Hauv xyoo 2012, hluav taws tau pib nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Moscow. Ib lub tsev qub uas muaj ntoo qab nthab tau tua hluav taws, thiab qhov hluav taws kub tau sai sai rau cov tsev nyob sib ze. Cov neeg tua hluav taws tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov chaw - tag nrho cov chaw nres tsheb nyob ib puag ncig tau ntim nrog tsheb. Qhov hluav taws kub tau npog ib thiab ib nrab txhiab square meters. Nws kuj tseem tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub hydrant, yog li cov neeg cawm siav siv lub tsheb ciav hlau hluav taws thiab txawm tias ob lub nyoob hoom qav taub. Ib tug neeg ua haujlwm xwm txheej ceev tau tuag hauv qhov hluav taws kub.
Raws li nws tshwm sim tom qab, qhov hluav taws kub pib hauv lub tsev ntawm Mir publishing tsev.
Nws tsis zoo li lub npe no txhais tau dab tsi rau tib neeg feem coob. Lub tsev luam ntawv thiab luam tawm lub tsev, lwm tus dab los ntawm Soviet lub sij hawm, uas tsis tau luam tawm dab tsi rau peb caug xyoo, tab sis rau qee yam tseem muaj nyob. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo XNUMX, nws tau nyob rau ntawm qhov kev lag luam poob nyiaj txiag, tab sis qee qhov them rov qab nws cov nuj nqis rau leej twg thiab dab tsi nws tshuav. Nws tag nrho cov keeb kwm niaj hnub no yog ob peb kab hauv Wikipedia hais txog qhov leapfrog ntawm txhua yam ntawm lub xeev MSUP SHMUP FMUP, uas tau sau cov plua plav hauv cov folders ntawm Rostec (yog tias koj ntseeg Wikipedia, dua).
Tab sis tom qab cov kab lis kev cai tsis muaj ib lo lus hais txog dab tsi ib qho keeb kwm loj heev Mir tshuav hauv Is Nrias teb thiab nws cuam tshuam li cas rau lub neej ntawm ntau tiam neeg.
Ob peb hnub dhau los xa ib qhov txuas rau , qhov twg digitized Soviet scientific phau ntawv tau muab tso tawm. Kuv xav tias ib tug neeg tab tom tig lawv txoj kev xav rau hauv qhov laj thawj zoo. Nws tau muab tawm tias qhov no yog qhov tseeb, tab sis ob peb cov ntsiab lus ua rau blog txawv txawv - cov phau ntawv yog lus Askiv, thiab cov neeg Khab tau sib tham hauv cov lus. Txhua tus tau sau cov phau ntawv no tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau lawv thaum yau, qhia cov dab neeg thiab nco, thiab hais tias nws yuav zoo npaum li cas kom tau txais lawv hauv daim ntawv tam sim no.
Kuv Googled, thiab txhua qhov txuas tshiab ua rau kuv xav tsis thoob ntau thiab ntau dua - txhua kab, cov ntawv tshaj tawm, txawm tias documentaries txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias cov ntawv nyeem rau cov neeg Is Nrias teb. Rau kuv nws yog qhov kev tshawb pom, uas tam sim no kuv txaj muag txawm hais txog - Kuv tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg tias txheej txheej loj dhau los.
Nws hloov tawm tias Soviet cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau dhau los ua ib hom kev ntseeg hauv Is Nrias teb. Cov phau ntawv ntawm lub tsev luam tawm uas ingloriously ploj ntawm peb tseem muaj nqis rau lawv qhov hnyav hauv kub ntawm lwm sab ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
βLawv tau nrov heev vim lawv qhov zoo thiab tus nqi. Cov phau ntawv no tau muaj thiab xav tau txawm tias nyob hauv cov chaw me me - tsis yog hauv nroog loj xwb. Ntau yam tau muab txhais ua ntau yam lus Indian - Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi, Gujarati thiab lwm yam. Qhov no nthuav dav cov neeg tuaj saib. Txawm hais tias kuv tsis yog tus kws tshaj lij, kuv xav tias ib qho laj thawj los txo tus nqi yog kev sim hloov cov phau ntawv Western, uas yog kim heev thaum ntawd (thiab tam sim no), "Damitr, tus sau ntawm blog, hais rau kuv. [Damitr yog lub ntsiab lus rau tus sau lub npe tiag tiag, uas nws thov kom tsis txhob ua rau pej xeem.]
