Raws li lub tsheb txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev hloov pauv ntawm hardware-driven mus rau software-driven, cov cai ntawm kev sib tw hauv kev lag luam tsheb tau hloov pauv ntau.
Lub cav yog cov thev naus laus zis thiab engineering tseem ceeb ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tsheb. Niaj hnub no, lub luag haujlwm no tau nce ntxiv los ntawm software, ntau dua kev suav lub zog thiab cov sensors siab heev; feem ntau cov kev tsim kho tshiab suav nrog tag nrho cov no. Txhua yam nyob ntawm cov khoom no, los ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tsheb, lawv nkag mus rau hauv Is Taws Nem thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsav tsheb, mus rau hluav taws xob thiab cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab software ua qhov tseem ceeb dua, lawv theem ntawm kev nyuaj kuj nce ntxiv. Ua piv txwv qhov loj ntawm cov kab code (SLOC) muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsheb niaj hnub. Xyoo 2010, qee lub tsheb muaj kwv yees li kaum lab SLOCs; los ntawm 2016, daim duab no tau nce 15 npaug rau kwv yees li 150 lab kab ntawm txoj cai. Avalanche-zoo li complexity ua rau muaj teeb meem loj nrog software zoo, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm ntau cov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov tsheb tshiab.
Cov tsheb muaj kev nce qib ntawm kev ywj pheej. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam automotive xav txog qhov zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm software thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li cov kev cai tseem ceeb los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm tib neeg. Kev lag luam automotive yuav tsum rov xav txog cov txheej txheem niaj hnub rau software thiab hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob architecture.
Kev daws teeb meem kev lag luam nyuaj
Raws li kev lag luam automotive txav los ntawm cov khoom siv-tsav mus rau cov khoom siv software-tsav, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov software thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsheb tau nce sai. Niaj hnub no, software ua rau 10% ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub tsheb rau D ntu lossis lub tsheb loj (kwv yees $ 1220). Qhov nruab nrab feem ntawm software yuav tsum loj hlob los ntawm 11%. Nws tau kwv yees tias los ntawm 2030 software yuav suav txog 30% ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tsheb (kwv yees $ 5200). Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov tib neeg koom nrog qee theem ntawm kev txhim kho tsheb tau sim kom tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab uas siv software thiab hluav taws xob.
Cov tuam txhab software thiab lwm cov neeg ua si digital tsis xav tso tseg. Lawv tab tom sim nyiam cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam ua cov khoom lag luam thib ib. Cov tuam txhab lag luam tau nthuav dav lawv txoj kev koom tes hauv kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis los ntawm kev txav los ntawm cov yam ntxwv thiab kev siv mus rau kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tuam txhab tau siv los ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob tau ua siab tawv nkag mus rau thaj tsam ntawm cov thev naus laus zis thiab kev siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab thev naus laus zis. Cov tuam txhab tsheb hwm tau nce mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab tsim lawv tus kheej kev ua haujlwm, kho vajtse abstractions thiab teeb liab ua kom lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb hauv cov xwm txheej.
Muaj qhov tshwm sim rau cov tswv yim saum toj no. Lub neej yav tom ntej yuav pom kev pabcuam tsheb-taw qhia txog kev tsim qauv (SOA) raws li kev siv computer sib xws. Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav ntxiv ntau yam tshiab: cov kev daws teeb meem hauv kev siv Internet, kev siv, , advanced analytics thiab operating systems. Qhov sib txawv yuav tsis nyob hauv lub tsheb cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv interface thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas nrog software thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab heev.
Cov tsheb ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej yuav txav mus rau lub platform ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshiab kev sib tw zoo.
