"Ib hnub nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm ib tug squirrel" los yog los ntawm tus txheej txheem qauv mus rau lub tsim ntawm ib tug automated wealth accounting system "Belka-1.0" (Part 1)
Dab tsi yog "squirrel" ua rau nws?
Kuv yuav piav qhia tam sim ntawd dab tsi "squirrel" ua rau nws. Tau los hla cov haujlwm lom zem hauv Is Taws Nem rau kev kawm UML raws li thaj chaw kawm qiv los ntawm cov dab neeg (piv txwv li, [1]), Kuv kuj tau txiav txim siab los npaj ib qho piv txwv zoo sib xws rau kuv cov tub ntxhais kawm kom lawv tuaj yeem kawm tsuas yog peb hom kab kos los pib nrog: Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm, Daim Ntawv Qhia Siv Siv thiab Daim Ntawv Qhia Chav Kawm. Kuv txhob txwm tsis txhais cov npe ntawm cov duab kos rau hauv Lavxias kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog "kev nyuaj siab txhais lus." Kuv mam piav dab tsi nws yog rau me ntsis tom qab. Hauv qhov piv txwv no kuv tab tom siv Enterprise Architect lub moj khaum los ntawm ib lub tuam txhab Australian [2] - cov cuab yeej zoo rau tus nqi tsim nyog. Thiab ua ib feem ntawm kuv qhov kev cob qhia kuv siv [3], qhov zoo pub dawb cov cuab yeej tsim qauv uas txhawb nqa UML2.0 thiab BPMN cov qauv, tsis muaj lub tswb tsis tsim nyog thiab xuav nrog lub peev xwm pom, tab sis txaus rau kev kawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus.
Peb tab tom yuav automate cov haujlwm ntawm kev suav nyiaj rau cov khoom muaj nqis, uas tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem no.
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Ib kob nyob rau hauv hiav txwv, (E1, E2)
Muaj lawg ntawm cov kob (E3, E1)
Nrog cov koom txoos golden-domed, (E4)
Nrog yees thiab vaj; (E5, E6)
Ib tsob ntoo spruce hlob nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub palace, (E7, E8)
Thiab hauv qab no yog lub tsev siv lead ua; (E9)
Ib tug squirrel nyob ntawd, (A1)
Yog, dab tsi yog taug txuj kev nyuaj! (A1)
Tus nas ej hu nkauj, (P1, A1)
Yog lawm, nws tseem nibbling ntawm txiv ntseej, (P2)
Tab sis txiv ntseej tsis yooj yim, (C1)
Txhua lub plhaub yog kub, (C2)
Lub hauv paus yog ntshiab emerald; (C3)
Cov tub qhe zov tus squirrel, (P3, A2)
Lawv ua hauj lwm rau nws raws li ntau tus tub txib (P4)
Thiab ib tug neeg ua haujlwm raug muab (A3)
Ib tug nruj account ntawm txiv ntseej yog cov xov xwm; (P5, C1)
Cov tub rog qhuas nws; (P6, A4)
Ib npib yog nchuav los ntawm lub plhaub, (P7, C2, C4)
Cia lawv mus thoob ntiaj teb; (P8)
Cov ntxhais ncuav emerald (P9, A5, C3)
Nyob rau hauv cov khw muag khoom, thiab hauv qab npog; (E10, E11)
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(A.S. Pushkin "Cov Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Tsar Saltan, ntawm nws lub yeeb koob thiab muaj zog, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Guidon Saltanovich thiab tus ntxhais huab tais zoo nkauj Swan", - 10 xyoo los ntawm lub tswv yim mus rau kev tshaj tawm, los ntawm txoj kev!)
Ib me ntsis txog cov lej uas tau sau rau sab xis ntawm cov kab. "A" (los ntawm "Actor") txhais tau hais tias kab ntawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus neeg koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem. "C" (los ntawm "Class") - cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom hauv chav kawm uas tau ua tiav thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav cov txheej txheem. "E" (los ntawm "Environment") - cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom hauv chav kawm uas ua rau ib puag ncig rau kev ua cov txheej txheem. "P" (los ntawm "Process") - cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov txheej txheem lawv tus kheej.
