Peb txuas ntxiv peb zaj dab neeg txog cov tswv yim twg, paub tseeb los ntawm kev sim kev tshawb fawb, tuaj yeem pab nrog kev kawm txhua lub hnub nyoog. IN peb tau tham txog cov lus pom zoo xws li "kev ua haujlwm zoo txhua hnub" thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv cov lus hais txog yuav ua li cas doodling pab koj khaws cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua hauv kev qhuab qhia, thiab xav li cas txog qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yav tom ntej tso cai rau koj kom tau qib siab dua.
Niaj hnub no peb tab tom tham txog cov lus qhia dab tsi los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb pab koj nco qab cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua thiab tsis nco qab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb dua qeeb.
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Dab Neeg - nco txog kev nkag siab
Ib txoj hauv kev kom nco qab cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua (piv txwv li, ua ntej qhov kev xeem tseem ceeb) yog kev piav dab neeg. Cia peb xav seb vim li cas. Storytelling - "kev sib txuas lus cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm keeb kwm" - yog ib tug txheej txheem uas yog tam sim no nrov nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov cheeb tsam: los ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev tshaj tawm mus rau kev tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv hom ntawv tsis tseeb. Nws lub ntsiab lus, nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv dav dav tshaj plaws, yog tias tus neeg piav qhia hloov cov ntsiab lus tseeb rau hauv cov lus piav qhia, ib ntu ntawm cov xwm txheej sib cuam tshuam.
Cov dab neeg zoo li no pom tau yooj yim dua li cov ntaub ntawv txuas nrog xoob, yog li cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem siv thaum nco cov ntaub ntawv - sim tsim cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ua ib zaj dab neeg (lossis ntau zaj dab neeg). Tau kawg, txoj hauv kev no yuav tsum muaj kev muaj tswv yim thiab kev siv zog ntau - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj xav tau, piv txwv li, kom nco ntsoov cov pov thawj ntawm lub theorem - thaum nws los txog rau cov qauv, tsis muaj sijhawm rau cov dab neeg.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tswv yim tsis ncaj qha ntsig txog kev piav dab neeg. Ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv tau thov, tshwj xeeb, los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Columbia University (USA), Xyoo tas los cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws txoj kev kawm hauv phau ntawv Journal Psychological Science.
Cov kws tshaj lij uas tau ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tau kawm txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev muaj peev xwm nkag siab thiab nco qab cov ntaub ntawv. Ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb yog me ntsis zoo li sib cav nrog "tus neeg tsis ntseeg sab hauv" uas tsis txaus siab rau koj cov lus sib cav thiab nug txhua yam koj hais.
Txoj kev tshawb no tau ua li cas: 60 tus tub ntxhais kawm koom nrog hauv qhov kev sim tau muab cov ntaub ntawv nkag. Lawv suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog "kev xaiv nom tswv hauv qee lub nroog X": cov phiaj xwm nom tswv ntawm cov neeg sib tw thiab cov lus piav qhia txog cov teeb meem ntawm lub nroog tsis tseeb. Pawg tswj hwm tau hais kom sau ib tsab ntawv hais txog qhov zoo ntawm txhua tus neeg sib tw, thiab pawg sim tau raug nug kom piav qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev ua yeeb yam kev nom kev tswv sib tham txog cov neeg sib tw. Ob pawg (tswj thiab sim) tau hais kom sau ib tsab ntawv rau kev hais lus hauv TV hauv kev nyiam ntawm lawv tus neeg sib tw nyiam.
Nws muab tawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov kawg scenario, pawg neeg sim muab qhov tseeb ntau dua, siv cov lus meej dua, thiab ua kom pom kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov khoom. Hauv cov ntawv nyeem rau qhov chaw TV, cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm pab pawg sim ua kom pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg sib tw thiab lawv cov kev pab cuam thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog seb lawv cov neeg sib tw nyiam npaj los daws cov teeb meem hauv nroog.
Ntxiv mus, pawg neeg sim qhia lawv cov tswv yim kom raug: ntawm txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm hauv pawg sim, tsuas yog 20% tau hais hauv tsab ntawv kawg ntawm TV chaw uas tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm qhov tseeb (piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv nkag). Hauv pawg tswj hwm, 60% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tau hais cov lus no.
Yuav ua li cas cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm tsab xov xwm, kev kawm txog ntau yam kev xav tseem ceeb hais txog ib qho teeb meem tshwj xeeb ua rau muaj kev tshawb fawb ntau dua ntawm nws. Txoj hauv kev no cuam tshuam txog qhov koj pom cov ntaub ntawv - "kev sib tham sab hauv nrog cov neeg thuam" tso cai rau koj tsis yog coj kev paub txog kev ntseeg xwb. Koj pib nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev, muab piv txwv thiab pov thawj - thiab yog li nkag siab txog qhov teeb meem no kom tob thiab nco ntsoov cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Qhov kev qhia no, piv txwv li, pab koj npaj kom zoo dua rau cov lus nug nyuaj. Tau kawg, koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm twv tau txhua yam uas tus kws qhia ntawv yuav nug koj, tab sis koj yuav muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab npaj ntau dua - txij li koj tau "ua si tawm" cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws hauv koj lub taub hau.
Tsis nco qab nkhaus
Yog hais tias tus kheej hais lus yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo kom nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua, tom qab ntawd paub yuav ua li cas qhov tsis nco qab nkhaus ua haujlwm (thiab nws tuaj yeem dag) yuav pab koj khaws cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig ntev li ntev tau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog khaws cov kev paub tau txais hauv kev qhuab qhia mus txog qhov kev xeem (thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, tom qab nws).