Cov no yuav muaj xws li infotainment innovations, thiab ntse nta kev nyab xeeb raws li "fail-safe" tus cwj pwm (piv txwv li, lub kaw lus muaj peev xwm ua tau nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb txawm tias ib feem ntawm nws ua tsis tiav). Software yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv cov pawg digital kom dhau los ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv kho vajtse raws li kev siv cov ntse sensors. Stacks yuav dhau los ua kab rov tav kev sib xyaw thiab yuav tau txais cov txheej txheem tshiab uas yuav txav cov architecture mus rau SOA.
Kev zam tiam sis hloov cov cai ntawm kev ua si. Lawv cuam tshuam software thiab electronic architecture. Cov qauv no ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis. Piv txwv li, tshiab ntse sensors thiab daim ntawv thov yuav tsim . Yog tias cov tuam txhab tsheb xav kom muaj kev sib tw, lawv yuav tsum tau ua thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv zoo. Modular SOA hloov tshiab thiab tshaj huab cua (OTA) hloov tshiab yuav dhau los ua cov cai tseem ceeb los txhawb cov software nyuaj hauv cov nkoj. Lawv kuj tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv cov qauv kev lag luam tshiab uas cov yam ntxwv tshwm sim ntawm kev thov. Yuav muaj kev siv ntau ntxiv ntawm cov infotainment systems thiab, txawm tias tsawg dua, nce qib . Yog vim li cas yog tias muaj ntau thiab ntau tus neeg sab nrauv app developers uas muab cov khoom rau tsheb.
Vim yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev ruaj ntseg digital, lub tswv yim ntawm kev tswj xyuas kev nkag mus tau zoo tsis txaus siab. Nws yog lub sijhawm hloov mus rau , tsim los kwv yees, tiv thaiv, ntes, thiab tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam cyber. Raws li kev tsav tsheb tsis zoo (HAD) muaj peev xwm tshwm sim, peb yuav xav tau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev siv lub zog zoo dua, thiab qib siab ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.
Tshawb xyuas kaum qhov kev xav txog yav tom ntej hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob architecture
Txoj kev txhim kho rau ob qho tib si thev naus laus zis thiab cov qauv kev lag luam tseem tsis tau txhais meej meej. Tab sis raws li peb cov kev tshawb fawb dav dav thiab cov kws tshaj lij kev xav, peb tau tsim kaum qhov kev xav txog lub neej yav tom ntej hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob tsheb architecture thiab nws qhov cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam.
Consolidation ntawm electronic control units (ECU) yuav dhau los ua ntau
Hloov chaw ntawm ntau lub ECU tshwj xeeb rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb (raws li tam sim no "ntxiv cov haujlwm, ntxiv lub qhov rais" style), kev lag luam yuav txav mus rau lub tsheb sib koom ua ke ECU architecture.
Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, feem ntau ntawm cov functionality yuav tsom mus rau federated domain controllers. Rau cov tsheb tseem ceeb, lawv yuav hloov qee qhov kev ua haujlwm tam sim no muaj nyob hauv ECUs. Kev txhim kho twb tab tom ua. Peb cia siab tias cov khoom tiav ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv ob mus rau peb xyoos. Kev sib sau ua ke feem ntau yuav tshwm sim hauv cov pawg cuam tshuam nrog ADAS thiab HAD kev ua haujlwm, thaum lub tsheb yooj yim dua tuaj yeem khaws cov qib siab dua ntawm kev faib tawm.
Peb tab tom txav mus rau kev tsav tsheb autonomous. Yog li ntawd, virtualization ntawm software functions thiab abstraction ntawm hardware yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Txoj hauv kev tshiab no tuaj yeem siv tau ntau txoj hauv kev. Nws muaj peev xwm muab cov khoom siv sib txuas rau hauv cov pawg uas ua tau raws li qhov sib txawv latency thiab kev ntseeg tau. Ib qho piv txwv yuav yog pawg ua haujlwm siab uas txhawb nqa HAD thiab ADAS kev ua haujlwm, thiab cais qis-latency, lub sijhawm-tsav pawg rau kev ruaj ntseg tseem ceeb. Los yog koj tuaj yeem hloov ECU nrog ib qho "supercomputer" thaub qab. Lwm qhov tshwm sim yog thaum peb tso tseg lub tswv yim ntawm chav tswj hwm kom pom zoo ntawm lub khoos phis tawj ntse.
