Kev tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem niaj hnub hauv kev lag luam automation

Hauv kev tshaj tawm yav dhau los peb tau tham txog yuav ua li cas cov tsheb npav thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam automation. Lub sijhawm no peb yuav tsom mus rau cov kev daws teeb meem niaj hnub no: peb yuav saib seb cov txheej txheem twg yog siv hauv cov tshuab thoob ntiaj teb. Cia peb xav txog cov thev naus laus zis ntawm German tuam txhab Beckhoff thiab Siemens, Austrian B&R, American Rockwell Automation thiab Lavxias Fastwel. Peb kuj tseem yuav kawm txog cov kev daws teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb uas tsis raug khi rau cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb, xws li EtherCAT thiab CAN. 

Thaum kawg ntawm tsab xov xwm yuav muaj ib lub rooj sib piv nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm EtherCAT, POWERLINK, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP thiab ModbusTCP raws tu qauv.

Peb tsis suav nrog PRP, HSR, OPC UA thiab lwm yam kev cai hauv kev tshuaj xyuas, vim Muaj twb muaj cov khoom zoo heev rau lawv ntawm Habre los ntawm peb cov phooj ywg engineers uas tab tom tsim kev lag luam automation systems. Piv txwv li, "PRP thiab HSR" seamless" redundancy raws tu qauv " и "Lub rooj vag ntawm kev sib pauv kev lag luam ntawm Linux. Sib sau koj tus kheej ".

Ua ntej, cia peb txhais cov ntsiab lus: Industrial Ethernet = industrial network, Fieldbus = tsheb npav. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev lag luam automation, muaj kev tsis meej pem nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus uas muaj feem xyuam rau lub tshav tsheb npav thiab theem qis-theem industrial network. Feem ntau cov ntsiab lus no tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv ib lub tswv yim tsis meej, hu ua "theem qis", uas yog hu ua ob qho tib si fieldbus thiab sublevel bus, txawm hais tias nws yuav tsis yog tsheb npav txhua.

Vim licas?Qhov tsis meej pem no feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv ntau lub niaj hnub controllers, kev sib txuas ntawm I / O modules feem ntau yog siv los ntawm lub nraub qaum lossis lub tsheb npav. Ntawd yog, qee qhov chaw tsheb npav thiab cov khoom sib txuas tau siv los ua ke ntau lub modules rau hauv ib chav tsev. Tab sis cov nodes, nyob rau hauv lem, tuaj yeem sib cuam tshuam los ntawm ob qho tib si kev lag luam network thiab lub tsheb npav. Nyob rau hauv Western terminology muaj ib tug meej faib: ib tug network yog ib tug network, ib lub tsheb npav yog ib lub tsheb npav. Thawj yog xaiv los ntawm lub sij hawm Industrial Ethernet, qhov thib ob los ntawm Fieldbus. Tsab ntawv tshaj tawm siv lo lus "kev lag luam network" thiab lo lus "tsheb npav" rau cov ntsiab lus no, feem.

Kev lag luam network txheem EtherCAT, tsim los ntawm Beckhoff

EtherCAT raws tu qauv thiab kev lag luam network yog kab tias yog ib txoj hauv kev ceev tshaj plaws ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv automation systems niaj hnub no. EtherCAT network tau ua tiav zoo siv hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob, qhov chaw sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib cais sib nrug deb.

EtherCAT raws tu qauv siv tus qauv Ethernet thav duab los xa nws cov xov tooj, yog li nws tseem siv tau nrog txhua yam khoom siv Ethernet thiab, qhov tseeb, cov ntaub ntawv txais thiab xa tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa ntawm ib qho Ethernet maub los, muab cov software tsim nyog muaj.

Beckhoff maub los nrog ib txheej ntawm I / O modules. Qhov chaw: www.beckhoff.de

Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yog qhib thiab muaj, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub koom haum txhim kho - EtherCAT Technology Group.

