Ariadne Conill, tus tsim ntawm Audacious suab paj nruag player, pib ntawm IRCv3 raws tu qauv, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Alpine Linux pab pawg kev ruaj ntseg, thuam Free Software Foundation cov cai ntawm tus tswv firmware thiab microcode, nrog rau cov cai ntawm Kev hwm Koj Txoj Kev ywj pheej pib tsom rau. daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom siv uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau cov neeg siv khoom ntiag tug thiab kev ywj pheej. Raws li Ariadne, lub Foundation cov cai txwv cov neeg siv khoom siv tsis siv khoom siv, txhawb cov tuam txhab nrhiav ntawv pov thawj rau cov khoom siv kho vajtse nyuaj dhau, cuam tshuam kev txhim kho cov kev hloov pauv dawb rau cov khoom siv firmware, thiab tiv thaiv kev siv kev nyab xeeb kom raug.
Qhov teeb meem yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias daim ntawv pov thawj "Respect Your Freedom" tsuas yog tau los ntawm ib lub cuab yeej uas txhua tus muab software yuav tsum pub dawb, suav nrog firmware loaded siv lub ntsiab CPU. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, firmware siv rau ntawm cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem kaw, yog tias lawv tsis qhia txog kev hloov kho tom qab lub cuab yeej poob rau hauv tes ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej yuav tsum xa nrog lub BIOS dawb, tab sis microcode loaded los ntawm lub chipset rau CPU, firmware rau I / O li, thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm kev sib txuas sab hauv ntawm FPGA tuaj yeem kaw.
Ib qho xwm txheej tshwm sim yog tias tus tswv firmware tau thauj khoom thaum pib los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm Open Source Foundation, tab sis yog tias lub firmware rau tib lub hom phiaj yog thauj khoom los ntawm cov nti sib cais, cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem raug lees paub. Txoj hauv kev no yog suav tias yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, txij li thawj qhov teeb meem pom pom, tus neeg siv tswj nws qhov chaw thau khoom, paub txog nws, tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas kev ruaj ntseg ywj pheej, thiab tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim yog tias muaj cov analogue dawb. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, lub firmware yog lub thawv dub, uas yog qhov nyuaj rau kev kuaj xyuas thiab qhov muaj nyob ntawm tus neeg siv yuav tsis paub txog, tsis ntseeg tias txhua tus software yog nyob rau hauv nws tswj.
Raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm manipulations aimed ntawm tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj hwm koj txoj kev ywj pheej, Librem 5 smartphone yog muab, cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm uas, thiaj li yuav tau txais thiab siv rau kev lag luam lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua raws li cov cai ntawm Free Software Foundation, siv a cais processor los pib cov cuab yeej thiab thauj khoom firmware. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm theem pib, kev tswj tau raug xa mus rau lub ntsiab CPU, thiab cov txheej txheem pabcuam raug muab tua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, daim ntawv pov thawj tuaj yeem tau ua tiav, txij li cov ntsiav thiab BIOS tsis thauj khoom binary blobs, tab sis sib nrug los ntawm kev qhia cov teeb meem tsis tsim nyog, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav hloov. Interestingly, thaum kawg tag nrho cov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv vain thiab Purism yeej tsis muaj peev xwm tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj.
Cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ruaj ntseg kuj tshwm sim los ntawm Open Source Foundation cov lus pom zoo rau kev siv Linux Libre kernel thiab Libreboot firmware, tshem tawm ntawm blobs loaded rau hauv kho vajtse. Ua raws li cov lus pom zoo no tuaj yeem ua rau ntau hom kev ua tsis tiav, thiab zais cov lus ceeb toom txog qhov yuav tsum tau nruab firmware hloov tshiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis raug thiab teeb meem kev nyab xeeb (piv txwv li, tsis hloov kho microcode, lub kaw lus yuav nyob twj ywm rau Meltdown thiab Spectre tawm tsam) . Disabling microcode hloov tshiab yog perceived as absurd, muab hais tias ib tug embedded version ntawm tib microcode, uas tseem muaj vulnerabilities thiab uncorrected yuam kev, yog loaded nyob rau hauv lub nti pib txheej txheem.
Lwm qhov kev tsis txaus siab cuam tshuam txog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm kom tau txais Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Saib Xyuas Koj Txoj Kev ywj pheej rau cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no (tus qauv tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj laptops hnub rov qab mus rau 2009). Cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis zoo li Intel ME. Piv txwv li, lub Framework laptop los nrog qhib firmware thiab yog tsom rau kev ua tiav cov neeg siv kev tswj, tab sis nws tsis zoo li lub Free Software Foundation puas tau pom zoo rau nws vim yog siv Intel processors nrog Intel ME thev naus laus zis (kom lov tes taw Intel Management Engine, koj. tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho Intel ME modules los ntawm firmware, tsis hais txog qhov pib pib ntawm CPU, thiab tshem tawm lub ntsiab Intel ME maub los siv qhov kev xaiv tsis muaj ntaub ntawv, uas, piv txwv li, ua tiav los ntawm System76 thiab Purism hauv lawv lub laptops).
Ib qho piv txwv kuj yog Novena laptop, tsim raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Open Hardware thiab muab nrog qhib qhov chaw tsav tsheb thiab firmware. Txij li thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm GPU thiab WiFi hauv Freescale i.MX 6 SoC yuav tsum tau rub tawm blobs, txawm hais tias tseem tsis tau npaj cov qauv dawb ntawm cov blobs hauv kev txhim kho, txhawm rau lees paub Novena, Open Source Foundation xav kom cov no. Cheebtsam yog mechanically disabled. Kev hloov pauv dawb thaum kawg tau tsim thiab tsim muaj rau cov neeg siv, tab sis daim ntawv pov thawj yuav tiv thaiv cov neeg siv los ntawm kev siv lawv txij li GPU thiab WiFi, uas tsis muaj firmware dawb thaum lub sijhawm lees paub, yuav tsum tau ua rau lub cev tsis taus yog tias xa nrog Kev hwm Koj. Daim ntawv pov thawj ywj pheej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus tsim tawm Novena tsis kam lees txais daim ntawv pov thawj hwm koj txoj kev ywj pheej, thiab cov neeg siv tau txais kev pabcuam puv ntoob, tsis yog lub tshuab rub tawm.
Tau qhov twg los: opennet.ru