Cov kev hloov pauv feem ntau yog los ntawm peb yam: cov nqi, cov neeg lag luam tshiab thiab kev thov rau HAD. Txo tus nqi ntawm kev txhim kho feature thiab cov cuab yeej siv computer uas yuav tsum tau ua, suav nrog cov khoom siv sib txuas lus, yuav ua kom cov txheej txheem sib sau ua ke. Tib yam tuaj yeem hais rau cov neeg tshiab nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb uas yuav cuam tshuam kev lag luam nrog software-centric mus kom ze rau tsheb architecture. Qhov kev thov nce ntxiv rau HAD functionality thiab redundancy kuj yuav xav tau ntau dua ntawm ECU consolidation.
Qee cov tuam txhab tsim hluav taws xob hwm thiab lawv cov neeg muag khoom tau koom nrog hauv ECU kev koom ua ke. Lawv tab tom ua thawj kauj ruam los hloov kho lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, txawm hais tias tam sim no tseem tsis tau muaj qauv tsim.
Kev lag luam yuav txwv tus naj npawb ntawm pawg siv rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb
Consolidation txhawb normalizes pawg txwv. Nws yuav cais cov haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb thiab ECU kho vajtse, uas suav nrog kev siv virtualization. Lub hardware thiab firmware (xws li lub operating system) yuav nyob ntawm seb cov kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb es tsis yog ib feem ntawm lub tsheb ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev sib cais thiab kev pabcuam-oriented architecture, tus naj npawb ntawm pawg yuav tsum raug txwv. Hauv qab no yog cov pawg uas tuaj yeem tsim lub hauv paus rau cov tiam tom ntej ntawm lub tsheb hauv 5-10 xyoo:
- Lub sijhawm tsav tsheb. Nyob rau hauv no domain, tus maub los yog txuas ncaj qha mus rau lub sensor lossis actuator, thaum lub tshuab yuav tsum txhawb nqa cov kev xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag thaum tswj hwm qis latency; Kev teem sijhawm ntawm cov peev txheej yog raws sijhawm. Cov pawg no suav nrog cov tshuab uas ua tiav qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev nyab xeeb tsheb. Ib qho piv txwv yog qhov classic Automotive Open Systems Architecture (AUTOSAR) sau.
- Lub sijhawm thiab qhov xwm txheej tau tsav pawg. Cov pawg hybrid no suav nrog cov ntawv thov kev nyab xeeb siab nrog kev txhawb nqa rau ADAS thiab HAD, piv txwv li. Cov ntawv thov thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib cais los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thaum cov ntawv thov raug teem sijhawm. Hauv ib daim ntawv thov, kev teem caij peev txheej tuaj yeem ua raws li lub sijhawm lossis qhov tseem ceeb. Kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv lub hom phiaj khiav hauv cov thawv cais, cais cov ntawv thov no los ntawm lwm cov ntawv thov hauv lub tsheb. Ib qho piv txwv zoo yog hloov kho AUTOSAR.
- Txheej xwm tsav tsheb. Cov pawg no tsom mus rau infotainment system, uas tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Cov ntawv thov raug txiav kom meej meej los ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud, thiab cov peev txheej tau teem sijhawm siv qhov kev pom zoo lossis kev tshwm sim raws sijhawm. Cov pawg muaj cov haujlwm pom thiab nquag siv: Android, Automotive Qib Linux, GENIVI thiab QNX. Cov yam ntxwv no tso cai rau tus neeg siv cuam tshuam nrog lub tsheb.