Nws yog ib tug physicist los ntawm kev cob qhia thiab txiav txim siab nws tus kheej ib tug bibliophile. Tam sim no nws yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb thiab kws qhia lej. Damitr pib sau phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lig 90s. Tom qab ntawd lawv tsis tau luam tawm hauv Is Nrias teb lawm. Tam sim no nws muaj txog 600 phau ntawv Soviet - qee qhov nws yuav ob txhais tes lossis los ntawm cov muag phau ntawv thib ob, qee qhov tau muab rau nws. βCov phau ntawv no ua rau kuv kawm tau yooj yim dua, thiab kuv xav kom ntau tus neeg nyeem lawv thiab. Tias yog vim li cas kuv pib kuv blog. "
Yuav ua li cas Soviet phau ntawv tuaj rau Is Nrias teb
Ob xyoos tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib XNUMX, Is Nrias teb tau tso tseg los ua ib lub tebchaws Askiv. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev hloov pauv zoo ib txwm yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab nyuaj. Kev ywj pheej Is Nrias teb tau dhau los ua tag nrho ntawm cov neeg sib txawv, uas tam sim no muaj lub sijhawm los hloov cov hauv paus uas lawv pom zoo. Lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig kuj tsis meej pem. Lub Soviet Union thiab Amelikas tau sim mus cuag, zoo li, txhua lub ces kaum kom ntxias lawv mus rau hauv lawv lub yeej.
Cov pej xeem Muslim tau rhuav tshem thiab nrhiav tau Pakistan. Thaj chaw ciam teb, raws li ib txwm muaj, tau dhau los ua kev tsis sib haum xeeb, thiab kev ua tsov rog tshwm sim muaj. Asmeskas txhawb Pakistan, Soviet Union txhawb Is Nrias teb. Nyob rau hauv 1955, Indian Prime Minister tau mus xyuas Moscow, thiab Khrushchev rov qab mus rau tib lub xyoo. Yog li pib muaj kev sib raug zoo ntev thiab zoo heev ntawm lub teb chaws. Txawm tias thaum Is Nrias teb muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog Tuam Tshoj hauv 60s, USSR tau ua haujlwm nyob nruab nrab, tab sis kev pab nyiaj txiag rau Is Nrias teb yog siab dua, uas ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog PRC.
Vim muaj kev phooj ywg nrog lub Union, muaj zog communist zog nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb. Thiab tom qab ntawd cov nkoj nrog tons ntawm phau ntawv mus rau Is Nrias teb, thiab mais ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab reels nrog Indian xinesmas tuaj rau peb.
βTxhua phau ntawv tuaj rau peb los ntawm Pawg Neeg Communist ntawm Is Nrias teb, thiab cov nyiaj los ntawm kev muag khoom tau ntxiv lawv cov nyiaj. Tau kawg, ntawm lwm cov phau ntawv, muaj hiav txwv thiab hiav txwv ntawm cov ntim ntawm Lenin, Marx thiab Engels, thiab ntau phau ntawv ntawm kev xav, kev xav thiab keeb kwm yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees. Tab sis hauv kev ua lej, hauv kev tshawb fawb, muaj ntau qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees. Txawm hais tias, nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov phau ntawv ntawm physics, tus sau tau piav qhia txog cov khoom siv dialectical hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev hloov pauv. Kuv yuav tsis hais seb puas yog tib neeg tsis ntseeg txog cov phau ntawv Soviet nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tab sis tam sim no feem ntau cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm Soviet cov ntaub ntawv yog sab laug-leaning centrists lossis sab laug sab laug. "
Damitr tau qhia kuv ob peb phau ntawv los ntawm Indian "sab laug-leaning tshaj tawm" Lub Frontline mob siab rau centenary ntawm lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv, neeg sau xov xwm Vijay Prashad qhov kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv Russia tau tshwm sim ua ntej, nyob rau hauv lub 20s, thaum Isdias Asmesliskas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev rhuav tshem ntawm peb tsarist tsoom fwv. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, cov lus tshaj tawm hauv tebchaws Communist thiab lwm cov ntawv nom tswv tau muab txhais ua lus Indian. Nyob rau hauv lub lig 20s, cov phau ntawv "Soviet Russia" los ntawm Jawaharal Nehru thiab "Leters from Russia" los ntawm Rabindranath Tagore tau nrov ntawm Indian haiv neeg.
Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias lub tswv yim ntawm kev hloov pauv tau zoo siab rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub tebchaws Askiv, lo lus "capitalism" thiab "imperialism" los ntawm lub neej ntawd muaj tib lub ntsiab lus tsis zoo uas tsoomfwv Soviet muab tso rau hauv lawv. Tab sis peb caug xyoo tom qab, nws tsis yog tsuas yog kev nom kev tswv cov ntaub ntawv uas tau nrov nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb.
Vim li cas cov neeg hauv Is Nrias teb nyiam cov phau ntawv Soviet heev?
Rau Is Nrias teb, txhua yam uas peb tau nyeem tau raug txhais. Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Pushkin, Chekhov, Gorky. Ib lub hiav txwv ntawm cov me nyuam phau ntawv, piv txwv li, "Deniska's dab neeg" los yog "Chuk thiab Gek". Los ntawm sab nraud nws zoo li peb hais tias Is Nrias teb, nrog nws cov keeb kwm nplua nuj thaum ub, gravitates rau myths xwb myths xwb thiab tej yam yees siv dab neeg, tab sis Indian cov me nyuam tau captivated los ntawm lub realism, niaj hnub lub neej thiab simplicity ntawm Soviet phau ntawv.
Xyoo tas los, zaj duab xis documentary "Red Stars Poob hauv Fog" hais txog Soviet cov ntaub ntawv raug tua hauv Is Nrias teb. Cov thawj coj tau mloog zoo tshaj plaws rau cov menyuam yaus cov phau ntawv uas cov yeeb yaj kiab cov cim loj hlob tuaj. Piv txwv li, Rugvedita Parakh, kws kho mob oncologist los ntawm Is Nrias teb, tau tham txog nws tus cwj pwm zoo li no: βLavxias cov phau ntawv yog kuv nyiam vim lawv tsis sim qhia. Lawv tsis qhia txog kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm zaj dab neeg, xws li hauv Aesop lossis Panchatantra. Kuv tsis nkag siab tias yog vim li cas txawm tias cov phau ntawv zoo li peb phau ntawv "Shyama Niam" yuav tsum muaj tag nrho cov clichΓ©s."
"Qhov txawv ntawm lawv yog tias lawv tsis tau sim ua kom tus menyuam tus cwj pwm tsis zoo lossis ua rau tsis zoo. Lawv tsis thuam lawv txoj kev txawj ntse, βtus kws kho hlwb Sulbha Subrahmanyam hais.
Txij li thaum ntxov 60s, Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij tau tshaj tawm cov phau ntawv. Tom qab ntawd nws tau muab faib ua ob peb cais. "Kev nce qib" thiab "Zaj Zaj" luam tawm cov menyuam yaus cov ntaub ntawv, ntawv tseeb, thiab kev nom kev tswv tsis tseeb (raws li lawv xav tau tam sim no). Leningrad "Aurora" luam tawm cov phau ntawv hais txog kev kos duab. Lub tsev tshaj tawm Pravda luam tawm cov menyuam yaus cov ntawv xov xwm Misha, uas, piv txwv li, muaj cov dab neeg, cov lus sib dhos rau kev kawm lus Lavxias, thiab txawm tias qhov chaw nyob rau kev sib tham nrog cov menyuam yaus los ntawm Soviet Union.
Thaum kawg, Mir lub tsev luam tawm luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv scientific thiab technical.
"Cov phau ntawv tshawb fawb, tau kawg, tau nrov, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov neeg uas nyiam kev tshawb fawb, thiab cov no ib txwm yog haiv neeg tsawg. Tej zaum qhov nrov ntawm Lavxias teb sab classics nyob rau hauv Indian lus (Tolstoy, Dostoevsky) kuj pab lawv. Phau ntawv tau pheej yig thiab dav heev uas lawv tau pom tias yuav luag pov tseg. Piv txwv li, thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv cov lus qhia lawv txiav tawm cov duab los ntawm cov phau ntawv no, "hais tias Damitr.