Los ntawm txoj kev, lub ntsiab txhais ntawm ib tug txheej txheem kuj hais tias yog vim li cas ntawm methodological kev tsis sib haum xeeb, yog hais tias tsuas yog vim lub fact tias muaj ntau yam txheej txheem: kev lag luam, ntau lawm, technology, thiab lwm yam. thiab lwm yam. (koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau, piv txwv li, [4] thiab [5]). Kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cav, cia peb pom zoo li ntawd Peb txaus siab rau cov txheej txheem los ntawm qhov pom ntawm nws txoj kev rov ua dua lub sijhawm thiab qhov xav tau rau automation, i.e. hloov cov kev ua ntawm ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem kev khiav hauj lwm mus rau ib tug automated system.
Cov lus ceeb toom ntawm kev siv daim duab kos duab
Cia peb pib ua qauv peb cov txheej txheem thiab siv daim duab qhia kev ua haujlwm rau qhov no. Ua ntej, cia kuv piav qhia seb cov lej saum toj no yuav siv li cas hauv cov qauv. Nws yooj yim dua los piav qhia nrog cov qauv duab, tab sis tib lub sijhawm peb yuav tshuaj xyuas qee qhov (yuav luag tag nrho cov uas peb xav tau) cov ntsiab lus ntawm Daim Duab Ua Haujlwm.
Cia peb txheeb xyuas cov ntu nram qab no:
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Tus nas ej hu nkauj, (P1, A1)
Yog lawm, nws tseem nibbling ntawm txiv ntseej, (P2)
Tab sis txiv ntseej tsis yooj yim, (C1)
Txhua lub plhaub yog kub, (C2)
Lub hauv paus yog ntshiab emerald; (C3)
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Peb muaj ob txheej txheej txheej txheem P1 thiab P2, tus neeg koom nrog A1, thiab cov khoom ntawm peb chav kawm sib txawv: ib qho khoom ntawm chav kawm C1 yog nkag mus rau cov kauj ruam, cov khoom ntawm cov chav kawm C2 thiab C3 yog cov khoom tso tawm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kauj ruam no P2 ntawm peb. txheej txheem. Rau daim duab peb siv cov qauv hauv qab no.
Ib feem ntawm peb cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem sawv cev qee yam zoo li no (Daim duab 1).
Daim duab 1. Daim duab kos duab fragment
Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov chaw thiab tsim daim duab kos duab, peb yuav siv txoj hauv kev uas tsis yog tus qauv, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev siv classical ntawm UML cim. Tab sis muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov no. Ua ntej, tsuas yog ua ntej pib ua qauv peb yuav sau cov npe hu ua kev pom zoo ua qauv, nyob rau hauv uas peb sau tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv cov cim. Qhov thib ob, txoj hauv kev no tau rov ua tiav zoo nyob rau theem ntawm kev ua lag luam ua qauv hauv cov haujlwm tiag tiag los tsim cov txheej txheem software, cov txiaj ntsig tau raug kaw los ntawm peb pab pawg me ntawm cov kws sau ntawv hauv cov khoom ntiag tug sib xws [6], thiab kuj tau siv hauv phau ntawv qhia [ 7]. Rau Daim Ntawv Qhia Kev Ua Si, peb txhais tau tias daim duab kos duab tau teeb tsa siv "kev ua luam dej". Lub npe taug qab yuav sib haum rau hom kab ntawv qhia uas yuav muab tso rau ntawm txoj kev ntawd.
"Input thiab output artifacts": Cov kab no yuav muaj Cov Khoom Siv - cov khoom siv los yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua qee yam txheej txheem.