Nov yog qhov EtherCAT ua haujlwm li cas (qhov kev pom yog mesmerizing, zoo li qhov kev ua si Zuma Inca):

Kev sib pauv ceev ceev hauv cov txheej txheem no - thiab peb tuaj yeem tham txog units ntawm microseconds - tau paub vim tias cov neeg tsim khoom tsis kam pauv siv cov xov tooj xa ncaj qha mus rau ib qho khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Hloov chaw, ib lub xov tooj raug xa mus rau EtherCAT network, xa mus rau txhua yam khoom siv tib lub sijhawm, txhua tus qhev ntawm kev sau thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv (lawv feem ntau hu ua OSO - khoom siv sib txuas lus) siv los ntawm nws "ntawm ya" cov ntaub ntawv uas tau npaj rau nws thiab ntxig rau hauv ib lub telegram cov ntaub ntawv uas nws yog npaj los muab rau kev sib pauv. Tus xov tooj yog ces xa mus rau tus qhev tom ntej node, qhov twg tib lub lag luam tshwm sim. Tau dhau los ntawm tag nrho cov tswj cov cuab yeej, lub xov tooj rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab tswj, uas, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm cov qhev pab kiag li lawm, siv cov kev tswj logic, dua interacting los ntawm lub telegram nrog cov qhev nodes, uas muab ib tug tswj lub teeb liab rau. cov khoom siv.

Ib qho EtherCAT network tuaj yeem muaj cov topology, tab sis qhov tseeb nws yuav yog ib lub nplhaib - vim yog siv tag nrho duplex hom thiab ob lub Ethernet connectors. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, telegram yuav ib txwm xa mus rau txhua lub cuab yeej ntawm lub npav.

Schematic sawv cev ntawm Ethercat network nrog ntau cov nodes. Qhov chaw: realpars.com

Los ntawm txoj kev, EtherCAT specification tsis muaj kev txwv ntawm 100Base-TX lub cev txheej, yog li kev siv raws tu qauv yog ua tau raws li gigabit thiab optical kab.

Qhib kev lag luam tes hauj lwm thiab PROFIBUS / NET cov qauv los ntawm Siemens

Lub German kev txhawj xeeb Siemens tau ntev tau paub txog nws cov programmable logic controllers (PLCs), uas tau siv thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv ntawm cov nodes ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tswj los ntawm Siemens cov cuab yeej yog nqa tawm ob qho tib si ntawm lub tsheb npav hu ua PROFIBUS thiab hauv PROFINET kev lag luam network.

Lub tsheb npav PROFIBUS siv ib qho tshwj xeeb ob-core cable nrog DB-9 connectors. Siemens muaj nws cov ntshav, tab sis peb tau pom lwm tus hauv kev xyaum :). Txhawm rau txuas ntau cov nodes, lub connector tuaj yeem txuas ob lub cables. Nws tseem muaj qhov hloov pauv rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg resistor. Lub davhlau ya nyob twg resistor yuav tsum tau tig rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub network, yog li qhia tias qhov no yog thawj lossis zaum kawg ntaus ntawv, thiab tom qab nws tsis muaj dab tsi, tsuas yog qhov tsaus ntuj thiab qhov khoob (tag nrho rs485s ua haujlwm zoo li no). Yog tias koj qhib lub resistor ntawm qhov nruab nrab connector, ntu tom qab nws yuav raug muab tua.

PROFIBUS cable nrog txuas txuas. Qhov chaw: VIPA ControlsAmerica

PROFINET network siv ib qho analogue twisted khub cable, feem ntau nrog RJ-45 connectors, lub cable yog xim ntsuab. Yog hais tias lub topology ntawm PROFIBUS yog lub tsheb npav, ces lub topology ntawm PROFINET network yuav ua tau txhua yam: lub nplhaib, lub hnub qub, tsob ntoo, los yog txhua yam ua ke.

Siemens maub los nrog txuas nrog PROFINET cable. Tau qhov twg los: w3.siemens.com

Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev sib txuas lus ntawm lub tsheb npav PROFIBUS thiab hauv PROFINET network.