- Huab pawg. Cov pawg kawg npog cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus thiab tswj nws thiab lub tsheb ua haujlwm sab nraud. Cov pawg no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib txuas lus, nrog rau daim ntawv thov kev pov thawj kev nyab xeeb (kev lees paub tseeb) thiab tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm tsheb tshwj xeeb, suav nrog cov chaw taws teeb kuaj mob.
Cov neeg muag khoom tsheb thiab cov tuam txhab thev naus laus zis tau pib tshwj xeeb hauv qee qhov ntawm cov pawg no. Ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb yog infotainment system (txheej xwm-tsav pawg), uas cov tuam txhab tsim kev sib txuas lus muaj peev xwm - 3D thiab kev taw qhia siab heev. Qhov piv txwv thib ob yog kev txawj ntse txawj ntse thiab kev paub rau cov ntawv thov kev ua haujlwm siab, qhov twg cov neeg muag khoom tau koom tes nrog cov kws tsim tsheb tseem ceeb los tsim cov khoos phis tawj.
Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm-driven domain, AUTOSAR thiab JASPAR txhawb tus qauv ntawm cov pawg no.
Middleware yuav abstract applications los ntawm hardware
Raws li cov tsheb txuas ntxiv hloov mus rau lub khoos phis tawj ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, cov khoom nruab nrab yuav tso cai rau cov tsheb rov qab thiab lawv cov software nruab thiab kho tshiab. Niaj hnub no, cov khoom nruab nrab hauv txhua ECU txhawb kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov khoom siv. Nyob rau tiam tom ntej ntawm lub tsheb, nws yuav txuas tus tswj hwm tus kheej rau cov haujlwm nkag. Siv cov khoom siv ECU hauv lub tsheb, cov khoom nruab nrab yuav muab kev paub daws teeb meem, virtualization, SOA thiab kev faib xam.
Twb muaj pov thawj tias kev lag luam tsheb tau hloov mus rau kev hloov pauv ntau dua, suav nrog cov khoom nruab nrab. Piv txwv li, AUTOSAR adaptive platform yog lub zog muaj zog uas suav nrog cov khoom nruab nrab, kev txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, thiab niaj hnub multi-core microprocessors. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txhim kho muaj nyob rau tam sim no tsuas yog ib qho ECU xwb.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub sij hawm, tus naj npawb ntawm onboard sensors yuav nce ho
Hauv ob mus rau peb tiam tom ntej ntawm lub tsheb, automakers yuav nruab sensors nrog cov haujlwm zoo sib xws los xyuas kom meej tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg tshwj xeeb txaus.
Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev, kev lag luam automotive yuav tsim cov kev daws teeb meem siab rau kev txo lawv cov naj npawb thiab cov nqi. Peb ntseeg tias kev sib txuas ntawm radar thiab lub koob yees duab yuav yog qhov kev daws teeb meem nrov tshaj plaws hauv tsib mus rau yim xyoo tom ntej. Raws li kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj peev xwm txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, kev qhia txog lidars yuav tsim nyog. Lawv yuav muab redundancy ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov khoom tsom xam thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm localization. Piv txwv li, ib qho SAE International L4 (siab automation) autonomous tsav configuration yuav pib yuav xav tau plaub mus rau tsib lidar sensors, nrog rau cov mounted nyob rau hauv lub rear rau lub nroog navigation thiab ze li ntawm 360-degree visibility.
Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau hais dab tsi txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov sensors hauv tsheb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev. Lawv tus lej yuav nce, txo qis, lossis nyob twj ywm tib yam. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm cov kev cai, kev loj hlob ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem thiab lub peev xwm los siv ntau lub sensors hauv ntau qhov sib txawv. Cov kev cai tswj hwm tuaj yeem, piv txwv li, nce kev saib xyuas tus neeg tsav tsheb, ua rau muaj ntau lub sensors hauv lub tsheb. Peb tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav pom ntau tus neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv hauv lub tsheb sab hauv. Lub suab sensors, kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv (lub plawv dhia thiab tsaug zog), kev paub lub ntsej muag thiab iris tsuas yog qee qhov siv tau. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov sensors lossis txawm tias khaws cov khoom zoo ib yam, yuav tsum muaj ntau yam khoom siv, tsis yog hauv cov sensors lawv tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv lub tsheb network. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua los txo cov naj npawb ntawm cov sensors. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsheb loj heev los yog tag nrho automated tsheb, cov algorithms siab heev thiab kev kawm tshuab tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab. Ua tsaug rau ntau lub zog thiab muaj peev xwm sensor thev naus laus zis, cov sensors tsis tsim nyog yuav tsis xav tau ntxiv lawm. Cov sensors siv niaj hnub no yuav dhau los ua tsis tau siv - ntau lub zog sensors yuav tshwm sim (piv txwv li, tsis yog lub koob yees duab chaw nres tsheb lossis lidar, ultrasonic sensors yuav tshwm sim).
Sensors yuav ntse dua
System architectures yuav xav tau kev txawj ntse thiab kev sib koom ua ke los tswj cov ntaub ntawv ntau heev uas xav tau rau kev tsav tsheb loj heev. High-level functions xws li sensor fusion thiab XNUMXD positioning yuav khiav ntawm centralized xam platforms. Lub preprocessing, filtering, thiab ceev teb loops yuav zoo li nyob rau ntawm ntug los yog ua nyob rau hauv lub sensor nws tus kheej. Ib qho kev kwv yees tso tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib lub tsheb autonomous yuav tsim txhua teev ntawm plaub terabytes. Yog li ntawd, AI yuav txav los ntawm ECU mus rau lub sensors los ua cov txheej txheem ua ntej. Nws yuav tsum tsis tshua muaj latency thiab kev ua haujlwm qis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj sib piv cov nqi ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv hauv sensors thiab tus nqi xa cov ntaub ntawv ntau hauv lub tsheb. Kev rov ua dua ntawm txoj kev txiav txim siab hauv HAD yuav, txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom ua ke rau kev suav hauv nruab nrab. Feem ntau, cov kev suav no yuav raug xam raws li cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej ua ntej. Cov sensors ntse yuav saib xyuas lawv tus kheej lub luag haujlwm, thaum sensor redundancy yuav txhim kho kev ntseeg siab, muaj, thiab yog li kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub sensor network. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm txhua qhov xwm txheej, kev siv tshuaj ntxuav tes xws li deicers thiab plua plav thiab av tshem tawm yuav tsum tau ua.
Lub zog tag nrho thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis tu ncua yuav xav tau
Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb thiab kev nyab xeeb-tseem ceeb uas xav tau kev ntseeg siab yuav siv tag nrho cov voj voog rov qab rau txhua yam uas xav tau rau kev nyab xeeb maneuvering (cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas lus, lub zog). , hauv nruab nrab cov khoos phis tawj thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas xav tau kev sib koom ua ke yuav xav tau cov kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob tshiab tshiab. Lub tshuab ua tsis raug cai uas txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm thiab lwm yam haujlwm HAD yuav xav tau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem rov ua dua. Qhov no yuav ua tau zoo txhim khu kev qha architecture ntawm niaj hnub txhaum-tolerant saib xyuas kev siv.
"Automotive Ethernet" yuav sawv los ua tus txha nraub qaum ntawm lub tsheb
Niaj hnub no automotive networks tsis txaus los ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev thauj mus los yav tom ntej. Cov ntaub ntawv nce ntxiv, qhov yuav tsum tau rov ua dua rau HADs, kev xav tau kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev tiv thaiv hauv ib puag ncig kev sib txuas, thiab kev xav tau ntawm cov txheej txheem kev lag luam hla yuav ua rau muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm tsheb Ethernet. Nws yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv cov tsheb npav. Ethernet cov kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum tau muab kev sib txuas lus txhim khu kev qha ntawm cov thawj coj thiab ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm. Qhov no yuav ua tau ua tsaug rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm Ethernet extensions xws li Audio Video Bridging (AVB) thiab lub sij hawm-sensitive networks (TSN). Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev lag luam thiab OPEN Alliance txhawb nqa kev siv Ethernet thev naus laus zis. Ntau lub tuam txhab tsim tsheb tau dhau los ua cov kauj ruam loj no.