Tsis yog qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab, lo lus tau qhia thawj zaug los ntawm German kws kho mob hlwb Hermann Ebbinghaus hauv xyoo 1885. Ebbinghaus kawm rote nco thiab muaj peev xwm muab tau cov qauv ntawm lub sij hawm txij li thaum cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, tus naj npawb ntawm repetitions, thiab cov feem pua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog thaum kawg khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb.
Ebbinghaus tau ua qhov kev sim ntawm kev cob qhia "mechanical memory" - cim cov lus tsis muaj nuj nqis uas yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam kev koom nrog hauv kev nco. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev kom nco qab tsis muaj tseeb (xws li cov kab ke "dissipate" los ntawm kev nco tau yooj yim heev) - txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis nco qab nkhaus "ua haujlwm" kuj muaj feem xyuam rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, tseem ceeb.
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Piv txwv li, hauv chav kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, koj tuaj yeem txhais qhov tsis nco qab nkhaus raws li hauv qab no: Tam sim ntawd tom qab mus koom kev qhuab qhia, koj muaj qee yam kev paub. Nws tuaj yeem raug xaiv los ua 100% (hais lus, "koj paub txhua yam koj paub").
Yog tias hnub tom qab koj tsis rov qab mus rau koj cov lus qhuab qhia thiab rov hais dua cov ntaub ntawv, tom qab ntawd thaum kawg ntawm hnub ntawd tsuas yog 20-50% ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau txais ntawm kev qhuab qhia yuav nyob hauv koj lub cim xeeb (peb rov hais dua, qhov no tsis yog ib qho. qhia tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas tus kws qhia ntawv tau qhia ntawm kev qhuab qhia, tab sis los ntawm txhua yam uas koj tus kheej tau tswj kom nco qab ntawm kev qhuab qhia). Hauv ib lub hlis, nrog rau txoj hauv kev no, koj tuaj yeem nco ntsoov txog 2-3% ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais - vim li ntawd, ua ntej qhov kev xeem, koj yuav tsum tau zaum ntawm txoj kev xav thiab kawm daim pib yuav luag los ntawm kos.
Txoj kev daws teeb meem ntawm no yog qhov yooj yim heev - txhawm rau kom tsis txhob nco cov ntaub ntawv "zoo li thawj zaug," nws txaus los ua ntu zus los ntawm cov ntawv sau los ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia lossis los ntawm phau ntawv. Tau kawg, qhov no yog ib txoj kev tho txawv, tab sis nws tuaj yeem txuag tau ntau lub sijhawm ua ntej kev xeem (thiab ruaj ntseg sib sau ua ke kev paub hauv kev nco mus ntev). Kev rov ua dua hauv qhov no ua lub cim qhia meej rau lub hlwb tias cov ntaub ntawv no tseem ceeb heev. Yog li ntawd, txoj hauv kev yuav tso cai rau ob qho tib si khaws cia kev paub zoo dua thiab nrawm dua "ua kom" nkag mus rau nws lub sijhawm.
Piv txwv li, Canadian University of Waterloo koj cov tub ntxhais kawm kom ua raws li cov lus qhia hauv qab no: “Qhov kev pom zoo tseem ceeb yog kom mob siab rau ib nrab ib teev los tshuaj xyuas qhov uas tau them rau hnub ua haujlwm thiab txij li ib nrab mus rau ob teev rau hnub so. Txawm hais tias koj tsuas tuaj yeem rov qab cov ntaub ntawv 4-5 hnub hauv ib lub lis piam, koj tseem yuav nco ntsoov ntau dua li 2-3% ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav nyob hauv koj lub cim xeeb yog tias koj tsis ua dab tsi hlo li. "
TL; DR
- Txhawm rau nco ntsoov cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua, sim siv cov txheej txheem piav dab neeg. Thaum koj txuas qhov tseeb rau hauv zaj dab neeg, zaj dab neeg, koj nco tau zoo dua. Tau kawg, txoj hauv kev no xav tau kev npaj loj thiab tsis yog ib txwm ua tau zoo - nws yog ib qho nyuaj los nrog cov lus piav qhia yog tias koj yuav tsum nco txog cov ntawv pov thawj lej lossis cov qauv physics.
- Hauv qhov no, lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau "tseem ceeb" zaj dab neeg yog kev sib tham nrog koj tus kheej. Yuav kom nkag siab zoo dua cov ntsiab lus, sim xav txog tias tus neeg xav txog kev sib tham yog tawm tsam koj, thiab koj tab tom sim ntxias nws. Hom ntawv no yog ntau universal, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo nta. Ua ntej, nws txhawb kev xav zoo (koj tsis lees txais qhov tseeb koj tab tom sim nco ntsoov, tab sis nrhiav pov thawj los txhawb koj qhov kev xav). Qhov thib ob, txoj kev no tso cai rau koj kom nkag siab tob txog qhov teeb meem. Thib peb, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib tw mus rau qhov kev xeem, cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj rov xyaum cov lus nug tsis yooj yim thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv koj cov lus teb. Yog lawm, qhov kev xyaum no tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev, tab sis qee zaum nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li sim sau cov khoom siv tshuab.
- Hais txog kev kawm rote, nco ntsoov qhov tsis nco qab nkhaus. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv koj tau them (piv txwv li, los ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia) tsawg kawg 30 feeb txhua hnub yuav pab koj khaws cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau hauv koj lub cim xeeb - yog li hnub ua ntej kev xeem koj yuav tsis tas yuav kawm cov ncauj lus. los ntawm kos. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm University of Waterloo qhia ua qhov kev sim thiab sim ua cov txheej txheem rov ua dua no tsawg kawg ob lub lis piam - thiab saib xyuas koj cov txiaj ntsig.
- Thiab yog tias koj txhawj xeeb tias koj cov ntawv sau tsis qhia ntau, sim cov txheej txheem peb tau sau txog .
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com