Jim Clark, tus thawj coj ntawm quantum hardware ntawm Intel, nrog ib qho ntawm lub tuam txhab quantum processors. Yees duab; Intel
- Quantum computers yog ib qho kev siv tshuab zoo siab heev uas tuav cov lus cog tseg ntawm kev tsim cov peev txheej hauv computer uas muaj peev xwm los daws cov teeb meem yav dhau los.
- Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias IBM tau coj txoj hauv kev hauv quantum xam, uas yog vim li cas Google, Intel, Microsoft thiab cov tswv lag luam pib ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv nws cov cawv.
- Cov neeg lag luam tau nyiam rau quantum suav pib, suav nrog IonQ, ColdQuanta, D-Wave Systems thiab Rigetti, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev lag luam.
- Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov ntes: niaj hnub quantum computers feem ntau tsis muaj zog lossis txhim khu kev qha li niaj hnub supercomputers, thiab lawv kuj xav tau tshwj xeeb rau kev pib thiab khau raj.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis, IBM tau ua nthwv dej thaum nws tshaj tawm IBM Q System One, lub ntiaj teb thawj quantum computer muaj rau kev lag luam. Cov cuab yeej tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub iav sleek nrog lub ntim ntawm 9 cubic feet.
Qhov no yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb rau quantum computers, uas tseem nyob hauv cov chaw tshawb fawb. Raws li IBM, cov neeg yuav khoom twb tab tom nrhiav kom tau txais lawv txhais tes ntawm cov thev naus laus zis, uas qhia cov lus cog tseg hauv ntau qhov chaw: chemistry, cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, kev tsim khoom noj, aerospace, kev tsim tshuaj, kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab txawm tias kev hloov pauv huab cua.
IBM Q System Ib. Foto: IB
Yog vim li cas rau qhov kev zoo siab yog tias lub computer quantum muaj zoo li tej yam yees siv uas tso cai rau nws ua cov ntaub ntawv exponentially ntau dua li cov pa system. Lub tshuab computer quantum tsis yog lub khoos phis tawj nrawm nkaus xwb; qhov tseeb dua, nws yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev suav ua piv txwv uas yuav tsum tau rov xav dua.
Tus yeej hauv kev sib tw thev naus laus zis yuav yog lub tuam txhab uas siv sijhawm zoo los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis no. IBM, Microsoft, Google thiab lwm lub tuam txhab thev naus laus zis, nrog rau kev pib ua lag luam, tau twv txog cov thev naus laus zis no.
Kev Lag Luam Insider nug IBM Q Strategy thiab Ecosystem Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Bob Sutor txog yuav ua li cas kom cov tshuab no nkag tau rau tib neeg: Yuav ua li cas tib neeg nkag mus rau lawv? Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg tuaj yeem kawm siv quantum computers los ua lawv txoj haujlwm?
Muaj tsawg lub sijhawm pom quantum computers hauv chaw ua haujlwm sai sai. Cov kws tshaj lij peb tau hais kom ntseeg tau tias txawm tias muaj rau IBM, nws yuav yog lwm tsib mus rau kaum xyoo ua ntej quantum suav tau raug ntaus rau lub ntsiab. IBM Q System One tam sim no tsuas yog muaj raws li kev pabcuam huab huab los xaiv cov neeg siv khoom. Nws yuav yog qee lub sijhawm ua ntej tib neeg tuaj yeem yuav qee yam zoo li no thiab muab tso rau ua haujlwm rau lawv tus kheej lub hom phiaj.
Tseeb tiag, cov kws tshaj lij hais tias quantum computers qhia cov lus cog tseg zoo, tab sis lawv nyob deb ntawm ntau lawm. Lawv tsis yooj yim heev thiab xav tau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb los ua haujlwm. Ntxiv mus, quantum computers niaj hnub no tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab lossis muaj zog npaum li cov khoos phis tawj peb twb muaj lawm.
