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Tshaj tawm 58 tsab ntawm qhov kev ntaus nqi ntawm cov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws supercomputers

58th ib tsab ntawm qhov qeb duas ntawm 500 feem ntau cov computers ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tau luam tawm. Hauv qhov kev tso tawm tshiab, kaum sab saum toj tsis tau hloov pauv, tab sis 4 pawg neeg Lavxias tshiab tau suav nrog hauv qeb duas.

19th, 36th thiab 40th qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qeb duas tau coj los ntawm Lavxias teb sab pawg Chervonenkis, Galushkin thiab Lyapunov, tsim los ntawm Yandex los daws cov teeb meem kev kawm tshuab thiab muab kev ua tau zoo ntawm 21.5, 16 thiab 12.8 petaflops, raws li. Cov pawg khiav Ubuntu 16.04 thiab tau nruab nrog AMD EPYC 7xxx processors thiab NVIDIA A100 GPUs: Chervonenkis pawg muaj 199 nodes (193 txhiab AMD EPYC 7702 64C 2GH cores thiab 1592 NVIDIA A100 80 GPUs), cores C 136 134C 7702GH thiab 64 GPU NVIDIA A2 1088G), Lyapunov - 100 nodes (80 txhiab cores AMD EPYC 137 130C 7662GHz thiab 64 GPU NVIDIA A2 1096G).

Hauv 43rd qhov chaw yog Sberbank cov pawg tshiab, Christofari Neo, khiav NVIDIA DGX OS 5 (Ubuntu tsab) thiab ua kom pom qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 11.9 petaflops. Cov pawg muaj ntau dua 98 txhiab lub khoos phis tawj raws li AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz CPU thiab los nrog NVIDIA A100 80GB GPU. Yav dhau los siv Sberbank Christofari pawg tau txav los ntawm 61st mus rau 72nd qhov chaw hauv qeb duas hauv ib nrab xyoo.

Ob pawg neeg hauv tsev kuj tseem nyob hauv qhov qeb duas: Lomonosov 2 - tau tsiv los ntawm 199 mus rau 241 qhov chaw (hauv 2015, Lomonosov 2 pawg coj 31 qhov chaw, thiab nws cov thawj coj Lomonosov hauv 2011 - 13 qhov chaw) thiab MTS GROM - tsiv ntawm 240 mus rau 294. qhov chaw. Yog li, tus naj npawb ntawm cov pab pawg hauv tsev hauv qeb duas tau nce los ntawm 3 txog 7 tshaj rau lub hlis (rau kev sib piv, xyoo 2020 muaj 2 lub tshuab hauv tsev hauv qeb, hauv 2017 - 5, thiab hauv 2012 - 12).

Raws li qhov ntsuas tag nrho, Japanese Fugaku pawg, tsim siv ARM processors, tseem nyob hauv thawj qhov chaw. Fugaku pawg nyob ntawm RIKEN Lub Tsev Haujlwm rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Cev thiab Tshuaj thiab muab kev ua haujlwm ntawm 442 petaflops. Cov pawg suav nrog 158976 nodes raws li Fujitsu A64FX SoC, nruab nrog 48-core Armv8.2-A SVE CPU (512 ntsis SIMD) nrog lub moos zaus ntawm 2.2GHz. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, pawg muaj ntau dua 7.6 lab processor cores (peb zaug ntau dua li tus thawj coj dhau los), 5 PB ntawm RAM thiab 150 PB ntawm kev sib koom cia raws li Luster FS. Red Hat Enterprise Linux yog siv los ua kev ua haujlwm. Tag nrho ntev ntawm cov optical cables siv los txuas cov nodes yog hais txog 850 kilometers.

Hauv qhov chaw thib ob yog pawg Summit, uas tau muab los ntawm IBM ntawm Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA). Cov pawg khiav Red Hat Enterprise Linux thiab suav nrog 2.4 lab processor cores (22-core IBM Power9 22C 3.07GHz CPUs thiab NVIDIA Tesla V100 accelerators tau siv), uas muab kev ua haujlwm ntawm 148 petaflops, uas yuav luag peb zaug tsawg dua tus thawj coj hauv qhov ntsuas.

Qhov thib peb yog nyob ntawm American Sierra pawg, ntsia ntawm Livermore National Laboratory los ntawm IBM raws li lub platform zoo ib yam li Summit thiab ua kom pom kev ua tau zoo ntawm 94 petaflops (kwv yees li 1.5 lab cores). Red Hat Enterprise Linux yog siv los ua kev ua haujlwm.

Nyob rau hauv plaub qhov chaw yog Suav Sunway TaihuLight pawg, ua haujlwm ntawm National Supercomputer Center ntawm Tuam Tshoj, suav nrog ntau tshaj 10 lab suav cores thiab qhia txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm 93 petaflops. Txawm hais tias qhov ntsuas tau zoo sib xws, Sierra pawg siv ib nrab ntawm lub zog ntau npaum li Sunway TaihuLight. Lub operating system yog tus tswv Linux faib RaiseOS.

Hauv qhov thib tsib yog Perlmutter pawg, tsim los ntawm HPE thiab nyob ntawm National Energy Research Center hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Cov pawg suav nrog 761 txhiab cores raws li AMD EPYC 7763 64C 2.45GHz CPU thiab muab kev ua haujlwm ntawm 71 petaflops. Lub operating system yog Cray OS.

Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws tiam sis:

  • Kev faib tawm los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm supercomputers hauv ntau lub teb chaws:
    • Tuam Tshoj: 173 (188 - rau lub hlis dhau los). Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Suav pawg tsim tawm 17.5% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim tau (rau lub hlis dhau los - 19.4%);
    • USA: 149 (122). Tag nrho cov khoom tsim tau kwv yees li ntawm 32.5% (rau lub hlis dhau los - 30.7%);
    • Nyiv: 32 (34);
    • Lub teb chaws Yelemees: 26 (23);
    • Fabkis: 19 (16);
    • Netherlands: 11 (16);
    • UK: 11 (11);
    • Canada 11 (11);
    • Russia 7 (3);
    • Kaus Lim Qab Teb 7 (5)
    • Ltalis: 6 (6);
    • Saudi Arabia 6 (6);
    • Brazil 5 (6);
    • Sweden 4 (3);
    • Poland 4 (4);
    • Australia, India, Switzerland, Finland: 3.
  • Nyob rau hauv qeb duas ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems siv nyob rau hauv supercomputers, tsuas yog Linux tau nyob rau plaub thiab ib nrab xyoo;
  • Kev faib tawm los ntawm Linux faib (hauv kab ke - ob xyoos dhau los):
    • 51.6% (49.6%) tsis qhia txog kev faib khoom,
    • 18% (26.4%) siv CentOS,
    • 7.6% (4.8%) - RHEL,
    • 7% (6.8%) - Cray Linux,
    • 5.4% (2%) - Ubuntu;
    • 4% (3%) - SUSE,
    • 0.2% (0.4%) - Kev tshawb fawb Linux
  • Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus kev ua tau zoo rau kev nkag mus rau Top500 hauv 6 lub hlis nce los ntawm 1511 txog 1649 teraflops (peb xyoos dhau los, tsuas yog 272 pawg tau pom qhov ua tau zoo tshaj li petaflop, plaub xyoos dhau los - 138, tsib xyoos dhau los - 94). Rau Top100, qhov pib nkag tau nce los ntawm 4124 txog 4788 teraflops;
  • Tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm txhua lub tshuab hauv qhov kev ntsuas tau nce los ntawm 2.8 mus rau 3 exaflops nyob rau hauv lub xyoo (ob xyoos dhau los nws yog 1.650 exaflops, thiab tsib xyoos dhau los - 566 petaflops). Lub kaw lus kaw qhov qeb duas tam sim no yog nyob rau hauv 433rd qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem kawg, thiab nyob rau hauv 401st qhov chaw xyoo ua ntej;
  • Kev faib tawm dav dav ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm supercomputers nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog raws li nram no: 226 supercomputers nyob rau hauv Asia (245 - rau lub hlis dhau los), 160 nyob rau hauv North America (133) thiab 105 nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe (113), 5 nyob rau hauv South America. (6), 3 hauv Oceania (2) thiab 1 hauv Africa (1);
  • Raws li lub hauv paus processor, Intel CPUs nyob rau hauv cov hlau lead - 81.6% (ob xyoos dhau los nws yog 94%), AMD yog nyob rau hauv thib ob qhov chaw nrog 14.6% (0.6%), thiab IBM Power yog nyob rau hauv thib peb qhov chaw nrog 1.4% ( nws yog 2.8%). Muaj kev loj hlob ntawm pawg raws li AMD processors; piv txwv li, tag nrho cov tshuab tshiab suav nrog hauv Top15 yog nruab nrog AMD CPUs.
  • 26.6% (ob xyoos dhau los 35.6%) ntawm tag nrho cov siv processors muaj 20 cores, 17.6% - 24 cores, 11.2% - 64 cores, 8.6% (13.8%) - 16 cores, 8.2% (11%) - 18 cores, 5.8 % (11.2%) - 12 cores.
  • 149 tawm ntawm 500 lub tshuab (ob xyoos dhau los - 144) ntxiv rau siv accelerators lossis coprocessors, nrog 143 lub tshuab siv NVIDIA chips, 2 - Intel Xeon Phi (los ntawm 5), 1 - PEZY (1), thiab 1 AMD Vega GPU ;
  • Ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam, Lenovo tau ua thawj qhov chaw - 36.8% (ob xyoos dhau los 34.8%), Inspur tau thib ob - 11.6% (13.2%), Hewlett-Packard Enterprise tau thib peb - ​​9% (7%), tom qab ntawd Sugon 7.8 % (14.2%), Atos - 7.2% (4.6%), Cray 6.4% (7%), Dell EMC 3.2% (2.2%), Fujitsu 3% (2.6%), NVIDIA 2.4 (1.2%), NEC 2%. , Huawei 1.4% (2%), IBM 1.4% (2.6%), Penguin Computing - 1.4% (2.2%). Xya xyoo dhau los, kev faib tawm ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam yog raws li hauv qab no: Hewlett-Packard 36%, IBM 35%, Cray 10.2% thiab SGI 3.8%;
  • Ethernet yog siv los txuas cov nodes hauv 49.4% (ob xyoos dhau los 52%) ntawm pawg, InfiniBand yog siv hauv 33.6% (28%) ntawm pawg, Omnipath - 8.4% (10%). Saib ntawm tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo, InfiniBand-based systems account rau 43.3% ntawm Top500 qhov kev ua tau zoo tag nrho, thaum Ethernet suav rau 21.3%.

Nyob rau yav tom ntej, kev tshaj tawm ntawm ib tsab tshiab ntawm lwm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm pawg kab ke Graph 500, tsom mus rau kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm supercomputer platforms cuam tshuam nrog simulating cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev thiab cov dej num rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv loj loj rau cov tshuab zoo li no. Lub Green500, HPCG (High-Performance Conjugate Gradient) thiab HPL-AI kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua ke nrog Top500 thiab tau cuam tshuam rau hauv qhov kev ntaus nqi Top500.

Tau qhov twg los: opennet.ru

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