"Process cov kauj ruam": Ntawm no peb yuav muab Cov Yam Ntxim Saib Ntxim Ua - kev ua ntawm cov neeg koom nrog txheej txheem.
"Cov neeg koom nrog": ib txoj hauv kev rau cov ntsiab lus uas yuav qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv peb cov txheej txheem;
Txoj kab tom ntej no hu ua "Txoj Cai Lag Luam" thiab ntawm txoj kev no peb yuav muab tso rau hauv cov ntawv sau cov cai rau kev ua raws li cov kauj ruam ntawm cov txheej txheem, thiab rau qhov no peb yuav siv cov qauv qauv Note - ib daim ntawv.
Peb yuav nres ntawm no, txawm tias peb tuaj yeem siv txoj kev "Cov cuab yeej" los sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qib ntawm cov txheej txheem automation. Ib txoj hauv kev kuj tuaj yeem ua ke "Txoj hauj lwm thiab kev faib ntawm cov neeg koom", nws tuaj yeem siv los txuas cov luag haujlwm rau cov haujlwm thiab cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg koom nrog cov txheej txheem.
Txhua yam uas kuv nyuam qhuav piav qhia yog ib feem qauv kev cai, ib feem ntawm daim ntawv cog lus no cuam tshuam txog cov cai rau kev teeb tsa ib daim duab thiab, raws li, cov cai rau kev sau ntawv thiab nyeem nws.
"Daim ntawv qhia"
Tam sim no cia peb xav txog qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev ua qauv ntawm qhov system tshwj xeeb los ntawm daim duab qhia kev ua si. Qhov no tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv, Kuv nco ntsoov tias nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog ib qho xwb. Daim duab qhia kev ua si yuav txaus siab rau peb los ntawm qhov pom ntawm nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem ua qauv mus rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem automated. Ua li no, peb yuav ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev pom zoo - ib hom ntawm daim ntawv qhia uas muaj tsuas yog tsib theem thiab muab kev txhim kho ntawm peb hom kab kos. Kev siv daim ntawv qhia no yuav pab peb tau txais cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem uas peb xav kom automate thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tsim qauv. Thiab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thaum pib kawm UML, qhov no yog ib hom kev tiv thaiv lub neej uas yuav tsis tso cai rau lawv poob rau hauv txhua yam kev pom thiab cov tswv yim uas muaj nyob hauv UML thiab cov cuab yeej ua qauv niaj hnub.
Ntawm no, qhov tseeb, yog daim ntawv qhia nws tus kheej, thiab tom qab ntawd ua raws li cov duab kos ua rau peb thaj chaw "fairytale".
Kauj Ruam 1. Peb piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem hauv daim duab kos duab. Rau cov txheej txheem nrog ntau tshaj 10 cov kauj ruam, nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab siv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem decomposition txoj cai los txhim kho kev nyeem ntawv ntawm daim duab.
Theem 2. Xaiv yam uas tuaj yeem siv tau (cov kauj ruam tuaj yeem hais qhia rau ntawm daim duab, piv txwv).
Theem 3. Cov kauj ruam automated yuav tsum tau txuam nrog kev ua haujlwm lossis kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub kaw lus (kev sib raug zoo tuaj yeem ua tau ntau-rau-ntau), kos ib daim duab siv-cov ntaub ntawv. Cov no yog cov haujlwm ntawm peb qhov system.
Kauj Ruam 4. Cia peb piav qhia txog lub koom haum sab hauv ntawm AS siv daim duab kos duab - Chav kawm. Qhov "Cov Khoom Taw Qhia thiab Tso Tawm (Cov Ntaub Ntawv)" txoj kev ua luam dej hauv Daim Duab Ua Haujlwm yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov qauv khoom thiab cov qauv kev sib raug zoo.
