2019, nws yuav yog 100 xyoo txij li thaum peb compatriot ua daim ntawv thov patent rau ib lub dav hlau. Hnub no, Cuaj Hlis 11, yog tus neeg tsim khoom lub hnub yug.
"Ntawm txoj haujlwm nrog kev pab ntawm lub cuab yeej, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tshawb nrhiav dav hlau nrog kev nyab xeeb ntau dua li ntawm lub dav hlau ... tag nrho cov tub rog, tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej no (tus nqi ntawm cov khoom hauv lub Hoobkas yuav kim dua li ob peb zaug. phom ntev), thaum lub sij hawm kev tawm tsam dav dav thiab siege ntawm fortresses, hla txhua qhov teeb meem hauv ntiaj teb, lawv tuaj yeem ya tau dawb huv tom qab yeeb ncuab kab. "
- Alexander Andreev
Qhov hnyav ntawm lub cuab yeej yog 42 kg + 8 kg roj (methane thiab oxygen).
Qhov hnyav ntawm tus tsav yog 50 kg.
Qhov siab - 20 km.
Ceev - 200 km / h.
(Lub Cuaj Hlis 11, 1893, Kolpino - Kaum Ob Hlis 15, 1941, Leningrad) - Soviet inventor uas tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj lub hnab ev ntawv foob pob hluav taws tsheb uas siv los ntawm lub tshuab ua kua.
Andreev tau txais kev kawm txuj ci theem nrab. Txij li thaum ntxov 1920s nws tau nyob hauv Leningrad. Nyob rau hauv 1919 nws tau tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj lub hnab ev ntawv foob pob hluav taws tsheb uas siv los ntawm lub tshuab ua kua dej. Qhov project tau raug xa mus rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Ua Haujlwm, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau Pawg Neeg Tsim Khoom. Daim ntawv thov patent, tom qab tau txais cov lus qhia tseem ceeb, raug tsis lees paub. Nyob rau hauv 1925, tus inventor xa ib tug tshiab, hloov kho version ntawm daim ntawv thov. Tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas zoo los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thiab kev hloov kho ntxiv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, patent rau kev tsim khoom tau muab tso rau xyoo 1928. ()
1919
Nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad Regional State Archives nyob rau hauv Vyborg (LOGAV) muaj ib tug typewritten ntawv nyeem (LOGAV. F. R-4476, op. 6, d. 3809.) ntawm qhov project nrog ob cim npe nyob rau hauv thawj nplooj ntawv. Thawj cov cim zoo li no:
"BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Krestyansk. thiab Ua Haujlwm. Tsoom fwv
Republic of Russia 14/XII 1919
Tuaj Nr. 19644.
Qhov thib ob cim:
"COMMITTEE
rau inventions
Ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb.
V.S.N.X.
Lub 19 hlis tim 1919, XNUMX
Hauv. Nr 3648.
Cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov cim no yog, raws li hauv qab no los ntawm nqe lus sau hnub tim 10 Lub Ob Hlis, 1921, sau los ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom, ib qho ntawm peb daim ntawv theej ntawm cov ntawv xa mus rau KDI nrog rau daim ntawv thov (lwm ob yog khaws cia rau hauv tib cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia. ).
Yog li, qhov project rau lub hnab ev khoom dav hlau tau npaj los ntawm nruab nrab Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1919 thiab tau tswj xyuas mus xyuas ob lub tuam tsev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis.
Nws tuaj yeem xav tias cov xwm txheej tau tsim raws li hauv qab no.
Tus neeg tsim khoom tau xa qhov project mus rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Ua Haujlwm hauv kev sim kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ua raws li nws txoj kev npaj dua li kev cia siab ntawm patenting nws. Kev cia siab rau kev cia siab rau kev siv tub rog ntawm cov cuab yeej (hauv "Lub Hom Phiaj" ntu Andreev tau sau tias: "Nyob ntawm txoj haujlwm nrog kev pab ntawm cov cuab yeej koj tuaj yeem ua kev tshawb nrhiav dav hlau nrog kev nyab xeeb dua li ntawm lub dav hlau ... tag nrho cov tub rog tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv no (tus nqi uas nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas tsim yuav yog ob peb zaug ntau kim tshaj li rab phom ) thaum lub sij hawm kev tawm tsam thiab siege ntawm fortresses, bypassing tag nrho lub ntiaj teb obstacles, lawv muaj peev xwm ya kiag li dawb do mus rau lub rear ntawm tus yeeb ncuab "), nws yuav zoo li. , tso cai rau peb cia siab rau tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm tsoomfwv rau kev tsim khoom.
Txawm li cas los xij, Council of People's Commissars, raws li tuaj yeem xav tau raws li qhov sib txawv me me ntawm cov hnub teev npe ntawm nws qhov kev sau npe, tsis tau txiav txim siab, tab sis tam sim ntawd raug xa mus rau qhov chaw nyob zoo dua - mus rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj. National Economy, los yog ncaj qha mus rau KDI. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no tau ua tiav, pom meej, nrawm nrawm: nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv xa tuaj ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Sawv Cev rau xyoo 1919, kab ntawm tus lej tuaj 19644 (los ntawm leej twg tau txais daim ntawv, mus rau dab tsi nws raug xa mus) tsis yog. tau sau tag nrho, ib yam li cov kab ntawm peb tus lej ntxiv nyob ib sab ntawm nws (19640, 19643, 19645) Pom tau tias, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Sawv Cev tsis muaj sijhawm rau kev xa ntawv thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1919.
Tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los ntawm Andreev qhov project hauv 1919 hauv Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Cov Neeg Sawv Cev - nrog rau hauv lub cev ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Kev Lag Luam Hauv Tebchaws - tuaj yeem pom. Nws tsis paub meej ntev npaum li cas qhov project tseem nyob ntawm KDI thiab seb nws sai sai rov qab los rau tus sau. []
1921
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1921, Andreev tau sau ib nqe lus rau KDI nrog rau kev thov rau kev muab "cov cai raug cai" thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj rau kev ua tiav ntawm qhov project, thiab, hmoov tsis, hauv nqe lus no nws tsis tau hais ib lo lus hais txog dab tsi ua ntej.
Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov xwm txheej ntxiv yog luv luv raws li hauv qab no. Raws li kev soj ntsuam kev puas tsuaj los ntawm E.N. Smirnov, ib qho ntawm ob tus kws tshaj lij tau hu los ntawm KDU (qhov kev tshuaj xyuas thib ob tau txwv tsis pub, txawm hais tias feem ntau zoo, muab los ntawm N.A. Rynin), daim ntawv thov raug tsis lees paub. []
1925
Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1925, tus inventor tau xa ib tug tshiab, tiag revised version ntawm daim ntawv thov mus rau lub KDI. Muaj tseeb, raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, kev hloov kho cuam tshuam feem ntau yog qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov khoom siv thiab tsis qhia cov ntsiab lus tshiab hauv qhov project; Qhov tseeb, nws yuav luag tag nrho cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov khoom thiab cov rooj sib txoos, uas nyob rau xyoo 1919-1921. tau nthuav tawm tsuas yog hauv daim duab. Tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas zoo los ntawm kws tshaj lij N.G. Baratov thiab hloov kho cov ntawv txuas ntxiv, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 31, 1928, "Patent Letter for the Patent for an Invention" tau kos npe. []
Patent No. 4818
1928
"Thaum tau txais daim ntawv patent thaum Lub Yim Hli 23, 1928, kuv pib siv nws, vim Feem ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav siv qhov chaw nyob hauv chav tsev uas kuv nyob, tom qab ntawd kuv thov kev pabcuam hauv kev tsis siv cov neeg nyob hauv thaj tsam 10 sq.m. kuv muaj, vim tias qhov no ua rau muaj kev vam meej. "
- Andreev
CBRIZ (Central Bureau for the Implementation of Inventions and Promotion of Invention) - raws li qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tsis zoo hnub tim 9 Lub Ib Hlis 1929 los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij engineer ntawm Pawg Neeg Xaiv Tsa - tsis kam txais kev pab Andreev thov.
Tshaj li ntawm 10 xyoo, cov ntsiab lus technical ntawm Andreev qhov project tseem ceeb tsis tau hloov pauv los ntawm thawj version mus rau qhov kawg paub. Cov tom kawg txawv ntawm thawj feem ntau nyob rau hauv ntim ntawm cov lus piav qhia ntawm qee cov khoom siv, uas, txawm hais tias, raws li tau pom los ntawm thawj cov duab kos, muaj nyob rau hauv tus sau txoj kev npaj txij thaum pib, nyob rau hauv 1919 cov ntawv nyeem lawv tau. txawm hais tias tsis suav tag nrho lossis tau piav qhia tsawg dua hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm cov lus piav qhia patent luam tawm xyoo 1928, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov twj tso kua mis, cov thawv rau cov kua roj. Lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus piav qhia patent thiab thawj qhov project yog qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm cov cuab yeej: tsis yog (hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub hnab ev ntawv) rau tib neeg lub davhlau, tab sis kuj rau kev txav me me, piv txwv li, projectile nrog. ib qho asphyxiating gas los yog tawg.
Tsis muaj dab tsi paub txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Andreev lub siab xav ua nws txoj haujlwm hauv kev xyaum. []
N.A. Rynin. foob pob hluav taws. Thiab ncaj qha tshuaj tiv thaiv cav.
Phau ntawv ua tsaug uas lub ntiaj teb paub txog Andreev.
Patent daim duab. Fig. 1 thiab 2 - "pob" nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab roj twj, Fig. 3 thiab 4 - nruab nrab lub thawv, ua liaj ua teb thiab cav. Daim duab los ntawm phau ntawv los ntawm N.A. Rynina
Cov chaw
- Wikipedia:
- Patent:
- Puab:
- Kev tshuaj xyuas tub rog:
- Lavxias teb sab heroic daim ntawv qhia hnub:
- Lub sijhawm ntawm astronautics:
- Lub sijhawm ntawm astronautics:
Habradvigatel
JetCat 180 NX turbojet engine.
Xws li lub cav raug nqi 350 rubles. Yog lawm, . Peb yuav nws ntawm peb tus kheej tus nqi. Ntawm qhov thib ob - . Yuav tsum muaj tag nrho ntawm 4 lub cav - rau cov neeg tsav dav hlau nyias lossis 6 lub cav txhawm rau nqa 80 kg carcass.
Video los ntawm .
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