Thaum kuv tau los ua tus thawj coj me tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, kuv tus thawj tswj hwm, tus poj niam uas tau los ua tus hma ntawm kev sau xov xwm rov qab rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, hais rau kuv: "Nco ntsoov, txij li thaum koj twb pib loj hlob, tswj txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm xov xwm. yog zoo li khiav los ntawm minefield. Tsis yog vim nws yog qhov txaus ntshai, tab sis vim nws yog qhov tsis paub tseeb. Peb tab tom soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem suav thiab tswj nws. Tias yog vim li cas txhua tus kws kho mob-tus thawj coj tab tom khiav, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg ntawm peb paub thaum twg thiab qhov tseeb nws yuav tawg. "
Kuv tsis nkag siab nws, tab sis tom qab ntawd, thaum kuv, zoo li Pinocchio, loj hlob, kawm thiab yuav ib txhiab lub tsho tshiab ... Feem ntau, tau kawm me ntsis txog keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv xov xwm, kuv tau ntseeg tias qhov kev tshawb fawb no. yog lawm tiag. Muaj pes tsawg zaus ua tus tswj hwm xov xwm - txawm tias tus thawj tswj hwm xov xwm zoo! - xaus lawv txoj hauj lwm vim yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov xwm txheej, uas yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem twv ua ntej.
Kuv yuav tsis qhia koj tam sim no yuav ua li cas tus editor-in-tus thawj coj ntawm "Funny Pictures" thiab tus zoo illustrator Ivan Semenov yuav luag tau hlawv los ntawm kab - nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau literal siab ntawm lo lus. Qhov no tseem yog ntau dua ntawm zaj dab neeg Friday. Tab sis kuv mam li qhia koj zaj dab neeg txog qhov zoo thiab txaus ntshai Vasily Zakharchenko, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim nws yog heev raws li Habr's profile.
Lub Soviet magazine "Technology for Youth" yog heev fond ntawm science thiab science ntawv tseeb. Yog li ntawd, lawv feem ntau ua ke los ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov ntawv tseeb hauv cov ntawv xov xwm.
Rau ntau, ntau xyoo, los ntawm 1949 txog 1984, lub magazine yog coj los ntawm legendary editor Vasily Dmitrievich Zakharchenko, uas, qhov tseeb, ua rau nws mus rau hauv lub "Technology rau cov hluas" uas thundered thoob plaws hauv lub teb chaws, los ua ib tug lus dab neeg ntawm Soviet journalism thiab. tau txais dav. Ua tsaug rau qhov xwm txheej yav dhau los, ib ntus "Technology for Youth" ua tiav qee qhov lwm tus tau ua tiav hauv kev tshaj tawm cov neeg sau ntawv keeb kwm Anglo-American science ntawv tseeb.
Tsis yog, niaj hnub Anglo-American science ntawv tseeb sau tau raug txhais thiab luam tawm hauv USSR. Tab sis nyob rau hauv periodicals - heev tsis tshua muaj.
ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ? Vim qhov no yog cov neeg tuaj saib coob. Cov no yog cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg txawm tias los ntawm Soviet cov qauv. "Technology for Youth," piv txwv li, tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm 1,7 lab luam.
Tab sis, raws li kuv twb tau hais lawm, qee zaum nws ua haujlwm. Yog li, yuav luag tag nrho xyoo 1980, cov neeg nyiam nyeem ntawv zoo siab nyeem Arthur C. Clarke cov ntawv tshiab "The Fountains of Paradise" hauv phau ntawv xov xwm.
Arthur Clarke raug suav hais tias yog ib tug phooj ywg ntawm lub tebchaws Soviet, nws tuaj xyuas peb, mus xyuas Star City, ntsib thiab sib tham nrog cosmonaut Alexei Leonov. Raws li rau cov tshiab "The Fountains of Paradise," Clark yeej tsis zais qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv cov tshiab nws siv lub tswv yim ntawm "qhov chaw of elevator," thawj zaug tso tawm los ntawm Leningrad tus tsim Yuri Artsutanov.
Tom qab kev tshaj tawm ntawm "Qhov Chaw ..." Arthur Clarke tau mus xyuas USSR hauv xyoo 1982, qhov twg, tshwj xeeb, nws tau ntsib Leonov, Zakharchenko, thiab Artsutanov.