Cov kev sib txuas ib txwm siv xws li kev sib txuas hauv zos hauv zos thiab cov chaw tswj xyuas yuav txuas ntxiv siv rau hauv lub tsheb, tab sis tsuas yog kaw cov tes hauj lwm qis xws li sensors. Cov thev naus laus zis xws li FlexRay thiab feem ntau yuav zoo li yuav raug hloov los ntawm automotive Ethernet thiab nws txuas ntxiv AVB thiab TSN.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, peb cia siab tias kev lag luam tsheb kuj tseem yuav siv lwm yam Ethernet technologies - HDBP (cov khoom lag luam siab qeeb bandwidth) thiab 10-Gigabit technologies.
OEMs yuav ib txwm muaj kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab HAD, tab sis lawv yuav qhib kev sib tshuam kom tso cai rau cov neeg thib peb nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv
Central kev sib txuas lus rooj vag uas xa thiab tau txais kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yuav ib txwm txuas ncaj qha mus rau OEM backend. Kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv yuav qhib rau cov neeg thib peb thaum qhov no tsis txwv los ntawm cov cai. Infotainment yog "kev txuas" rau lub tsheb. Hauv cheeb tsam no, cov kev sib tham qhib tshiab yuav tso cai rau cov neeg muab kev pabcuam thiab cov ntawv thov xa lawv cov khoom thaum OEMs ua raws li cov qauv raws li qhov lawv ua tau.
Niaj hnub no lub chaw kuaj mob on-board yuav raug hloov los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm telematics daws teeb meem. Kev saib xyuas kev nkag mus rau lub tsheb network yuav tsis tas yuav tsum tau, tab sis yuav tuaj yeem ntws los ntawm OEM backends. OEMs yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv chaw nres nkoj nyob tom qab ntawm lub tsheb rau qee qhov kev siv (kev taug qab tsheb raug nyiag lossis kev pov hwm tus kheej). Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv tom qab kev lag luam yuav muaj tsawg dua thiab tsawg dua nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv sab hauv.
Cov neeg tsav nkoj loj yuav ua lub luag haujlwm ntau dua hauv cov neeg siv kev paub thiab tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg. Lawv yuav muaj peev xwm muab cov tsheb sib txawv rau cov hom phiaj sib txawv hauv tib qhov kev tso npe (piv txwv li, rau kev mus ncig txhua hnub lossis hnub so so). Lawv yuav tsum tau siv ntau OEM backends thiab sib sau cov ntaub ntawv hla lawv cov nkoj. Cov ntaub ntawv loj yuav tom qab ntawd tso cai rau cov neeg tsav nkoj mus rau cov ntaub ntawv sib sau ua ke thiab kev tshuaj xyuas tsis muaj nyob rau qib OEM.
Cov tsheb yuav siv cov kev pabcuam huab los sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub nkoj nrog cov ntaub ntawv sab nraud
Cov ntaub ntawv "Tsis-sensitive" (uas yog, cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog tus kheej lossis kev ruaj ntseg) yuav nce ntxiv hauv huab kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv. Qhov muaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no sab nraud ntawm OEM yuav nyob ntawm cov kev cai lij choj thiab kev tswj hwm yav tom ntej. Raws li ntim loj hlob . Analytics yuav tsum tau ua cov ntaub ntawv thiab rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Peb tau cog lus rau kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj zog thiab lwm yam kev tsim kho digital. Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo yuav nyob ntawm kev sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau tus neeg ua lag luam. Nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias leej twg yuav ua qhov no thiab yuav ua li cas. Txawm li cas los xij, cov chaw tsim khoom tsheb loj thiab cov tuam txhab thev naus laus zis twb tau tsim cov tsheb sib xyaw ua ke uas tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab no.
