Peb tab tom tham txog lwm txoj hauv kev rau silicon.
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Moore Txoj Cai, Dennard Txoj Cai thiab Coomey Txoj Cai tau poob qhov tseeb. Ib qho laj thawj yog tias silicon transistors tau nce mus txog lawv txoj kev txwv. Peb tau tham txog lub ncauj lus no kom ntxaws . Niaj hnub no peb tab tom tham txog cov ntaub ntawv uas yav tom ntej tuaj yeem hloov silicon thiab txuas ntxiv qhov siv tau ntawm peb txoj cai lij choj, uas txhais tau hais tias nce kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov tshuab xam zauv uas siv lawv (xws li cov servers hauv cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv).
Cov pa roj carbon nanotubes
Cov pa roj carbon nanotubes yog cov thooj voos kheej kheej uas cov phab ntsa muaj ib txheej monatomic ntawm cov pa roj carbon. Lub vojvoog ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom yog me dua li ntawm silicon, yog li nanotube-based transistors muaj ntau dua electron txav thiab ceev tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, kev khiav hauj lwm ceev ntawm lub transistor nce thiab nws lub hwj chim noj tsawg. Los ntawm engineers los ntawm University of Wisconsin-Madison, productivity nce tsib npaug.
Qhov tseeb tias carbon nanotubes muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo dua li silicon tau paub ntev ntev - thawj cov transistors tau tshwm sim. . Tab sis tsis ntev los no tsuas yog muaj cov kws tshawb fawb tau tswj hwm kom dhau ntau qhov kev txwv thev naus laus zis txhawm rau tsim cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo. Peb xyoos dhau los, physicists los ntawm University of Wisconsin uas twb tau hais lawm tau nthuav tawm cov qauv ntawm nanotube-based transistor, uas ua tau zoo dua cov khoom siv niaj hnub silicon.
Ib daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom siv raws li cov pa roj carbon nanotubes yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov tau yooj yim. Tab sis txog tam sim no thev naus laus zis tsis tau dhau mus dhau qhov chaw sim thiab tsis muaj kev tham txog nws qhov kev siv loj.
Graphene nanoribbons
Lawv yog cov nqaim strips ob peb kaum nanometers dav thiab ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov transistors yav tom ntej. Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm graphene daim kab xev yog lub peev xwm los ua kom cov tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws siv lub teb sib nqus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, graphene hluav taws xob conductivity ntau dua silicon.
Los ntawm , processors raws li graphene transistors yuav muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm ntawm frequencies ze rau terahertz. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm zaus ntawm cov chips niaj hnub tau teeb tsa ntawm 4-5 gigahertz.
Thawj prototypes ntawm graphene transistors . Txij thaum ntawd los engineers cov txheej txheem ntawm "assembling" cov khoom siv raws li lawv. Tsis ntev los no, thawj cov txiaj ntsig tau txais - pab pawg tsim tawm los ntawm University of Cambridge thaum Lub Peb Hlis txog kev tso tawm rau hauv kev tsim khoom . Cov kws kho tsheb hais tias cov cuab yeej tshiab tuaj yeem ua kom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm nrawm dua kaum npaug.
Hafnium dioxide thiab selenide
Hafnium dioxide kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov microcircuits . Nws yog siv los ua ib txheej insulating ntawm lub rooj vag transistor. Tab sis niaj hnub no engineers npaj siv nws los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm silicon transistors.
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Thaum ntxov xyoo tas los, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Stanford , hais tias yog cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm hafnium dioxide reorganized nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb, ces nws (lub luag haujlwm rau lub peev xwm ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob) yuav nce ntau tshaj plaub zaug. Yog tias koj siv cov khoom siv zoo li no thaum tsim cov rooj vag transistor, koj tuaj yeem txo qhov cuam tshuam .
Thiab cov kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas txo qhov loj ntawm cov transistors niaj hnub siv hafnium thiab zirconium selenides. Lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho zoo insulator rau transistors es tsis txhob siv silicon oxide. Selenides muaj qhov tuab me me (peb atoms), thaum tuav qhov sib txawv band zoo. Qhov no yog qhov taw qhia uas txiav txim siab lub zog siv ntawm lub transistor. Engineers twb muaj lawm ntau cov qauv ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv raws li hafnium thiab zirconium selenides.
Tam sim no engineers yuav tsum daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib txuas xws li transistors - los tsim cov kev sib cuag me me rau lawv. Tsuas yog tom qab qhov no yuav tuaj yeem tham txog kev tsim khoom loj.
Molybdenum disulfide
Molybdenum sulfide nws tus kheej yog ib tug tsis zoo semiconductor, uas yog inferior nyob rau hauv cov khoom rau silicon. Tab sis ib pawg ntawm physicists los ntawm University of Notre Dame nrhiav pom tias nyias molybdenum films (ib atom tuab) muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb - transistors raws li lawv tsis dhau tam sim no thaum muab tua thiab yuav tsum muaj zog me ntsis hloov. Qhov no tso cai rau lawv ua haujlwm ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsawg.
Molybdenum transistor qauv hauv chav kuaj. Lawrence Berkeley hauv 2016. Cov cuab yeej tsuas yog ib nanometer dav. Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias cov transistors no yuav pab txuas ntxiv Moore Txoj Cai.
Tsis tas li ntawd molybdenum disulfide transistor xyoo tas los engineers los ntawm South Kauslim University. Cov thev naus laus zis tau xav tias yuav pom daim ntawv thov hauv kev tswj xyuas ntawm OLED cov lus qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem tsis tau tham txog kev tsim khoom loj ntawm cov transistors.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Stanford hais tias niaj hnub infrastructure rau zus tau tej cov transistors yuav tsum rebuilt ua hauj lwm nrog "molybdenum" li ntawm tus nqi tsawg. Txawm hais tias nws yuav ua tau los siv cov haujlwm zoo li no tseem yuav pom yav tom ntej.
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