Txawm hais tias kev tswj hwm, kev lag luam thiab kev cai lij choj tseem nyob hauv "sab saum toj" thaj chaw ntawm kev cob qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv tau ntau xyoo, tsis ntev los no lub koob meej ntawm IT tshwj xeeb kuj tau nce ntxiv. Cov neeg thov thiab lawv niam lawv txiv ntsib cov lus nug lub tsev kawm ntawv twg mus rau и rau dab tsi tshwj xeeb?
Puas yog kev kawm qib siab hauv IT tseem tsim nyog?
Kuv tsis txawm xav tsa lub ntsiab lus no - ntau cov ntawv luam tau tawg ntawm qhov teeb meem no hauv kev sib cav hauv zej zog kev tshaj lij. Tab sis tseem, kuv nco ntsoov tias muaj cov cheeb tsam uas muaj "ntauwd" yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua lossis muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv: ua haujlwm ua tus kws tshaj lij (tsim rau xov tooj, cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam), ua haujlwm rau lub xeev. kev lag luam, kawm Machine Learning, mus txawv tebchaws, cuv npe kawm hauv MBA program, thiab lwm yam.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog koj mus 62% programmer vacancy tsis xav tau kev kawm qib siab, tab sis - 61%. Thiab ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm IT muaj cov kev kawm uas tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb - qhov no yog qhov tseeb.
Tab sis txij li thaum peb nyob ntawm no, peb yuav xav tias qhov kev xaiv ua tau raug xaiv.
Russia los yog txawv teb chaws?
Qhov tseeb: kev kawm hauv tsev tau dhau los ntawm lub sijhawm nyuaj, thiab ntau lub tsev kawm txawv tebchaws (piv txwv li, German, Fabkis, Scandinavian) muaj kev kawm dawb lossis yuav luag pub dawb rau kev kawm qib siab hauv bachelor's, master's thiab postgraduate. Muaj kev xaiv nrog kev cob qhia ua lus Askiv. Qhov no yog lub sijhawm tiag tiag kom txav mus los thiab nyob ua haujlwm hauv "thawj lub ntiaj teb".
Cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb txawv ntawm lub tebchaws mus rau lub tebchaws. Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau cov neeg thov tuaj yeem yog kev paub tsis zoo ntawm cov lus txawv teb chaws thiab tsis muaj peev xwm them nyiaj rau (kub) kev pab.
Hmoov tsis zoo, kuv tsis muaj sijhawm mus kawm txawv teb chaws. Ntau cov dab neeg ua tiav tau raug sau tseg hauv cov chaw hauv zos и .
Ntxiv mus, peb yuav tham tsuas yog hais txog Russia qhov tseeb.
Xaiv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab
Hauv 2018, raws li Yandex Atlas hauv Russia 344 Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau txais cov neeg thov hauv thaj tsam ntawm "Informatics thiab Computer Science". Tab sis tsis yog txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab cov lus nug tseem ceeb rau koj tus kheej: koj puas npaj txav mus rau lwm lub nroog / cheeb tsam? Lub tsev kawm ntawv puas muaj dormory? Puas muaj qhov xav tau rau "chaw ua tub rog" (los ntawm 2019 "chaw qhia tub rog")? Qhov no yuav txo tau cov kev xaiv ntau heev.
Kawm qib siab hauv tsev kawm qib siab
Kev ntsuam xyuas nyob deb ntawm qhov tseeb tiag, vim tias tsuas yog tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab qhov kev kawm zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv yeej ib txwm muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog faculties thiab departments. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem ceeb heev los saib cov kev ntsuas.
Thoob Ntiaj Teb
Los ntawm Russia universities rau nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Computer Science (, , ) tsuas yog thawj pua leej suav nrog . Tab sis kev suav nrog hauv kev ntaus nqi nws tus kheej kuj tsis phem. Lawv feem ntau suav nrog: , , , , , , , - cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv lub tebchaws.
Lavxias
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub koj tus kheej nrog cov qeb duas rau Unified State Exam nkag cov qhab nia ntawm cov kev txaus siab, piv txwv li hauv . Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas sab saum toj feem ntau coincides nrog cov thoob ntiaj teb; ntawm cov thawj coj nws kuj tsim nyog hais txog , , . Tib lub tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau sab saum toj .