Jim Clark, tus thawj coj ntawm quantum hardware ntawm Intel, hais rau Business Insider hais tias "Peb ntseeg tias nyob rau li kaum xyoo, lub computer quantum yuav hloov koj lub neej lossis kuv li," - Qhov tseeb, tam sim no peb tsuas yog nyob hauv thawj mais ntawm marathon. Qhov ntawd tsis tau txhais hais tias peb tsis txhawj txog nws. "
Dab tsi yog quantum computer?
Bill Gates ib zaug hais tias kev ua lej tom qab quantum yog dhau qhov nws nkag siab, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus pom zoo.
Chris Monroe, CEO thiab co-founder ntawm IonQ, hais rau Business Insider, "Nws yog me ntsis kev xav tsis zoo tias quantum physics yog physics thiab nws nyuaj heev." "Dab tsi ua rau nws nkag siab tsis tau rau ntau tus neeg yog tias nws nkag siab tsis tau, tab sis nws yog qhov tsis nkag siab rau kuv li nws yog rau koj." Yog hais tias ib yam dab tsi tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv superposition, nws txhais tau hais tias nws tuaj yeem nyob hauv ob lub xeev tib lub sijhawm. Nws yog qhov txawv vim peb tsis tau ntsib qhov no hauv lub ntiaj teb tiag. "
Cov khoos phis tawj peb siv cov ntaub ntawv tso saib ua ib txoj hlua ntawm 1s lossis 0s hu ua binary code. Txawm li cas los xij, quantum computer tuaj yeem sawv cev cov ntaub ntawv li 1, 0, lossis, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, ob tus lej tib lub sijhawm.
Thaum lub kaw lus tuaj yeem nyob hauv ntau tshaj ib lub xeev tib lub sijhawm, nws yog hu ua "superposition," ib qho ntawm cov khoom zoo li kev siv quantum. Lwm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm no yog "kev cuam tshuam", uas yog cov cuab yeej quantum uas tso cai rau ob lub ntsiab lus txav mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo, txawm tias nyob deb npaum li cas lawv lub cev sib cais.
Raws li piav nyob rau hauv Scientific American, ob qhov zoo sib xyaw ua ke los tsim lub computer uas tuaj yeem ua cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua ib txhij ntawm txhua qhov system ntawm kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no.
Lub zog ntawm quantum computer yog ntsuas hauv qubits, qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ntsuas hauv quantum computer. Ib yam li cov khoos phis tawj niaj hnub no muaj 32-ntsis lossis 64-ntsis processors (kev ntsuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li cas lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav ib zaug), quantum computer nrog ntau qubits muaj zog ua haujlwm ntau dua.
Nyob rau hauv lub quantum computer. Foto: IB
Lub ntuj yog qhov txwv
Tag nrho qhov no txhais tau hais tias quantum computer tuaj yeem daws cov teeb meem uas yav dhau los txwv los ntawm kev suav lub zog.
Piv txwv li, lub computer quantum tuaj yeem daws teeb meem tus neeg muag khoom nto moo mus ncig, qhov teeb meem nyuaj uas yuav tsum tau nrhiav txoj hauv kev luv tshaj plaws ntawm ntau lub nroog ua ntej rov qab los tsev. Nws suab yooj yim, tab sis yog tias koj saib nws ua lej, nrhiav txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws yuav nyuaj dua thaum koj ntxiv ntau lub nroog rau nws txoj kev.
Ib yam li ntawd, lub khoos phis tawj quantum tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm cov teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws, siv sijhawm ntau, sifting los ntawm cov nyiaj txiag ntau, tshuaj, lossis cov ntaub ntawv huab cua los nrhiav kev daws teeb meem zoo. Tseeb, quantum startup D-Wave twb tau koom tes nrog Volkswagen los soj ntsuam cov qauv tsav tsheb thiab sift los ntawm loj npaum li cas ntawm cov suab nrov mus rau hauv qab ntawm tej yam.
Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev lag luam cryptography yog tham txog. Lub tshuab computer quantum muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo ntawm txoj kev encryption uas txawv los ntawm cov ntawv cipher yav dhau los, uas tso cai rau nws yooj yim decipher txawm lub xeev secrets. Muaj kev txaus siab los ntawm tsoomfwv thoob ntiaj teb hauv qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo no, thaum cov neeg tawm tsam ntshai tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm quantum suav tuaj yeem rhuav tshem kev ceev ntiag tug.