Rau PROFIBUS:

1. PROFIBUS DP - kev siv cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev sib txuas lus nrog cov tub qhe tej thaj chaw deb; nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm PROFINET, cov txheej txheem no sib raug rau PROFINET IO raws tu qauv.
2. PROFIBUS PA yog qhov tseem ceeb tib yam li PROFIBUS DP, tsuas yog siv rau kev tawg-pov thawj versions ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa mus thiab lub zog hluav taws xob (analogous rau PROFIBUS DP nrog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm lub cev). Rau PROFINET, cov txheej txheem tawg-pov thawj zoo ib yam li PROFIBUS tseem tsis tau muaj.
3. PROFIBUS FMS - tsim los rau kev sib pauv ntaub ntawv nrog cov tshuab los ntawm lwm cov tuam txhab uas siv tsis tau PROFIBUS DP. PROFIBUS FMS analogue hauv PROFINET network yog PROFINET CBA raws tu qauv.

Rau PROFINET:

1. PROFINET IO;
2. PROFINET CBA.

PROFINET IO raws tu qauv tau muab faib ua ob peb chav kawm:

• PROFINET NRT (tsis yog lub sijhawm tiag tiag) - siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas lub sijhawm tsis tseem ceeb. Nws siv Ethernet TCP / IP cov ntaub ntawv hloov chaw raws tu qauv thiab UDP / IP.
• PROFINET RT (lub sijhawm tiag tiag) - ntawm no I / O cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv yog siv los ntawm Ethernet thav duab, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv kuaj mob thiab kev sib txuas lus tseem raug xa mus ntawm UDP / IP. 
• PROFINET IRT (Isochronous Real Time) - Cov txheej txheem no tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev tswj xyuas cov ntawv thov thiab suav nrog cov txheej txheem hloov cov ntaub ntawv isochronous.

Raws li kev siv PROFINET IRT nyuaj raws li lub sijhawm, rau kev sib txuas lus nrog cov chaw taws teeb, nws txawv ntawm ob txoj kev sib pauv: isochronous thiab asynchronous. Ib qho isochronous channel nrog lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntev ntev siv lub sijhawm synchronization thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau lub sijhawm; cov xov tooj thib ob yog siv rau kev sib kis. Lub sijhawm sib kis hauv isochronous channel tsis pub dhau 1 millisecond.

Lub asynchronous channel xa cov ntaub ntawv hu ua real-time, uas tseem hais los ntawm MAC chaw nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam kev kuaj mob thiab cov ntaub ntawv pabcuam raug xa mus rau TCP / IP. Tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag, ntau cov ntaub ntawv tsawg dua, tau kawg, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub voj voog isochronous.

Cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv ntawm PROFINET IO lub luag haujlwm tsis xav tau rau txhua qhov kev lag luam automation, yog li cov txheej txheem no tau ntsuas rau ib qhov project tshwj xeeb, suav nrog cov chav kawm ua raws lossis cov chav kawm ua raws: CC-A, CC-B, CC-CC. Cov chav kawm ua raws cai tso cai rau koj xaiv cov khoom siv hauv teb thiab cov pob txha caj qaum nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum tau ua. 

Tau qhov twg los: PROFINET University zaj lus qhia

Qhov kev sib pauv thib ob hauv PROFINET network - PROFINET CBA - yog siv los npaj kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv. Lub chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb hauv IAS systems yog ib qho chaw hu ua ib feem. Cov khoom siv no feem ntau yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob ntawm cov cuab yeej lossis kev teeb tsa, nrog rau cov ntawv thov sib txuas. Rau txhua qhov kev tivthaiv, ib qho software module raug xaiv uas muaj cov lus piav qhia ua tiav ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv no raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm PROFINET tus qauv. Tom qab ntawd cov software modules tau siv los pauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov khoom siv. 

B&R Ethernet POWERLINK raws tu qauv

Powerlink raws tu qauv tau tsim los ntawm Austrian tuam txhab B&R thaum ntxov 2000s. Qhov no yog lwm qhov kev siv ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag raws tu qauv saum toj ntawm Ethernet tus qauv. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yog muaj thiab muab faib dawb. 

Powerlink thev naus laus zis siv lub npe hu ua kev xaiv tsa sib xyaw ua ke, thaum txhua qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv tau muab faib ua ob peb theem. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog kis tau nyob rau hauv isochronous pauv theem, uas lub sijhawm teb yuav tsum tau teeb tsa; cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv yuav raug xa mus, thaum twg los tau, nyob rau theem asynchronous.

