IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhim kho Internet raws tu qauv thiab kev tsim qauv, tau ua tiav qhov tsim ntawm RFC rau HTTP / 3.0 raws tu qauv thiab luam tawm cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb raws li tus cim RFC 9114 ( raws tu qauv) thiab RFC 9204 ( QPACK header compression technology rau HTTP / 3). HTTP / 3.0 specification tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm "Tshaj Tawm Tus Qauv", tom qab ntawd kev ua haujlwm yuav pib muab RFC cov xwm txheej ntawm tus qauv qauv (Draft Standard), uas txhais tau tias ua tiav kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab suav nrog txhua tus. cov lus tau ua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau HTTP / 1.1 (RFC 9112) thiab HTTP / 2.0 (RFC 9113) raws tu qauv tau tshaj tawm, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv txhais cov ntsiab lus ntawm HTTP thov (RFC 9110) thiab HTTP caching tswj headers (RFC 9111).
HTTP/3 raws tu qauv qhia txog kev siv QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) raws tu qauv raws li kev thauj mus los rau HTTP/2. QUIC yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm UDP raws tu qauv uas txhawb nqa kev sib txuas ntawm ntau qhov sib txuas thiab muab cov txheej txheem encryption sib npaug rau TLS / SSL. Cov txheej txheem tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 2013 los ntawm Google ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau TCP + TLS ua ke rau lub vev xaib, daws teeb meem nrog kev sib txuas ntev thiab lub sijhawm sib tham hauv TCP thiab tshem tawm qhov qeeb thaum pob ntawv poob thaum hloov cov ntaub ntawv.
Tam sim no, QUIC thiab HTTP / 3.0 kev txhawb nqa twb tau ua tiav hauv txhua qhov web browsers nrov (hauv Chrome, Firefox thiab Edge, HTTP / 3 kev txhawb nqa yog qhib los ntawm lub neej ntawd, thiab hauv Safari nws yuav tsum tau "Advanced> Experimental Features> HTTP / 3" teeb tsa yuav tsum tau enabled). Nyob rau sab server, HTTP / 3 kev siv yog muaj rau nginx (nyob rau hauv ib ceg cais thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug cais module), Caddy, IIS thiab LiteSpeed. HTTP / 3 kev txhawb nqa kuj yog muab los ntawm Cloudflare cov ntsiab lus xa khoom network.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm QUIC:
- Kev ruaj ntseg siab zoo ib yam li TLS (qhov tseem ceeb QUIC muab lub peev xwm los siv TLS dhau UDP);
- Flow integrity tswj, tiv thaiv pob ntawv poob;
- Lub peev xwm los tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas tam sim ntawd (0-RTT, kwv yees li 75% ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem xa tawm tam sim tom qab xa cov pob ntawv teeb tsa kev sib txuas) thiab muab kev ncua tsawg kawg ntawm kev xa daim ntawv thov thiab tau txais cov lus teb (RTT, Lub Sijhawm Round Trip);
- Siv tus lej sib txawv thaum rov xa ib pob ntawv, uas zam qhov tsis meej pem hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov pob ntawv tau txais thiab tshem tawm lub sijhawm;
- Kev poob ntawm ib pob ntawv cuam tshuam tsuas yog kev xa tawm ntawm cov kwj cuam tshuam nrog nws thiab tsis txwv kev xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov kwj sib luag uas kis tau los ntawm kev sib txuas tam sim no;
- Kev kho cov yam ntxwv ua yuam kev uas txo qis qeeb vim rov xa cov pob ntawv ploj. Kev siv cov lej kho qhov yuam kev tshwj xeeb ntawm qib pob ntawv txhawm rau txo cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau rov xa cov ntaub ntawv ploj lawm.
- Cryptographic thaiv ciam teb yog ua raws li QUIC pob ntawv ciam teb, uas txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm pob ntawv poob ntawm kev txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pob ntawv tom ntej;
- Tsis muaj teeb meem nrog TCP kab thaiv;
- Kev them nyiaj yug rau kev sib txuas tus cim, uas txo lub sijhawm nws yuav siv los tsim kev sib txuas rau cov neeg siv khoom txawb;
- Muaj peev xwm txuas cov kev sib txuas siab heev congestion tswj mechanisms;
- Siv cov kev taw qhia los ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev kwv yees los xyuas kom meej tias cov pob ntawv raug xa mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob thiab ua rau pob ntawv poob;
- Qhov tseem ceeb nce hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab dhau los piv rau TCP. Rau cov kev pabcuam video xws li YouTube, QUIC tau pom tias txo qis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thaum saib cov yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm 30%.
Ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv HTTP / 1.1 specification, ib tus tuaj yeem nco txog kev txwv tsis pub siv cov tsheb thauj mus los (CR) tus cwj pwm sab nraud nrog cov ntsiab lus, piv txwv li. Hauv cov ntsiab lus raws tu qauv, tus cwj pwm CR tsuas tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog cov kab noj zaub mov (CRLF). Cov chunked thov layout algorithm tau txhim kho kom yooj yim rau kev sib cais ntawm cov teb thiab cov seem nrog cov headers. Ntxiv cov lus pom zoo rau kev tuav cov ntsiab lus tsis meej los thaiv "HTTP Thov Smuggling" kev tawm tsam, uas tso cai rau peb los txiav txim siab peb tus kheej rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lwm tus neeg siv cov lus thov hauv kev ntws ntawm cov frontend thiab backend.
HTTP / 2.0 specification hloov tshiab qhia meej txog kev txhawb nqa rau TLS 1.3. Deprecated tus txheej txheem tseem ceeb thiab cuam tshuam cov ntsiab lus. Cov txheej txheem tsis siv los hloov kho qhov txuas nrog HTTP / 1.1 tau tshaj tawm tias tsis siv lawm. Txo qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov npe thiab cov nqi. Ib co yav tas los reserved thav duab hom thiab parameters yog npaj rau siv. Txwv tsis pub header teb hais txog kev sib txuas yog txhais tau meej dua.
Tau qhov twg los: opennet.ru