Upgradable Cheebtsam yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tsheb uas yuav txhawb nqa kev sib txuas lus ob txoj kev
On-board test systems yuav tso cai rau cov tsheb tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas qhov hloov tshiab. Peb yuav muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub neej voj voog ntawm lub tsheb thiab nws txoj haujlwm. Txhua ECUs yuav xa thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov sensors thiab actuators, khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav raug siv los tsim kev tsim kho tshiab. Ib qho piv txwv yuav tsim ib txoj kev raws li lub tsheb tsis.
OTA hloov tshiab muaj peev xwm yog qhov yuav tsum tau rau HAD. Nrog rau cov thev naus laus zis no, peb yuav muaj cov yam ntxwv tshiab, cybersecurity, thiab kev xa tawm sai dua ntawm cov yam ntxwv thiab software. Qhov tseeb, OTA hloov tshiab muaj peev xwm yog lub zog tsav tom qab ntau qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau piav qhia saum toj no. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub peev xwm no tseem xav tau kev daws teeb meem kev nyab xeeb ntawm txhua theem ntawm pawg - ob qho tib si sab nraum lub tsheb thiab hauv ECU. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no tseem tsis tau tsim. Nws yuav nthuav kom pom leej twg yuav ua thiab yuav ua li cas.
Lub tsheb hloov tshiab puas tuaj yeem ntsia tau zoo li ntawm lub xov tooj smartphone? Kev lag luam yuav tsum tau kov yeej cov kev txwv hauv kev cog lus ntawm cov neeg muag khoom, cov kev cai tswj hwm, thiab kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ceev ntiag tug. Ntau lub tuam txhab tsim tsheb tau tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm nthuav tawm OTA cov kev pabcuam, suav nrog kev hloov pauv huab cua rau lawv lub tsheb.
OEMs yuav ua qauv rau lawv cov nkoj hauv OTA platforms, ua haujlwm ze nrog cov chaw muab kev pabcuam hauv cheeb tsam no. Kev sib txuas hauv tsheb thiab OTA platforms yuav sai sai no tseem ceeb heev. OEMs nkag siab qhov no thiab tab tom nrhiav kom tau txais tswv cuab ntxiv hauv ntu kev lag luam no.
Cov tsheb yuav tau txais software, feature thiab kev ruaj ntseg hloov tshiab rau lawv lub neej tsim. Cov cai tswj hwm yuav muaj peev xwm muab kev saib xyuas software kom ntseeg tau tias kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub tsheb tsim. Qhov yuav tsum tau hloov kho thiab tswj software yuav ua rau cov qauv kev lag luam tshiab rau kev kho tsheb thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Kev ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam yav tom ntej ntawm Automotive Software thiab Electronic Architecture
Txoj kev cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam tsheb yog tsim kom muaj teeb meem loj txog kev kho vajtse. Txawm li cas los xij, yav tom ntej ntawm software thiab hluav taws xob architecture zoo li pheej hmoo. Txhua qhov muaj peev xwm qhib rau kev lag luam: automakers tuaj yeem tsim cov koom haum kev lag luam los ua qauv tsheb tsim qauv, cov neeg loj heev tuaj yeem siv rau hauv huab cua platforms, cov neeg tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tsim lawv tus kheej lub tsheb lossis tsim cov tsheb sib tw nrog qhib qhov chaws thiab nta software, automakers tuaj yeem qhia nce sophisticated autonomous tsheb nrog Internet txuas.
Cov khoom yuav sai sai no tsis yog hardware-centric. Lawv yuav yog software oriented. Qhov kev hloov pauv no yuav nyuaj rau cov tuam txhab tsheb uas tau siv los tsim cov tsheb ib txwm muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, muab cov qauv thiab cov kev hloov pauv tau piav qhia, txawm tias cov tuam txhab me me yuav tsis muaj kev xaiv. Lawv yuav tau npaj.