Tau txais xwm txheej thiab nkag mus rau qhov program kuj qhia txog cov xwm txheej siab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab.
Cov npe "cov koom haum loj" cov tsev kawm qib siab feem ntau paub zoo rau cov tswv ntiav thiab lawv cov tub ceev xwm. Tab sis nws nyuaj rau nkag mus thiab kawm nyob ntawd.
IB Study
Ib qho kev kawm nthuav tau ua nyob rau hauv 2016 los ntawm Lavxias teb sab IT loj heev IBS: . Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv excerpt los ntawm qhov chaw cov ntaub ntawv Raws li 2015 cov neeg kawm tiav ntawm qee lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Moscow:
► Rooj: nyiaj hli ntawm cov kawm tiav ntawm Moscow technical universitiesCov lus qhia qhia txog feem ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov nyiaj them tam sim tom qab kawm tiav.
| Lub koom haum kev kawm | Kev faib ua haujlwm, %* | Cov nyiaj hli nruab nrab, ₽ ** |
| Moscow Aviation lub koom haum | 80 | 57 693 |
| Moscow State Technical University muaj npe tom qab N.E. Bauman | 85 | 66 722 |
| Moscow State University muaj npe tom qab M.V. Lomonosov | 90 | 80 325 |
| Moscow State University of Food Production | 75 | 42 963 |
| Moscow Technical University of Communications thiab Informatics | 80 | 60 165 |
| Lavxias teb sab Technological University (MIREA + MITHT + MUPI) | 75 | 50 792 |
| Moscow Technical University of Communications thiab Informatics | 75 | 52 629 |
| Moscow lub koom haum ntawm Physics thiab Technology (lub xeev university) | 100 | 104 450 |
| National Research Technological University "MISiS" | 80 | 51 450 |
| National Research University Higher School of Economics | 85 | 66 476 |
| National Research University "Moscow Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Electronic Technology" | 85 | 56 219 |
| National tshawb fawb University "MPEI" | 75 | 58 332 |
| National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" | 85 | 65 532 |
* - rau full-time (full-time), thawj kev kawm qib siab; ** - kawm tiav 2015 hauv 2016
Tau kawg, cov nyiaj hli tau muab yog "qhov nruab nrab kub hauv tsev kho mob," tab sis qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab.
Kev xaiv: "muaj zog" university
Cov lus sib cav rau kev nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm qib siab muaj kev sib tw:
- Cov qauv kev kawm siab: nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua tus tub ntxhais kawm C ntawm Moscow State University dua li cov tub ntxhais kawm zoo hauv tsev kawm ntawv laj kab;
- kev txhawb siab ib puag ncig: nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo koj yuav tsum tau siv zog rau qhov feem ntau siab, nyob rau hauv ib tug phem ib tug, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, nws yog xam tau tias yog muaj zog los kawm tsis muaj dab tsi thiab xyov dhau mus nrog ib tug "txaus siab" qib;
- tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas nrog cov neeg muaj peev xwm;
- qhov txaus nyiam ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj rau tus tswv ntiav haujlwm (tsawg kawg thaum nrhiav haujlwm thawj lossis thib ob).
Cons:
- Yog tias peb tsis tham txog qee yam ntawm cov khoos phis tawj supercomputer, cov ntsiab lus IT tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm nws tus kheej nrog kev txaus siab;
- Nws nyuaj rau kev thov, koj yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej;
- nws yuav siv ntau heev nerd, txwv tsis pub nws yooj yim ya tawm.
Kuv xav kom cov menyuam yaus uas muaj txuj ci rau physics thiab lej tseem sim nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm qib siab. Tab sis koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qee cov me nyuam tab tom npaj nkag mus rau tib lub Moscow State University los ntawm qib 9.
Kev xaiv: "tsis tu ncua" university
Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tau kawm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv yooj yim dua. Yog tias tus nyeem ntawv, zoo li tus sau ntawm tsab ntawv, tsis muaj hnub qub txaus nyob rau saum ntuj, ces peb lub hom phiaj yog nkag mus rau ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab kev lag luam.
Vim li cas cov tsev kawm ntawv dai lawv cov plaub hau ntawm lawv pob ntseg?
Qhov tseeb: dhau 10 xyoo dhau los, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg thov los ntawm qhov txaus ntshai 40%. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw siv nyiaj hauv tsev kawm qib siab kuj tau txo qis, tab sis tsis ntau.