Yuri Artsutanov thiab Arthur Clarke mus xyuas Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cosmonautics thiab Rocketry hauv Leningrad
Thiab raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev mus ntsib no hauv 1984, Zakharchenko tau tswj hwm los ntawm kev tshaj tawm hauv "Technology for Youth" ntawm lwm qhov tshiab los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv keeb kwm ntiaj teb nto moo hu ua "2010: Odyssey Ob." Nws yog kev txuas ntxiv ntawm nws phau ntawv nto moo "2001: A Space Odyssey", sau raws li tsab ntawv ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab cult los ntawm Stanley Kubrick.
Qhov no tau pab ntau yam los ntawm qhov tseeb tias muaj ntau ntau ntawm Soviet khoom nyob rau hauv phau ntawv thib ob. Cov zajlus yog raws li qhov tseeb hais tias lub spaceship "Alexei Leonov" nrog ib tug Soviet-American neeg coob nyob rau hauv lub nkoj yog xa mus rau Jupiter kom unravel lub paub tsis meej ntawm lub nkoj "Discovery" tshuav nyob rau hauv orbit ntawm Jupiter nyob rau hauv thawj phau ntawv.
Muaj tseeb tiag, Clark tau mob siab rau ntawm thawj nplooj ntawv:
Rau ob tug neeg zoo Russians: General A. A. Leonov - cosmonaut, Hero ntawm Soviet Union, artist thiab kawm A. D. Sakharov - kws tshawb fawb, Nobel nqi zog, humanist.
Tab sis kev mob siab rau, koj nkag siab, tau muab pov tseg hauv phau ntawv xov xwm. Txawm tsis muaj kev tawm tsam luv luv.
Thawj qhov teeb meem tau tawm los nyab xeeb, ua raws li qhov thib ob, thiab cov neeg nyeem twb tau tos ntsoov rau qhov ntev, nyeem tau yooj yim - ib yam li xyoo 1980.
Tab sis nyob rau hauv peb qhov teeb meem tsis muaj txuas ntxiv. Cov neeg tau txais kev zoo siab, tab sis tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab - koj yeej tsis paub. Hauv plaub, txhua yam yuav zoo.
Tab sis nyob rau hauv plaub qhov teeb meem muaj ib yam dab tsi zoo kawg li - ib tug mob siab retelling ntawm ntxiv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshiab, crumpled rau hauv peb kab lus.
βTus kws kho mob, yog dab tsi?!β Qhov no puas yog muag?!β - Cov neeg nyeem ntawm "Technology for Youth" nthuav dav lawv lub qhov muag. Tab sis cov lus teb tau paub tsuas yog tom qab perestroika.
Raws li nws tau nthuav tawm, tsis ntev tom qab pib tshaj tawm hauv "Technology for Youth," International Herald Tribune tau luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm hu ua "COSMONAUTS-DISIDENTS," ua tsaug rau CENSORS, FLIGHT NTAWM LUB SIJ HAWM SAVIET MAGAZINE.
S. Sobolev nyob rau hauv nws muab cov ntawv tag nrho ntawm daim ntawv no. Nws hais tias, tshwj xeeb:
Cov neeg tawm tsam Soviet, uas tsis tshua muaj caij nyoog los luag hauv lub tebchaws no thiab raug cai, niaj hnub no tuaj yeem chuckle ntawm kev tso dag ua si ntawm tsoomfwv censors los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Askiv zoo nkauj Arthur C. Clarke. Qhov kev tso dag no - "tus nees me me tab sis zoo nkauj Trojan," uas yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam dubbed nws, muaj nyob rau hauv A. Clarke's tshiab "2010: The Second Odyssey".<...>
Cov npe ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv qhov tseeb hauv qhov tshiab tau sib raug rau cov npe ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam nto moo. <β¦> Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv tsis muaj kev nom kev tswv sib txawv ntawm cov cim Lavxias. Txawm li cas los xij, cov astronauts yog cov npe:
- Viktor Brailovsky, tus kws tshaj lij hauv computer thiab yog ib tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg Yudais, uas yuav raug tso tawm lub hlis no tom qab peb xyoos raug ntiab tawm hauv Central Asia;
- Ivan Kovalev - engineer thiab tus tsim ntawm tam sim no disbanded Helsinki Human Rights Monitoring Group. Nws raug kaw xya xyoo nyob rau hauv ib lub chaw ua haujlwm;
- Anatoly Marchenko, ib tug neeg ua haujlwm plaub caug rau rau xyoo uas tau siv sijhawm 18 xyoo nyob rau hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov rau kev hais lus nom tswv thiab tam sim no ua haujlwm rau kab lus uas xaus rau xyoo 1996;
- Yuri Orlov - Yudais activist thiab ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm Helsinki Group. Tus kws kho mob nto moo Orlov tau ua tiav xya-xyoo kab lus hauv ib lub chaw ua haujlwm lub hli tas los thiab tab tom ua haujlwm ntxiv tsib xyoos nyob rau hauv Siberian exile.
