US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tshaj tawm cov yeej ntawm kev sib tw rau cryptographic algorithms uas tiv thaiv kev xaiv ntawm quantum computer. Kev sib tw tau teeb tsa rau xyoo dhau los thiab lub hom phiaj los xaiv tom qab quantum cryptography algorithms tsim nyog rau kev xaiv tsa ua qauv. Thaum lub sij hawm kev sib tw, cov algorithms uas tau thov los ntawm pab pawg tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb tau kawm los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ywj pheej rau qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau thiab qhov tsis muaj zog.
Tus yeej ntawm universal algorithms uas tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv computer network yog CRYSTALS-Kyber, nws lub zog yog qhov me me ntawm cov yuam sij thiab kev kub ceev. CRYSTALS-Kyber raug pom zoo rau kev hloov mus rau qeb ntawm cov qauv. Ntxiv rau CRYSTALS-Kyber, plaub lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau raug txheeb xyuas - BIKE, Classic McEliece, HQC thiab SIKE, uas yuav tsum tau txhim kho ntxiv. Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm cov algorithms no muaj txog thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1 lub sijhawm los hloov kho cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb thiab tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv kev siv, tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov neeg sib tw kawg.
Ntawm cov algorithms uas tsom rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov kos npe digital, CRYSTALS-Dilithium, FALCON thiab SPHINCS+ yog qhov tseem ceeb. CRYSTALS-Dilithium thiab FALCON algorithms ua haujlwm tau zoo. CRYSTALS-Dilithium raug pom zoo ua tus thawj algorithm rau digital kos npe, thiab FALCON tau tsom mus rau cov kev daws teeb meem uas yuav tsum muaj qhov kos npe tsawg kawg nkaus. SPHINCS + lags tom qab thawj ob algorithms nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kos npe loj thiab ceev, tab sis nws yog suav nrog cov finalists raws li ib tug backup kev xaiv, vim nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua lej sib txawv.
Tshwj xeeb, CRYSTALS-Kyber, CRYSTALS-Dilithium thiab FALCON algorithms siv cov txheej txheem cryptography raws li kev daws teeb meem txoj kev xav ntawm lattice, lub sij hawm daws teeb meem uas tsis txawv ntawm cov pa thiab quantum computers. SPHINCS + algorithm siv hash function-based cryptography cov txheej txheem.
Lub universal algorithms sab laug rau kev txhim kho kuj yog raws li nyob rau hauv lwm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus - BIKE thiab HQC siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm algebraic coding txoj kev xav thiab linear codes, kuj siv nyob rau hauv kev ua yuam kev schemes. NIST npaj siab los ua qauv ntxiv rau ib qho ntawm cov algorithms no los muab lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov uas twb tau xaiv CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm, uas yog raws li txoj kev xav lattice. SIKE algorithm yog raws li kev siv supersingular isogeny (circling nyob rau hauv ib tug supersingular isogeny graph) thiab kuj yog suav tias yog ib tug neeg sib tw rau standardization, vim nws muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws qhov tseem ceeb. Classic McEliece algorithm yog ntawm cov neeg sib tw kawg, tab sis tseem yuav tsis tau ua tus qauv vim qhov loj loj ntawm tus yuam sij pej xeem.
Qhov yuav tsum tau tsim thiab ua qauv tshiab crypto-algorithms yog vim qhov tseeb tias quantum computers, uas tau nquag txhim kho tsis ntev los no, daws cov teeb meem ntawm decomposing ib tug natural tooj rau hauv thawj yam tseem ceeb (RSA, DSA) thiab discrete logarithm ntawm elliptic nkhaus ntsiab lus ( ECDSA), uas underlie niaj hnub asymmetric encryption algorithms. cov yuam sij pej xeem thiab tsis tuaj yeem daws tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem classical. Nyob rau theem tam sim no ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, lub peev xwm ntawm quantum computers tseem tsis tau txaus los tawg tam sim no classical encryption algorithms thiab digital kos npe raws li pej xeem cov yuam sij, xws li ECDSA, tab sis nws xav tias qhov xwm txheej yuav hloov tsis pub dhau 10 xyoo thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog. los npaj lub hauv paus rau kev hloov cryptosystems rau cov qauv tshiab.
Tau qhov twg los: opennet.ru