Yog li ntawd, cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab yuav tsum sib tw rau cov neeg thov: lawv yuav tsum tau sau cov chaw siv nyiaj, txwv tsis pub cov chaw no yuav raug txiav rau xyoo tom ntej, thiab nws kuj yuav zoo rau cov tub ntxhais kawm them nyiaj. Hauv cov kev sib tw zoo li no, cov tsev kawm qib siab yuav tsum kawm kev lag luam txawm tias lawv nyiam lossis tsis nyiam. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nyob rau hauv lub official lub website, thiab nyob rau hauv lub qhib hnub, lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav hu nkauj qhuas - tsis muaj yuav tsum tau coj txhua yam hnov ntawm lub ntsej muag tus nqi.
Muaj lus nug xaiv
Qhov kev kawm twg muaj nuj nqis tsawg?
- Kev sau ntawv/kev kawm deb - Cov xwm txheej hauv lub neej txawv, tab sis yog tias koj muaj sijhawm los kawm puv sijhawm, nws yog qhov zoo dua mus kawm puv sijhawm (lossis tsawg kawg yog yav tsaus ntuj);
- tsis muaj kev lees paub tshwj xeeb - tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tub rog + lub sijhawm tau txais los ntawm lub xeev. daim ntawv pov thawj thiab daim ntawv pov thawj (thaum nkag koj yuav paub tseeb tias qhov kev zov me nyuam tsuas yog tshiab, thiab kev lees paub yuav tau txais sai sai);
- phiaj - tsis txaus ntshai, tab sis muab tso rau me me, nws tsis yog rau txhua tus neeg: qis dua qib dhau, tab sis tom qab kawm tiav - raug yuam ua haujlwm rau qee lub koom haum tshawb fawb lossis tub ceev xwm (= nyiaj hli tsawg);
- ceg - raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj zog ntau dua li niam txiv tsev kawm ntawv (yog tias nws tsis yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv koom nrog, saib hauv qab no);
- tsis yog technical university - ib yam li cov tsev kawm txuj ci tseem ceeb tau tsom mus rau kev cob qhia kws lij choj thiab cov kws tshawb fawb nyiaj txiag, thiab lwm yam - tib neeg cov tsev kawm qib siab tab tom sim cob qhia IT cov kws tshaj lij; Muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo, piv txwv li, sab saum toj HSE, thawj zaug, tsim cov Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Computer hauv kev koom tes nrog Yandex, thiab thib ob, hauv 2012 nws "tau noj" lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab IT zoo, MIEM;
- coj mus muag (tsis yog xeev) university - Cov tsev kawm ntawv ntiav feem ntau nyiam qhia cov kws lij choj thiab cov nyiaj txiag; peb tsis tau hnov txog cov tsev kawm qib siab IT uas muaj zog. Qee qhov, raws li cov lus xaiv, feem ntau ua haujlwm hauv "rov qab los ib zaug txhua rau lub hlis nrog phau ntawv sau thiab nyiaj" hom. Saib odious .
Cov no tsis yog dogmas: tau kawg, koj ib txwm yuav tsum tau saib qhov xwm txheej.
University mergers
Cais, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no ntau consolidations ntawm universities. Qee qhov txawv txawv heev - tsuas yog vim qhov sib thooj ntawm thaj chaw: piv txwv li, kev lag luam mining thiab kev lag luam Moscow State University of Humanities tau txuas rau lub koom haum ntawm Steel thiab Alloys MISiS, thiab lub koom haum tshuaj ntawm Chemical Technology tau txuas nrog lub koom haum ntawm Radioelectronics thiab Automation (MIREA). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej tsim MUPI tau los ua ib feem ntawm MIREA. HSE, tau nqus lub MIEM Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Electronics thiab Lej, tau txais nws cov tsev nyob hauv qhov chaw, thiab MIEM nws tus kheej tau tsiv mus rau sab nrauv ntawm lub nroog - mus rau Strogino.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, "kos npe" tseem nyob ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv "muaj zog dua". Cov. nkag mus rau Mytishchi ceg ntawm MSTU. Bauman, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias peb xyoos dhau los nws yog University of the Forest.