Deepa Bhashti sau rau hauv nws rau Calvert Journal tias thaum nyeem cov ntawv tshawb fawb, tib neeg tsis paub dab tsi thiab nrhiav tsis tau txog lawv cov neeg sau ntawv. Tsis zoo li cov classics, cov no feem ntau yog cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo tib yam ntawm cov koom haum tshawb fawb:
"Tam sim no Internet tau qhia kuv [qhov twg cov phau ntawv no tuaj ntawm], tsis muaj ib qho lus qhia txog cov kws sau ntawv, txog lawv cov dab neeg ntawm tus kheej. Hauv Is Taws Nem tseem tsis tau qhia kuv cov npe ntawm Babkov, Smirnov, Glushkov, Maron thiab lwm tus kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm tsoomfwv cov tsev kawm ntawv uas tau sau phau ntawv qhia txog yam xws li kev tsim tshav dav hlau, kev hloov hluav taws xob thiab kev hloov pauv huab cua, ntsuas xov tooj cua thiab ntau ntxiv.
Kuv lub siab xav dhau los ua tus kws tshaj lij astrophysicist (txog thaum nws poob siab los ntawm physics hauv tsev kawm theem siab) tshwm sim los ntawm phau ntawv xiav me me hu ua Space Adventures at Home los ntawm F. Rabitsa. Kuv sim nrhiav seb leej twg yog Rabitsa, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog nws ntawm ib qho chaw kiv cua ntawm Soviet cov ntaub ntawv. Thaj, cov npe tom qab kuv lub xeem yuav tsum txaus rau kuv. Cov ntawv sau txog keeb kwm yav dhau los yuav tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau lub tebchaws uas lawv tau ua haujlwm. "
"Kuv cov phau ntawv nyiam yog Lev Tarasov cov phau ntawv," hais tias Damitr, "Nws theem ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv lub ncauj lus, nws nkag siab, yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Thawj phau ntawv kuv nyeem, nws sau ua ke nrog nws tus poj niam Albina Tarasova. Nws hu ua "Cov Lus Nug thiab Lus Teb ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Physics." Nyob ntawd, ntau qhov kev xav tsis zoo los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib tham. Phau ntawv no qhia meej ntau rau kuv. Phau ntawv thib ob uas kuv tau nyeem los ntawm nws yog "Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics." Nws tshuaj xyuas quantum mechanics nrog tag nrho cov lej nruj. Muaj, ib yam nkaus, muaj kev sib tham ntawm classical physicist, tus sau thiab tus nyeem ntawv. Kuv kuj tau nyeem nws "Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj Plaws Zoo Tshaj Plaws", "Kev Sib Tham ntawm Lub Teeb Ntawm Lub Teeb", "Lub Ntiaj Teb Ua Rau Qhov Zoo". Txhua phau ntawv yog lub pov haum thiab kuv muaj hmoo muaj peev xwm xa lawv mus rau lwm tus. "
Yuav ua li cas cov phau ntawv tau khaws cia tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR
Los ntawm xyoo 80, muaj ntau cov phau ntawv Soviet hauv Is Nrias teb. Txij li thaum lawv tau muab txhais ua ntau hom lus hauv zos, cov menyuam yaus Indian tau kawm nyeem lawv cov lus ib txwm los ntawm cov ntawv Lavxias. Tab sis nrog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Union txhua yam tau nres sai sai. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, Is Nrias teb twb muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev lag luam, thiab Lavxias Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Txawv Tebchaws tau hais tias nws tsis txaus siab rau kev sib raug zoo tshwj xeeb nrog New Delhi. Txij thaum ntawd los, lawv tau tso tseg kev pab nyiaj txhais lus thiab tshaj tawm cov phau ntawv hauv Is Nrias teb. Los ntawm 2000s, cov phau ntawv Soviet tau ploj mus tag nrho ntawm cov txee.
Tsuas yog ob peb xyoos tau txaus rau Soviet cov ntaub ntawv yuav luag tsis nco qab, tab sis nrog kev nthuav dav hauv Is Taws Nem, nws qhov chaw tshiab tau pib. Cov neeg nyiam sib sau ua ke hauv cov zej zog hauv Facebook, sib tham ntawm cov blogs cais, nrhiav txhua phau ntawv lawv nrhiav tau, thiab pib digitize lawv.