Kauj Ruam 5. Cia peb txheeb xyuas cov ntawv sau rau ntawm "Txoj Cai Ua Lag Luam" taug qab, lawv muab ntau yam kev txwv thiab tej yam kev mob, uas maj mam hloov mus rau hauv cov kev cai uas tsis ua hauj lwm.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov duab kos (Kev Ua Haujlwm, Kev Siv-Cov Ntaub Ntawv, Chav Kawm) muab peb cov lus piav qhia raug cai nyob rau hauv cov lus nruj nruj, piv txwv li. muaj kev nyeem ntawv tsis meej. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem tsim cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, qhia meej cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, thiab lwm yam.
Cia peb pib ua qauv.
Theem 1. Piav txog cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug Activity diagram
Cia kuv ceeb toom rau koj tias peb tau teeb tsa daim duab qhia siv txoj kab "ua luam dej" txhua txoj kab muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm tib hom (Daim duab 2). Ntxiv rau cov duab kos duab tau piav qhia saum toj no, peb yuav siv cov ntsiab lus ntxiv, cia peb piav qhia lawv.
Kev txiav txim siab (Kev txiav txim siab) qhia txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm peb cov txheej txheem hauv daim duab, thiab kev sib koom ua ke (Merge) - lub ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov kev sib koom ua ke. Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev hloov pauv tau sau rau hauv square brackets ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Nruab nrab ntawm ob lub synchronizers (Fork) peb yuav pom cov txheej txheem sib txuas.
Peb cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem muaj qhov pib nkaus xwb - ib qho chaw nkag (Initial). Tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj ntau qhov ua tiav (Final), tab sis tsis yog rau peb daim duab tshwj xeeb.
Muaj ntau ntau cov xub; nrog rau ntau lub ntsiab lus thiab kev sib txuas, koj tuaj yeem ua ntej txheeb xyuas cov theem ntawm cov txheej txheem, thiab tom qab ntawd ua qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov theem no. Tab sis kom pom tseeb, kuv xav qhia peb cov txheej txheem "faj-tale" nkaus xwb ntawm ib daim duab, thaum, ntawm chav kawm, peb yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov xub "tsis txhob lo ua ke", nws yuav ua tau kom raug taug qab qhov sib txuas. rau dab tsi.
Daim duab 2. Daim duab kos duab - kev pom dav dav ntawm cov txheej txheem
Vim nyob rau hauv cov kab lus poetic, qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem raug tshem tawm, lawv yuav tsum tau rov qab los, lawv tau qhia los ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrog cov keeb kwm dawb. Cov ntsiab lus no suav nrog Kev Hloov/Tsev Txais rau Kev Cia thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab ntau yam kev tawm tswv yim thiab cov khoom tsim tawm. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias cov kauj ruam no kuj tsis qhia tag nrho cov txheej txheem, vim hais tias peb yuav tsum tau cais cov kauj ruam kis tau tus mob thiab cov kauj ruam txais tos, thiab txawm tias ntxiv cov kauj ruam cais rau cov plhaub, thiab tseem xav tias ua ntej tag nrho cov khoom siv tseem ceeb no yuav tsum tau khaws cia ib ntus, thiab lwm yam. thiab lwm yam.
Cia peb tseem nco ntsoov tias cov lus nug ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm txiv ntseej tseem tsis tau teb - lawv tuaj qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas lawv mus rau squirrel? Thiab lo lus nug no (nws yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv daim ntawv liab hauv daim ntawv - Cov Lus Cim) yuav tsum tau kawm cais! Qhov no yog li cas tus kws tshuaj ntsuam ua haujlwm - sau cov ntaub ntawv me ntsis, ua qhov kev xav thiab tau txais "okay" lossis "tsis ua li cas" los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij - tseem ceeb heev thiab tsuas yog cov neeg tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm theem ntawm kev lag luam qauv thaum tsim cov tshuab.
Nco ntsoov tias txheej txheem txheej txheem P5 muaj ob ntu.