Physics teeb meem
"Vim tias kev suav quantum tseem nyob rau theem pib, muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv tseem tsis tau muaj pov thawj," Matthew Briss, tus lwm thawj ntawm R&D ntawm Gartner tau hais. "Tab sis cov neeg yuav khoom twb tab tom nrhiav cov ntawv thov los txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm kev sib tw quantum rau lawv cov lag luam," nws hais.
Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov hype, cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias quantum computers yog deb ntawm kev coj ua raws li PCs nyob rau xyoo 1950. Tau kawg, lawv tau txais lub zog, tab sis maj mam.
"Quantum suav tuaj yeem piv rau lub tsheb ciav hlau qeeb," Brian Hopkins, tus lwm thawj coj thiab tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm Forrester, hais rau Business Insider. "Yog hais tias nws txav ib nti ib ob, ces nyob rau hauv ib lub hlis nws yuav twb dhau ob nti ib ob." Tsis ntev nws yuav pib txav nrawm dua. "
Qhov teeb meem loj tam sim no yog tias quantum computer tsis tuaj yeem ua txhua yam uas lub computer classic tsis tuaj yeem ua. Kev lag luam tab tom tos ntsoov rau lub sijhawm hu ua quantum supremacy, thaum quantum computers yuav dhau mus dhau qhov kev txwv tam sim no.
"Thaum cov neeg siv khoom tuaj rau peb, qhov tseem ceeb uas lawv qhia peb yog lawv tsis quav ntsej tus qauv nws yog qhov ntev npaum li nws muaj txiaj ntsig rau lawv txoj kev lag luam," tus kws tshuaj ntsuam Briss hais. - Tsis muaj tus qauv uas tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua qub algorithms. Peb yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum quantum computer hardware pib txhim kho. "
IBM Kev Tshawb Fawb Tus khub Katie Pooley tshuaj xyuas cov cryostat uas pab quantum computers kom lawv qhov kub thiab txias. Yees duab: Andy Aaron, IBM
Qhov teeb meem loj tseem yog qhov tsis muaj kev suav lub zog. Nws tau xav tias quantum supremacy yuav xav tau lub computer nrog lub zog ntawm 50 qubits. Txawm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb no tau ua tiav hauv chav kuaj, nws tsis ruaj khov thiab tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa. Tseeb tiag, qubits tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua yuam kev thiab tsis ruaj khov, uas ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog lawv tiam thiab txo lawv lub peev xwm.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog cov khoom siv ntau dua. Quantum computers yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm lawv ib puag ncig kom ua haujlwm thiab xav tau qhov kub thiab txias heev. Txawm tias qhov kev vibrations me tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ua rau qubits tawg, ntuav tawm ntawm superposition, ib yam li ib tug me nyuam khob ntawm lub rooj ua rau cov nyiaj npib nplawm poob rau ntawm lub rooj.
Yav dhau los quantum khoos phis tawj, xws li IBM Q System One, yog qhov loj heev uas qhov tsim nyog cais thiab txias txias dhau los ua qhov kev sib tw tiag tiag. Exacerbating qhov teeb meem no yog qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog: superconducting cables thiab cov tub yees txias txias. Lawv nyob rau qhov tsis txaus.
Thaum kawg, qhov no txhais tau hais tias txawm hais tias kev paub tab tom txhim kho thiab thev naus laus zis nce qib, quantum suav tseem tsis tau ua tiav.
"Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem hauv kuv pab pawg ua haujlwm yog kev tswj cov khoom siv, silicon, hlau, kom peb tuaj yeem tsim ib puag ncig zoo ib yam," Intel's Clark tau hais. - Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws semiconductor technology. Cov thev naus laus zis peb xav tau los tsim quantum xam ntawm qhov ntsuas tseem tsis tau muaj. "
Lwm qhov teeb meem yog tias quantum computers muaj lub peev xwm tsis lees paub los muab kev suav tsis tau pom dua. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ntau tus neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb no uas tau muaj kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm lossis kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab no, thiab cov neeg yuav khoom muaj peev xwm txaus siab los sim seb yuav siv nws li cas.