- Leonid Ternovsky yog ib tug kws kho mob uas tsim lub Helsinki Group hauv Moscow hauv 1976. Nws tau raug kaw peb xyoos hauv ib lub chaw pw hav zoov;
- Mikola Rudenko, ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm Helsinki Group nyob rau hauv Ukraine, uas, tom qab xya xyoo ntawm raug kaw nyob rau hauv ib lub yeej camp, yuav tsum tau tso tawm lub hlis no thiab xa mus rau ib tug kev sib hais haum;
- Gleb Yakunin - ib tug pov thawj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, raug txim nyob rau hauv 1980 mus rau tsib xyoos ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv camp thiab lwm tsib xyoos ntawm kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv tsub nqi ntawm anti-Soviet propaganda thiab ntxhov siab vim.
Vim li cas Clark teeb tsa Zakharchenko li no, nrog leej twg nws yog, yog tias tsis yog phooj ywg, ces ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo rau ntau xyoo, kuv tsis nkag siab tiag tiag. Cov kiv cua ntawm tus kws sau ntawv txawm tuaj nrog cov lus piav qhia tsis zoo uas Clark tsis ua txhaum; tib lub ntsiab cai ua haujlwm uas tau yug los rau General Gogol thiab General Pushkin hauv Bond zaj duab xis. Cov kws sau ntawv keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb, lawv hais tias, tsis muaj kev xav thib ob, siv cov npe Lavxias uas paub zoo hauv Western xov xwm - peb, ib yam nkaus, ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas, paub Angela Davis thiab Leonard Peltier zoo dua lwm tus. Nws nyuaj rau ntseeg, txawm li cas los xij - nws yog qhov kev xaiv mob sib xws.
Zoo, hauv "Technology for Youth", koj tus kheej nkag siab txog dab tsi tau pib. Raws li tus thawj coj saib xyuas, thiab tom qab ntawd tus editor-in-chief ntawm lub magazine, Alexander Perevozchikov, nco qab:
Ua ntej ntu no, peb tus kws sau ntawv Vasily Dmitrievich Zakharchenko tau suav nrog hauv chaw ua haujlwm siab tshaj. Tab sis tom qab Clark, tus cwj pwm ntawm nws tau hloov pauv loj heev. Nws, uas nyuam qhuav tau txais lwm qhov khoom plig Lenin Komsomol, tau noj thiab pleev xim rau ntawm phab ntsa. Thiab peb cov ntawv xov xwm tau yuav luag txog ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog peb qhov yuam kev, tab sis Glavlit's. Lawv yuav tsum tau ua raws thiab qhia. Yog li, peb muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm tsuas yog ob tshooj ntawm kaum tsib. Kaum peb tshooj ntxiv mus rau hauv kev nthuav tawm. Ntawm nplooj ntawv luam tawm kuv tau hais txog qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm Clark tom qab. Tab sis qhov npau taws Glavlit yuam kuv kom luv qhov rov qab los ntawm peb zaug ntxiv. Peb tau luam tawm Odyssey tag nrho tom qab ntawd.
Tseeb tiag, Zakharchenko tau sau ib tsab ntawv piav qhia rau Komsomol Central Committee, qhov chaw nws "tshem tawm nws tus kheej ua ntej tog." Raws li tus editor-in-chief, "ob ntsej muag" Clark "nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev phem" muab rau cov neeg coob ntawm Soviet cosmonauts "cov npe ntawm ib pab pawg neeg tawm tsam Soviet tau coj mus rau txim txhaum cai rau kev ua phem". Tus editor-in-chief lees paub tias nws tau poob nws txoj kev ceev faj thiab tau cog lus tias yuav kho qhov yuam kev.