Cov yeeb yaj kiab "Lub Hnub Qub Liab Lost Hauv Fog," ntawm lwm yam, qhia txog cov neeg tshaj tawm niaj hnub no tau siv lub tswv yim ntawm kev sau thiab digitizing, tab sis rov muab cov ntawv qub. Ua ntej lawv sim nrhiav cov neeg tuav pov hwm, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem, yog li lawv nyuam qhuav pib sau cov ntawv tseem muaj sia nyob, txhais cov uas ploj lawm dua, thiab muab tso rau hauv luam tawm.
Tseem los ntawm zaj duab xis "Red Stars Poob hauv Fog."
Tab sis yog tias cov ntawv tseeb tuaj yeem hnov ββββqab yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa, cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tseem nyob hauv qhov xav tau zoo li yav dhau los. Raws li Damitra, nws tseem siv nyob rau hauv kev kawm voj voog:
"Muaj ntau tus kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov kws qhia ntawv, cov kws paub txog physicists, tau pom zoo cov phau ntawv Soviet rau kuv. Feem ntau cov engineers uas tseem ua haujlwm niaj hnub no tau kawm hauv qab lawv.
Niaj hnub no lub koob meej yog vim qhov nyuaj heev IIT-JEE kev xeem rau engineering. Ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov kws qhia ntawv tsuas yog thov Vajtswv rau cov phau ntawv ntawm Irodov, Zubov, Shalnov thiab Wolkenstein. Kuv tsis paub meej tias cov ntawv tseeb ntawm Soviet thiab cov menyuam yaus cov phau ntawv tau nrov nrog cov tiam tam sim no, tab sis Irodov Txoj Kev daws teeb meem hauv Physics tseem raug lees paub tias yog tus qauv kub. "
Damitra qhov chaw ua haujlwm, qhov chaw nws digitizes phau ntawv.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev khaws cia thiab nrov - txawm tias cov phau ntawv tshawb fawb - tseem yog cov haujlwm ntawm ob peb tus neeg nyiam: "Raws li kuv paub, tsuas yog ob peb tus neeg dhau ntawm kuv sau cov phau ntawv Soviet, qhov no tsis yog ib qho kev ua ntau heev. Txhua xyoo muaj tsawg dua thiab tsawg dua cov phau ntawv hardcover; tom qab tag nrho, qhov kawg ntawm lawv tau luam tawm ntau tshaj peb caug xyoo dhau los. Muaj tsawg thiab tsawg qhov chaw uas cov phau ntawv Soviet tuaj yeem pom. Ntau zaus kuv xav tias phau ntawv kuv pom yog daim ntawv kawg hauv lub neej.
Tsis tas li ntawd, phau ntawv sau nws tus kheej yog ib qho kev nyiam ua kom tuag. Kuv paub tsawg tus neeg (txawm tias kuv nyob hauv kev kawm) uas muaj ntau tshaj li kaum phau ntawv hauv tsev. "
Lev Tarasov cov phau ntawv tseem raug luam tawm hauv ntau lub tsev tshaj tawm Lavxias. Nws tseem sau ntawv tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Union, thaum lawv tsis raug coj mus rau Is Nrias teb. Tab sis kuv tsis nco qab nws lub npe nrov nrov ntawm peb. Txawm tias kev tshawb fawb xyaw ntawm thawj nplooj ntawv qhia txawv Lvov Tarasovs. Kuv xav tias Damitr yuav xav li cas txog qhov no?
Los yog cov tshaj tawm yuav xav li cas yog tias lawv pom tias "Mir", "Progress" thiab "Rainbow", uas cov phau ntawv lawv xav luam tawm, tseem muaj nyob, tab sis nws zoo li tsuas yog hauv cov npe ntawm cov koom haum raug cai. Thiab thaum lub tsev luam tawm Mir hlawv, lawv cov cuab yeej cuab tam phau ntawv yog qhov teeb meem kawg uas tau tham tom qab.
Tam sim no lawv muaj tus cwj pwm txawv ntawm USSR. Kuv tus kheej muaj ntau qhov tsis sib haum xeeb hauv nws. Tab sis rau qee yam, sau ntawv thiab lees paub rau Damitro tias kuv tsis paub dab tsi txog qhov no yog qee qhov txaj muag thiab tu siab.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com