Peb pom ob peb lub tswv yim tseem ceeb:
- Cais lub voj voog kev txhim kho tsheb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb. OEMs thiab Tier XNUMX cov neeg muag khoom yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb lawv yuav tsim kho, muab thiab xa tawm li cas. Lawv yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm lub voj voog kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsheb, ob qho tib si los ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev pom zoo. Muab cov kev tsim kho tsheb tam sim no, cov tuam txhab yuav tsum nrhiav txoj hauv kev los tswj software innovation. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum xav txog cov kev xaiv rau kev hloov kho dua tshiab thiab hloov kho tshiab (xws li cov lej suav) rau cov nkoj uas twb muaj lawm.
- Txhais lub hom phiaj ntxiv tus nqi rau kev txhim kho software thiab electronics. OEMs yuav tsum txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv sib txawv uas lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv ntsuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub meej lub hom phiaj ntxiv tus nqi rau lawv tus kheej software thiab electronics kev tsim kho. Koj yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas thaj chaw uas cov khoom yuav xav tau thiab cov ncauj lus uas yuav tsum tau tham nrog tus neeg muag khoom lossis tus khub.
- Teem tus nqi meej rau software. Txhawm rau decouple software los ntawm kho vajtse, OEMs yuav tsum rov xav txog cov txheej txheem sab hauv thiab cov txheej txheem los yuav software ncaj qha. Ntxiv nrog rau kev hloov kho ib txwm muaj, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam seb txoj hauv kev yooj yim rau kev txhim kho software tuaj yeem khi rau hauv cov txheej txheem yuav khoom. Qhov no yog qhov chaw muag khoom (tier one, tier two and tier three) kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb vim lawv yuav tsum tau muab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam meej rau lawv cov software thiab cov txheej txheem muab kom lawv tuaj yeem ntes tau ntau dua ntawm cov nyiaj tau los.
- Tsim ib lub koom haum tshwj xeeb kos duab rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab (nrog rau cov backends). Kev lag luam tsheb yuav tsum hloov cov txheej txheem sab hauv kom xa thiab muag cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab software siab heev. Lawv kuj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txog kev teeb tsa sib txawv rau cov ncauj lus hauv tsheb ntsig txog hluav taws xob. Yeej, qhov tshiab "layered" architecture yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev teeb tsa tam sim no "nce" thiab kev qhia txog cov koom haum tshiab "kab rov tav". Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum tau nthuav dav kev muaj peev xwm thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm software thiab electronics developers nyob rau hauv pab pawg.
- Tsim cov qauv kev lag luam rau cov khoom siv tsheb ib leeg raws li cov khoom lag luam (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg muag khoom). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los soj ntsuam cov yam ntxwv twg ntxiv tus nqi tiag tiag rau yav tom ntej architecture thiab yog li ntawd tuaj yeem tau txais nyiaj. Qhov no yuav pab koj nyob twj ywm kev sib tw thiab khaws ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tus nqi hauv kev lag luam automotive electronics. Tom qab ntawd, cov qauv kev lag luam tshiab yuav tsum tau nrhiav pom rau kev muag software thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob, xws li cov khoom lag luam, kev pabcuam, lossis qee yam tshiab.
Raws li lub sijhawm tshiab ntawm automotive software thiab electronics pib, nws hloov pauv txhua yam ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam, cov neeg siv khoom xav tau thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib tw. Peb ntseeg tias yuav muaj nyiaj ntau los ntawm qhov no. Tab sis txhawm rau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv tam sim no, txhua tus neeg hauv kev lag luam yuav tsum rov xav txog lawv txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim khoom thiab teeb tsa (lossis hloov) lawv cov khoom kom zoo.
Kab lus no tau tsim los ntawm kev koom tes nrog Global Semiconductor Alliance.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com