Thiab peb yuav decompose txhua feem thiab xav txog nws kom ntxaws (Daim duab 3, daim duab 4), vim hais tias cov dej num uas tau ua nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb no yuav ua kom tiav.
Daim duab 3. Daim duab ua yeeb yam - nthuav dav (Pib 1)
Daim duab 4. Daim duab ua yeeb yam - nthuav dav (Pib 2)
Theem 2. Xaiv yam uas tuaj yeem siv tau
Cov kauj ruam uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov xim ntawm cov duab kos (saib daim duab 3, Daim duab 4).
Tag nrho cov no tau ua los ntawm ib tus neeg koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem - Tus Neeg Ua Haujlwm:
- Nkag cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov hnyav ntawm cov txiv ntoo rau hauv nqe lus;
- Nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev hloov ntawm cov txiv ntoo rau hauv nqe lus;
- Sau qhov tseeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txiv ntoo rau hauv lub plhaub thiab cov ntsiav;
- Nkag cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov noob txiv ntoo rau hauv nqe lus;
- Sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog txiv ntseej plhaub rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe.
Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov haujlwm ua tiav. Tom ntej no yog dab tsi?
Yog li, peb tau ua tiav ntau yam kev npaj ua haujlwm: peb tau sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov txheej txheem uas peb yuav mus automate; pib tsim kev pom zoo ntawm kev ua qauv (kom deb li deb tsuas yog hais txog kev siv Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm); ua ib simulation ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab txawm decomposed ob peb kauj ruam; Peb tau txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem cov kauj ruam uas peb yuav automate. Tam sim no peb tau npaj txav mus rau cov kauj ruam tom ntej thiab pib tsim cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm thiab lub koom haum sab hauv.
Raws li koj paub, kev xav tsis muaj kev xyaum tsis muaj dab tsi. Koj yuav tsum tau sim "ua qauv" nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, qhov no tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nkag siab txog txoj hauv kev. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv ib puag ncig kev ua qauv [3]. Peb tau decomposed tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem daim duab (saib daim duab 2). Raws li txoj haujlwm ua tau zoo, tej zaum koj yuav raug hais kom rov hais dua txhua daim duab qhia hauv Modelio ib puag ncig thiab ua qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm "Kev Hloov / Txais Kev Txais Kev Cia thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm" kauj ruam.
Peb tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab ua haujlwm hauv ib puag ncig kev ua qauv tshwj xeeb, tab sis qhov no yuav dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab tshuaj xyuas.
Hauv ntu thib ob ntawm tsab xov xwm, peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov qauv tsim thiab tsim cov txheej txheem tsim nyog nyob rau theem 3-5 peb yuav siv UML Use-case thiab Class diagrams. Yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv.
Cov npe ntawm qhov chaw
- Lub vev xaib "UML2.ru". Lub Rooj Sib Tham Zej Zog Analyst. Ntu General. Piv txwv. Piv txwv ntawm fairy tales formatted li UML daim duab. [Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob] Access hom: Internet:
- Sparx Systems lub vev xaib. [Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob] Access hom: Internet:
- Modelio lub website. [Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob] Access hom: Internet:
- Cov phau ntawv txhais lus loj Encyclopedic. Txheej txheem (kev txhais lus). [Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob] Access hom: Internet:
- Lub Vev Xaib "Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo". Blog. Qeb "Business Process Management". Txhais kev ua lag luam. [Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob] Access hom: Internet:
- Daim ntawv pov thawj No. 18249 ntawm kev sau npe thiab tso nyiaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev txawj ntse. Alfimov R.V., Zolotukhina E.B., Krasnikova S.A. Cov ntawv sau ntawm kev pab qhia ntawv hu ua "Kev tsim qauv ib cheeb tsam uas siv Enterprise Architect" // 2011.
- Zolotukhina E.B., Vishnya A.S., Krasnikova S.A. Kev ua lag luam kev ua qauv. β M.: COURSE, SIC INFRA-M, EBS Znanium.com. β 2017.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com