B&R maub los nrog ib txheej ntawm I / O modules. Tau qhov twg los: br-automation.com

Cov txheej txheem yog thawj zaug siv nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm 100Base-TX lub cev txheej txheej, tab sis tom qab ntawd kev siv gigabit tau tsim.

Powerlink raws tu qauv siv cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas lus. Ib qho cim lossis cov lus tswj tau raug xa mus rau lub network, nrog kev pab los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov cuab yeej twg tam sim no muaj kev tso cai los pauv cov ntaub ntawv. Tsuas yog ib lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov sib pauv ntawm ib lub sijhawm.

Schematic sawv cev ntawm Ethernet POWERLINK network nrog ntau cov nodes.

Nyob rau theem isochronous, tus tswj kev xaiv tsa tau xa ib daim ntawv thov mus rau txhua qhov ntawm nws xav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. 

Lub isochronous theem yog ua, raws li twb tau hais lawm, nrog rau lub sij hawm hloov kho. Nyob rau hauv lub asynchronous theem ntawm kev sib pauv, tus IP raws tu qauv pawg yog siv, tus maub los thov cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseem ceeb los ntawm tag nrho cov nodes, uas xa cov lus teb raws li lawv tau txais kev nkag mus rau hauv lub network. Lub sijhawm piv ntawm cov theem isochronous thiab asynchronous tuaj yeem hloov kho manually.

Rockwell Automation Ethernet/IP raws tu qauv

EtherNet / IP raws tu qauv tau tsim nrog kev koom tes ntawm Asmeskas tuam txhab Rockwell Automation hauv 2000. Nws siv TCP thiab UDP IP pawg, thiab txuas ntxiv nws rau kev siv tshuab automation. Qhov thib ob ntawm lub npe, tsis muaj kev ntseeg nrov, tsis txhais hais tias Internet Protocol, tab sis Industrial Protocol. UDP IP siv CIP (Common Interface Protocol) kev sib txuas lus pawg, uas tseem siv hauv ControlNet / DeviceNet tes hauj lwm thiab yog siv rau saum TCP / IP.

EtherNet/IP specification yog muaj rau pej xeem thiab muaj pub dawb. Lub Ethernet / IP network topology tuaj yeem yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab suav nrog lub nplhaib, lub hnub qub, tsob ntoo lossis tsheb npav.

Ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm HTTP, FTP, SMTP, EtherNet / IP raws tu qauv, nws siv cov ntaub ntawv hloov sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm tus tswj kev xaiv tsa thiab I / O cov khoom siv. Kev xa tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb yog muab los ntawm TCP pob ntawv, thiab lub sijhawm xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tswj xyuas cyclic yog ua los ntawm UDP raws tu qauv. 

Txhawm rau synchronize lub sijhawm hauv cov kab ke sib faib, EtherNet / IP siv CIPsync raws tu qauv, uas yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm CIP kev sib txuas lus raws tu qauv.

Schematic sawv cev ntawm Ethernet / IP network nrog ob peb cov nodes thiab kev sib txuas ntawm Modbus li. Qhov chaw: www.icpdas.com.tw

Txhawm rau kom yooj yim EtherNet / IP network teeb tsa, feem ntau cov txheej txheem automation tuaj nrog cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa ua ntej.

Ua raws li FBUS raws tu qauv ntawm Fastwel

Peb tau xav ntev ntev seb puas yuav suav nrog Lavxias lub tuam txhab Fastwel hauv daim ntawv teev npe no nrog rau kev siv hauv tsev ntawm FBUS cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, tab sis tom qab ntawd peb txiav txim siab sau ob peb nqe lus kom nkag siab zoo dua ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm kev hloov pauv.

Muaj ob qhov kev siv lub cev ntawm FBUS. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub tsheb npav uas FBUS raws tu qauv sau rau saum tus qauv RS485. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev siv FBUS hauv kev lag luam Ethernet network.