Lub Great Quantum haiv neeg
Cov kws tshuaj ntsuam hais tias tam sim no IBM tab tom ua tus thawj coj kev sib tw quantum suav ua tsaug rau qhov muaj kev lag luam tsawg ntawm IBM Q System One. Vim tias nws nkag tau los ntawm huab, IBM tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb no kom lub computer quantum no ua haujlwm thaum tseem tso cai rau cov neeg siv khoom xaiv.
"Kuv xav tias [IBM's quantum computer] yog rocking," tus kws tshuaj ntsuam Briss hais. "Kuv xav tias quantum xam raws li tus qauv kev pabcuam yog tus qauv zoo." Los ntawm muab tso rau hauv lub thawv thiab kho nws tshwj xeeb, lawv tau sim ua kom nws zoo dua qub. "
IBM's Sarah Sheldon thiab Pat Gumann tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm lub tub yees dissolution uas txias quantum computers. Foto: IB
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshuaj ntsuam nco ntsoov tias ib qho ntawm cov neeg ua si hauv kev ua lag luam no tuaj yeem muaj kev sib tw txhua lub sijhawm uas yuav tso cai rau nws mus ua ntej, thiab qhov no tseem yog qhov tsim nyog kev sib tw.
Txawv IT giants mus txog qhov teeb meem no txawv. Intel, IBM, Google thiab quantum xam startup Rigetti yog lub tsev systems raws li superconducting circuits, powered by state-of-the-art supercomputers.
tab tom noj qhov sib txawv kiag li thiab tej zaum yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua hauv kev sim ua kom zoo dua qubit. Lub topological qubit uas Microsoft tab tom sim tsim cov fragments electrons khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntau qhov chaw ib zaug, ua rau nws ruaj khov thiab tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj. Nws tsis muaj zog dua li qhov nws cov neeg sib tw tab tom sim tsim, tab sis qhov tshwm sim yuav yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau pem hauv ntej rau tag nrho cov teb ntawm quantum xam, kws tshuaj ntsuam Hopkins tau hais.
Hopkins tau hais tias "Lawv nyob hauv kev twv txiaj thiab ntau tus neeg xav tias lawv yuav tsis ua tiav," Hopkins tau hais.
Ntawm qhov kev lom zem ntau dua, kev pib ua lag luam zoo li IonQ thiab D-Wave tau twv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis zoo li ion ntxiab thiab quantum annealing. Yooj yim muab tso, lawv tab tom sim ntau txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav kev ua tau zoo dua thiab ruaj khov ntawm txhua qubit, siv txoj hauv kev tshiab kiag li.
"Qhov no tso cai rau peb los tsim ib lub computer quantum uas daws cov teeb meem nyuaj thiab txuas ntxiv mus ua qhov ntawd," Mark Johnson, tus lwm thawj ntawm processor thiab quantum khoom tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm D-Wave, hais rau Business Insider.
Tus kws tshawb fawb IBM quantum taug kev los ntawm IBM Q Computing Center ntawm Thomas J. Watson Research Center hauv Yorktown Heights, New York. Yees duab: Connie Zhou rau IBM
Quantum startups
Kev nce hauv quantum suav tau ua rau cov neeg ua lag luam txaus siab rau kev pib ua lag luam. IBM's Robert Sutor kwv yees muaj txog 100 quantum software, kho vajtse thiab txawm tias kev sab laj pib thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov no me me piv rau cov lag luam pib loj, tab sis loj dua ua ntej.
"Kuv tau nyob hauv qhov chaw no ntev heev, txij thaum pib," said IonQ's Monroe. - Rau ib lub sij hawm ntev nws nyob rau hauv nws cov me nyuam mos, txog 5-8 xyoo dhau los nws tau nyiam thiab nyiam kev nqis peev loj. Nws tau pom tseeb tias lub sijhawm tau los. "
Chris Monroe, CEO thiab co-founder ntawm quantum xam startup IonQ. Yees duab: IonQ
Qee tus, zoo li Rigetti, npaj txhij mus ntiv taw-rau-ntiv taw nrog tech titans nrog lawv tus kheej quantum chips thiab sophisticated quantum xam systems.
"Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm peb txoj kev lag luam," Betsy Masiello, tus lwm thawj ntawm cov khoom ntawm Rigetti, hais rau Business Insider. - Muaj ntau lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv quantum qhov chaw uas ua hauj lwm rau software siv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm quantum xam. Peb tsim microchips thiab tsim cov tshuab computer. "
Matthew Kinsella, tus thawj coj ntawm Maverick Ventures, hais tias nws yog bullish ntawm quantum xam teb. Nws lub tuam txhab tau mus kom deb li deb mus nqis peev hauv ColdQuanta, lub tuam txhab ua cov cuab yeej siv hauv quantum systems. Nws cia siab tias quantum computers yuav ua tau zoo dua niaj hnub no hauv lub sijhawm tsib txog XNUMX xyoo. Maverick Ventures yog thawj koom ruam rau lub sijhawm ntev.
"Kuv ntseeg tiag tiag hauv quantum suav, txawm hais tias nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua li qhov xav tau ua ntej quantum computer yuav zoo dua li lub khoos phis tawj ib txwm siv los daws teeb meem txhua hnub. Peb yuav pom cov txiaj ntsig ntawm quantum computers hauv kev daws teeb meem me me hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, "Kinsella tau hais.
D-Wave's 2000Q Systems Laboratories. Yees duab: D-Wave
Kinsella, zoo li cov kws tshuaj ntsuam peb tau hais rau, tab tom xav txog qhov hu ua "quantum winter." Tej zaum yuav muaj hype nyob ib ncig ntawm quantum computers, tab sis tib neeg tau txais lawv txoj kev cia siab, cov kws tshaj lij ceeb toom. Cov tshuab tseem tsis tau zoo tag nrho, thiab nws yuav yog xyoo ua ntej cov tub ua lag luam pom cov txiaj ntsig.
Hauv kev xav
Txawm tias dhau ntawm quantum supremacy, cov kws tshaj lij qhia peb tias tseem muaj qhov chaw rau cov computers thiab supercomputers. Txog thaum ntawd, tseem muaj nqi, qhov loj me, kev ntseeg siab, thiab cov teeb meem kev siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ua ntej peb tuaj yeem tham txog nws.
"Peb yuav tsum ua pa," tus kws tshuaj ntsuam Briss hais. "Muaj ntau yam zoo siab tshwm sim hauv cheeb tsam no uas siv sijhawm ntev." Nws yog ib tug conglomerate ntawm physics, computer science thiab, frankly, scientific tsom xam. Peb yuav tsis tau kawm qhov no yog tias peb paub tag nrho cov lus teb, tab sis muaj ntau txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb ua ntej. "
Rigetti quantum computer. Yees duab: Rigetti
Txawm li cas los xij, rau ntau tus paub meej tias qhov no yog yav tom ntej. Ib yam li cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm thawj lub khoos phis tawj mainframe tsis paub tias qhov no thaum kawg yuav ua rau ntau lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Lub computer quantum tuaj yeem yog thawj kauj ruam ntawm txoj hauv kev tshiab.
Ob peb, zoo li Microsoft VP ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Lag Luam Todd Holmdahl, muaj kev cia siab txaus los hais tias nws yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li kev txawj ntse thiab kev kawm tshuab niaj hnub no. Nws tau hais rau nws cov menyuam tias lawv yuav tsum ua qhov lawv mob siab rau thiab hais tias lawv tuaj yeem tau txais ib txoj haujlwm hauv kev txawj ntse. Tam sim no nws yuav hais tib yam txog quantum xam.
βNov yog thaj chaw uas yuav txhim kho. Peb xav tau cov neeg los sau nws thiab khaws nws kom tsis txhob qhuav, "Holmdahl hais. "Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb tiam neeg, muab sijhawm rau peb los tsim tej yam zoo kawg nkaus rau yav tom ntej."
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com