Tshwj Xeeb
Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm hloov mus rau lwm qhov tshwj xeeb, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv qhov yog tam sim ntawd, txwv tsis pub koj yuav tau them ib pawg ntawm "cov nuj nqis".
Kev xaiv tshwj xeeb yog txuam nrog kev xaiv ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov chav kawm tiav. Hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab muaj cov kws qhia ntawv muaj zog thiab cov tsis muaj zog, yog li kev paub txog kev xaiv kuj tseem ceeb ntawm no.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, xaiv qhov tshwj xeeb tsis yog qhov kev xaiv kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm - hauv IT txhua yam yog hloov tau yooj yim thiab hloov pauv sai. Tus kws tshaj lij muaj nuj nqis, tsis yog kev tshaj lij.
Hauv tebchaws Russia, muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci (Federal State Educational Standards) rau txhua qhov tshwj xeeb, raws li cov tsev kawm qib siab npaj cov kev kawm. Ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj kev cuam tshuam . Kuv sim sib piv cov kev tshwj xeeb nrog cov haujlwm, tab sis qhov no feem ntau yog kuv qhov kev xav.
| code | qub code | Tshwj xeeb | ~ Kev tshaj lij |
| 09.03.01 | 230100 | Informatics thiab Computer Science | programmer |
| 09.03.02 | 230400 | Cov ntaub ntawv systems thiab technologies | programmer, system administrator |
| 09.03.03 | 230700 | Siv Cov Ntaub Ntawv | programmer, analyst (nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv thov, piv txwv li hauv economics) |
| 09.03.04 | 231000 | Software Engineering | programmer-designer |
| 01.03.02 | 010400 | Applied lej thiab computer science | kws tshuaj ntsuam, programmer |
| 01.03.04 | 231300 | Ua lej | kws tshuaj ntsuam |
| 01.03.05 | Статистика | kws tshuaj ntsuam | |
| 02.03.01 | 010200 | Kawm lej thiab Computer Science | mathematician, programmer |
| 02.03.02 | 010300 | Basic computer science thiab information technology | programmer, kws |
| 02.03.03 | 010500 | Software thiab tswj cov ntaub ntawv systems | Programmer, kws tshuaj ntsuam |
| 10.03.01 | 090900 | Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kev Ruaj Ntseg | cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg tshwj xeeb |
| 38.03.05 | 080500 | Kev Lag Luam Xov Xwm | Analyst, IT manager |
| 15.03.04 | 220700 | Automation ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thiab kev tsim khoom | ntau lawm automation |
| 11.03.02 | Infocommunication technologies thiab kev sib txuas lus systems | telecom engineer, system administrator | |
| 27.03.04 | 220400 | Management nyob rau hauv technical systems | ntau lawm automation, automated tswj system tsim tawm |
Cov kev tshwj xeeb ib nrab sib tshooj, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog qhov nyuaj rau kev nkag siab, txawm tias koj nyeem Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj kev ywj pheej los hloov qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm qee qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees. Qee qhov muaj lej ntau dua, qhov chaw muaj algorithms, qhov chaw muaj kev xyaum ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los txheeb xyuas qhov tshwj xeeb hauv zos ntawm cov kev pab cuam nrog rau pawg neeg nkag.
Hmoov tsis zoo, kuv nrhiav tsis tau ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm IT zoo. Yog leej twg tau ntsib no thov share.
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Specialist lossis Bachelor's degree?
Nrog rau qhov tshiab "Bologna" system: 4 xyoo ntawm bachelor's degree + 2 xyoo ntawm master's degree, Soviet tshwj xeeb ntawm 5-5.5 xyoo tseem muaj. Ua siab ncaj, kuv yuav tsis hais qhov twg zoo dua. Thaum bachelor's degrees thawj zaug tshwm sim li 10 xyoo dhau los, cov tsev kawm qib siab tau maj nrawm los npaj bachelor's programs, squeezing out old specialist programs, feem ntau txiav kom nrawm. Tam sim no, kuv vam tias, qhov xwm txheej tau rov qab mus rau qhov qub thiab koj tuaj yeem nyab xeeb mus rau qib bachelor's degree, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li qhov tshwj xeeb tau dhau los ua ib qho dhau los. Cov bachelor's degree sib haum rau European txoj kev kawm, thiab tso cai rau koj los kho koj qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev tso npe hauv Lavxias lossis txawv teb chaws tus tswv txoj haujlwm. Bachelor's degree tau muab faib ua "kev kawm" thiab "tsim" - tom kawg, tsawg teev tau mob siab rau "hauv paus" thiab ntau dua rau kev xyaum. Kev xyaum yog qhov zoo, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov tseeb tias lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav muaj peev xwm muab tau rau qib tsim nyog, thiab lub hauv paus yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kawm tiav qib siab.