Vasily Zakharchenko
Tsis tau pab. Phau ntawv xov xwm tsis raug kaw, tab sis nws tau raug shaken tag. Ob lub lis piam tom qab tshaj tawm tsab xov xwm sab hnub poob, Zakharchenko raug rho tawm haujlwm, thiab ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tau txais kev nplua ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav. Zakharchenko, ntxiv rau, dhau los ua "tus neeg mob ruas" - nws txoj kev tawm vixaj raug tshem tawm, nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm "Children's Literature" thiab "Young Guard", lawv tsis caw nws mus rau hauv xov tooj cua thiab TV - txawm tias nws tau tsim los ntawm qhov program. txog cov neeg nyiam tsheb, "Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no".
Nyob rau hauv preface rau Odyssey 3, Arthur C. Clarke thov txim rau Leonov thiab Zakharchenko, txawm hais tias tom kawg zoo li thuam me ntsis:
"Thaum kawg, kuv cia siab tias tus kws sau paj huam Alexei Leonov twb tau zam txim rau kuv rau qhov muab nws tso rau ntawm Dr. Andrei Sakharov (uas tseem nyob hauv Gorky thaum lub sijhawm nws mob siab rau). Thiab kuv qhia kuv txoj kev khuv xim rau kuv tus tswv tsev zoo Moscow thiab tus kws sau ntawv Vasily Zharchenko (raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem - Zharchenko - VN) rau nws ua rau muaj teeb meem loj los ntawm kev siv cov npe ntawm ntau tus neeg tawm tsam - feem ntau ntawm cov neeg, Kuv zoo siab sau tseg. , tsis nyob hauv tsev lojcuj lawm. Muaj ib hnub, kuv vam tias, cov neeg sau npe rau Tekhnika Molodezhi yuav tuaj yeem nyeem cov tshooj ntawm cov ntawv tshiab uas zoo li ploj mus. "
Yuav tsis muaj lus pom, Kuv tsuas yog yuav nco ntsoov tias tom qab no nws yog qee yam coj txawv txawv los tham txog randomness.
Npog ntawm qhov tshiab 2061: Odyssey Peb, qhov chaw thov txim tshwm
Qhov tseeb, yog tag nrho zaj dab neeg. Cia kuv kos koj cov xim rau qhov tseeb tias tag nrho cov no tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Chernenkov lub sij hawm, thiab muaj lus cia ob peb lub hlis ua ntej perestroika, acceleration thiab glasnost. Thiab Clark cov ntawv tshiab txawm li cas los xij tau luam tawm hauv "Technology for Youth", thiab rov qab rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm - hauv 1989-1990.
Kuv lees txais ncaj ncees - zaj dab neeg no tso kuv nrog ob lub tswv yim, txawm tias peb lub tswv yim.
Tam sim no nws yog amazing npaum li cas ideological confrontation txhais tau tias rov qab los, yog hais tias tib neeg destiny twb puas lawm nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug trifle.
Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ntau npaum li cas peb lub teb chaws txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no rov qab los. Niaj hnub no nws nyuaj rau kuv xav txog qhov xwm txheej uas tus kws sau ntawv keeb kwm Western science ntawm thawj qib yuav mob siab rau ib phau ntawv rau ob tus neeg Lavxias.
Thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev paub hauv peb lub teb chaws yog li cas. Tom qab tag nrho, txawm nyob rau hauv cov lus nthuav tawm ntawm International Herald Tribune nws tau raug sau tseg hauv qhov ntawd "Lavxias teb sab yog ib qho ntawm cov kiv cua nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv tseeb hauv ntiaj teb", thiab ib thiab ib nrab lab ncig ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm kev tshawb fawb nrov yog qhov pov thawj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov no.
Tam sim no, tau kawg, txhua yam tau hloov pauv. Hauv qee txoj hauv kev rau qhov zoo, hauv lwm qhov rau qhov phem.
Nws tau hloov pauv ntau yam uas xyaum tsis muaj dab tsi nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb uas zaj dab neeg no tshwm sim. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub siab tawv tshiab lub ntiaj teb no, tsis muaj ib tug ntxiv lawm xav nyob rau hauv lub dissidents uas tau ua lawv txoj hauj lwm, los yog lub magazine "Technology for Youth", uas yog tam sim no luam tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug insignificant ncig nrog lub xeev cov nyiaj pab, los yog - dab tsi yog lub txaj muag ntawm tag nrho cov. - qhov chaw elevator.
Yuri Artsutanov tuag tsis ntev los no, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2019, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg pom. Tsuas yog obituary tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm Troitsky Variant ib hlis tom qab.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com