FBUS tsis tuaj yeem hu ua tus txheej txheem siab ceev; lub sij hawm teb tau zoo nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm I / O modules ntawm lub tsheb npav thiab ntawm kev sib pauv tsis; nws feem ntau yog li ntawm 0,5 txog 10 milliseconds. Ib qho FBUS qhev node tsuas muaj 64 I/O modules xwb. Rau lub tshav dav hlau, qhov ntev cable tsis tuaj yeem siab tshaj 1 meter, yog li peb tsis tau tham txog cov tshuab faib. Los yog, nws ua tau, tab sis tsuas yog thaum siv kev lag luam FBUS network dhau TCP / IP, uas txhais tau tias muaj kev nce rau hauv lub sijhawm xaiv tsa ob peb zaug. Cov tsheb npav txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem siv los txuas cov modules, uas tso cai rau kev tso yooj yim ntawm cov modules hauv lub txee automation.

Fastwel maub los nrog txuas I / O modules. Qhov chaw: Tswj Engineering Russia

Tag Nrho: Yuav ua li cas tag nrho cov no yog siv nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nyob rau hauv automated txheej txheem tswj systems

Lawm, ntau hom kev lag luam niaj hnub cov ntaub ntawv hloov chaw yog ntau dua li peb tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no. Qee qhov raug khi rau ib qho chaw tsim khoom, qee qhov, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog universal. Thaum tsim cov txheej txheem tswj cov txheej txheem automated (APCS), tus kws tshaj lij xaiv cov txheej txheem pom zoo, suav nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev txwv (kev siv tshuab thiab kev siv nyiaj txiag).

Yog tias peb tham txog kev nthuav dav ntawm ib qho kev sib pauv kev cai, peb tuaj yeem muab daim duab qhia txog lub tuam txhab HMS Networks AB, uas qhia txog kev lag luam sib koom ntawm ntau yam kev sib pauv technologies hauv kev lag luam tes hauj lwm.

Tau qhov twg los: HMS Networks AB

Raws li tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab, PRONET thiab PROFIBUS los ntawm Siemens tuav cov thawj coj.

Interestingly, 6 xyoo dhau los PROFINET thiab Ethernet / IP raws tu qauv suav txog 60% ntawm kev ua lag luam.

Cov lus hauv qab no muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem sib pauv tau piav qhia. Qee qhov kev txwv, piv txwv li, kev ua tau zoo, tau qhia hauv cov ntsiab lus tsis meej: siab / qis. Cov lej sib npaug tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntawv txheeb xyuas kev ua tau zoo. 

	EtherCAT	POWERLINK	PROFINET	Ethernet/IP	ModbusTCP
Lub cev txheej	100/1000 BASE-TX	100/1000 BASE-TX	100/1000 BASE-TX	100/1000 BASE-TX	100/1000 BASE-TX
Cov ntaub ntawv qib	Channel (Ethernet ntas)	Channel (Ethernet ntas)	Channel (Ethernet thav duab), Network / thauj (TCP / IP)	Network / Thauj (TCP / IP)	Network / Thauj (TCP / IP)
Kev txhawb nqa lub sijhawm tiag tiag	Yog	Yog	Yog	Yog	Tsis
Tsim tau	Tsis yog	Tsis yog	IRT - siab, RT - nruab nrab	Nruab Nrab	Tsawg
Cable ntev ntawm nodes	100	100 m/2km	100	100	100
Hloov cov theem	Tsis	Isochronous + asynchronous	IRT – isochronous + asynchronous, RT – asynchronous	Tsis	Tsis
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov nodes	65535	240	TCP/IP Network txwv	TCP/IP Network txwv	TCP/IP Network txwv
Kev daws teeb meem sib tsoo	Lub nplhaib topology	moos synchronization, kis theem	Ntiv nplhaib topology, kis theem	Hloov, lub hnub qub topology	Hloov, lub hnub qub topology
Kub pauv	Tsis	Yog	Yog	Yog	Nyob ntawm qhov kev siv
Cov nqi khoom siv	Tsawg	Tsawg	Tsis yog	Nruab Nrab	Tsawg

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv cov kev sib pauv tau piav qhia, fieldbuses thiab kev lag luam tes hauj lwm muaj ntau haiv neeg. Los ntawm kev lag luam chemical thiab automotive mus rau aerospace technology thiab electronics manufacturing. Kev sib pauv ceev ceev yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev thov hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm qhov chaw rau ntau yam khoom siv thiab hauv robotics.

Cov kev cai dab tsi uas koj tau ua haujlwm nrog thiab koj tau siv qhov twg? Qhia koj qhov kev paub hauv cov lus. 🙂

Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com