Kuv puas yuav dhau los ua tus kws tshaj lij nrhiav tom qab kuv daim ntawv kawm tiav?
Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug zoo los nug koj tus kheej, tsawg kawg yog pib ntawm xyoo peb. Teb: Nws nyob ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv ntau dua li ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Nws yog qhov xav tau heev uas los ntawm kev kawm tiav koj muaj qee qhov kev txawj ntse uas tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev kawm ntxiv thiab kev xyaum ua haujlwm. Feem ntau cov tsev kawm ntawv koom tes nrog kev lag luam - tus tswv ntiav "loj hlob" tus kws tshaj lij rau nws tus kheej. Hauv cov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm cov pej xeem lub qhov, txawm tias Yandex thiab Mail.Ru tsis tuaj yeem them taus "nqi ntiav cov neeg laus xwb," yog li lawv tab tom nrhiav haujlwm ua haujlwm. Tsis txhob ntshai sim mus ua haujlwm thiab tsis txhob ntshai hloov koj thawj txoj haujlwm yog tias koj tsis nyiam.
Kuv yuav cais qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm lus Askiv. Sau npe rau cov chav kawm lus Askiv - thiab qhov no, dhau los, yuav qhib MOOC cov kev kawm los ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab txawv teb chaws rau koj.
Hais txog kev kawm txuj ci: nws yog qhov txaj muag, tab sis cov tswv ntiav tsis saib qhov tseeb tias koj muaj daim ntawv pov thawj "muaj txiaj ntsig", tab sis tseem yog qhov qhab nia nruab nrab zoo (GPA) yuav xav tau thaum thov rau tus tswv txawv teb chaws txoj haujlwm.
Mus rau nws!
Ntxiv rau ntawm cov ncauj lus:
Tsuas yog cov neeg siv sau npe tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas. thov.
Cov kawm tiav, puas tau kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv pab koj hauv koj txoj haujlwm yav tom ntej?
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Yog
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Tsuas yog thaum pib
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Tsis
147 cov neeg siv pov npav. 33 cov neeg siv tau txwv.
Cov tswv lag luam, puas muaj kev kawm siab dua ua qhov txawv thaum ntiav rau koj lub koom haum?
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Yog lawm, peb tsuas ntiav cov neeg uas muaj kev kawm qib siab tshwj xeeb
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Yog lawm, peb tsuas yog ntiav cov neeg uas kawm tiav qib siab, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis yog tub ntxhais kawm
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Muaj kev kawm siab dua yog qhov xav tau
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Tsis yog, peb tsis saib nws tag nrho
79 cov neeg siv pov npav. 80 cov neeg siv txwv tsis pub siv.
Cov tsev kawm qib siab Lavxias twg koj xav txog kev ua hauv lub tebchaws hauv computer science (koj puas xav ntiav cov neeg kawm tiav)?
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Lwm yam
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Moscow State University
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Saint Petersburg State University
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Moscow lub koom haum ntawm Physics thiab Technology (Phystech)
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St. Petersburg University of Information Technologies, Mechanics thiab Optics (ITMO)
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High School of Economics
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Tomsk Polytechnic University
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Tomsk State University
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Novosibirsk State University
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Moscow State Technical University muaj npe tom qab. N. E. Bauman
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Moscow Engineering Physics lub koom haum
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Moscow lub koom haum ntawm Steel thiab Alloys
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St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University "LETI"
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Moscow Aviation lub koom haum
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Kazan (Volga Region) Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws University
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Ural Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws University
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Nizhny Novgorod State University muaj npe tom qab. N. I. Lobachevsky
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South Federal University
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Siberian Federal University
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Far Eastern Federal University
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St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
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Samara University
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Baltic Federal University
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South Ural State University
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Tyumen State University
87 cov neeg siv pov npav. 95 cov neeg siv txwv tsis pub siv.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com