Nyob zoo %username%.
Raws li ib txwm, kuv yuav tsis calm down.
Thiab yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog iodine pentafluoride thiab !
Feem ntau, peb txhua tus (cia siab) nco txog qhov pib ntawm Ridley Scott txoj haujlwm thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo nkauj "Alien", uas kuv pom zoo, txawm tias nws yog xyoo 1979. Thaum kawg ntawm tsab xov xwm no, kuv yuav ua pov thawj tias cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis yog txias xwb - nws yog SCIENTIFIC!
Thiab rau qhov no peb yuav ua rau peb nco thiab nco txog qhov kawg: Ripley boards lub shuttle thiab mam li nco dheev pom ib tug Alien nyob ntawd.
Thiab tam sim no yuav muaj ib co duab, nco sov thiab chemistry.
Thaum nrhiav tau tus neeg txawv teb chaws, Ripley txiav txim siab los tshuab cov pa tshwj xeeb rau nws. Hu nkauj txog lub hnub qub muaj hmoo, Ripley qhib lub vaj huam sib luag yooj yim no.
Tshwj xeeb gases ntawm lub shuttle
Cov npe yog ntau tshaj qhov nthuav:
- A. Iodine pentafluoride.
- B. Isobutane.
- C. Methyl chloride.
- D. Nitrosyl chloride.
- E. Methyl bromide.
- F. Isobutylene.
- G. Phosphine.
- N. Silan.
- I. Perfluoropropane.
- J. Phosgene.
- K. Ib yam dab tsi nrog "A", argon? Kuv tsis paub, kuv ua tsis tau nws tawm.
Yog li, Ripley sim fumigate peb tus phooj ywg ua ntej nrog iodine pentafluoride:
Ua ntej sim
Lub Alien qee yam tsis ua kev zoo siab rau cov kev ua no ntau.
Tom qab ntawd peb fumigate nrog methyl chloride.
Thib ob sim
Kuj zero rau hauv av.
Thib peb - ββhmoov zoo! Peb fumigate tus tsiaj nrog nitrosyl chloride.
Thib peb sim
Thiab ntawm no tuaj wriggling thiab pov
Nws tag nrho xaus nrog raug muab pov rau hauv qhov chaw thiab hlawv hauv cov pa tawm ntawm lub cav.
Los ntawm txoj kev, Alien tsis hlawv nyob rau hauv lub tso pa, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb
Tam sim no cia saib seb peb pom dab tsi.
Cov pa roj li cas?
"Tshwj xeeb Gases ntawm Shuttle" yog qhov txawv txawv tiag tiag.
1. Iodine pentafluoride IF5
Zoo, qhov tseeb, iodine pentafluoride tsis yog roj, tab sis cov kua daj hnyav nrog qhov kub ntawm 97,85 Β° C. , qhov no yog ib tug muaj zog fluoridating tus neeg sawv cev, uas yog, yog hais tias peb cov tsiaj me raug tshuab nrog cov khib nyiab ntawm qhov kub ntawm boiling dej, nws yog tenacious tiag tiag! Ntau cov lus nug raug tsa los ntawm dab tsi lub shuttle nws tus kheej yog ua los ntawm, txij li thaum iodine pentafluoride yooj yim puas tsis tsuas yog hlau, tab sis kuj iav. Kuj nug txog Ripley's spacesuit - tab sis qhov ntawd yog nws.
2. Isobutane CH (CH3) 3
Isobutane yog ib qho hluav taws xob uas muaj hluav taws xob ntau (los ntawm txoj kev, nrog tus lej octane ntawm 100), tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv thiab ua kom txias. Ripley tsis siv nws - thiab yog li ntawd: yog tias iodine pentafluoride tsis tau muab cov txiaj ntsig, dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb? Ntxiv mus, tej zaum yuav muaj sparks nyob rau tom qab, uas txhais tau tias nws yuav tau tawg.
3. Methyl chloride CH3Cl
Methyl chloride yog xim tsis muaj xim, muaj kuab lom nrog cov ntxhiab tsw qab. Vim tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw, tshuaj lom lossis tawg ntau tuaj yeem plam tau yooj yim. Chloromethane kuj tau siv yav dhau los ua cov tub yees, tab sis vim nws cov tshuaj lom thiab tawg nws tsis siv rau hauv lub luag haujlwm no lawm. Kev siv tseem ceeb tam sim no: polymer ntau lawm, ua tus neeg sawv cev methylating hauv cov organic synthesis, ua cov roj foob pob hluav taws, ua cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis, ua kua rau cov khoom siv thermometric thiab thermostatic, ua tshuaj tua kab (tseem txwv vim muaj tshuaj lom).
Lub toxicity ntawm methyl chloride yog txuam nrog nws hydrolysis rau methyl cawv - thiab tom qab ntawd, raws li kuv twb tau sau rau hauv .
Ripley tsis paub txog biochemistry, lossis cia siab tias Alien kuj muaj cawv dehydrogenase hauv nws lub cev, thiab tuaj yeem haus nrog nws. Tab sis, raws li kev cia siab, qhov ua kom yuam kev tsis ua haujlwm - Ripley qhov kev sim thib ob ua tsis tiav.
4. Nitrosyl chloride NOCl
Nitrosyl chloride yog cov pa roj liab, muaj kuab lom, nrog rau cov ntxhiab tsw phem. Nws yog feem ntau pom raws li cov khoom ntawm cov txheej txheem decomposition ntawm aqua regia - sib tov ntawm hydrochloric thiab nitric acids - qhov no yog dab tsi nws stinks ntawm thiab nws tus Tsov tus tw nce saum nws thaum rhuab (steamed nrog nitrogen oxides). Kuv tseem tham txog nws thiab .
Nitrosyl chloride yog dav siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev chlorinating; los ntawm txoj kev, nws tau sau npe ua zaub mov ntxiv nrog Performance index E919 - raws li kev txhim kho thiab xim stabilizer rau cov khoom ci. Qee lub sij hawm nws kuj tau siv los ntxuav thiab tua cov dej haus.
Nitrosyl chloride tsawg heev yog siv hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus; tib lub sijhawm, hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, cov tshuaj no ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj tshaj plaws rau lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Inhalation ntawm nws cov vapors ua rau mob heev ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias, pulmonary edema, bronchospasm, asthmatic nres, raws li zoo raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam tshwm sim ntawm ua pa tsis ua hauj lwm. Kev sib cuag ntawm lub cev ua rau muaj tshuaj lom neeg hlawv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias Alien tsis nyiam nws heev.
5. Methyl bromide CH3Br
Nws tus cwj pwm zoo ib yam li methyl chloride. Tsis tas li ntawd, tshwj tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov organic synthesis, nws yog siv los ua ib tug fumigant rau tshuaj tua kab mob nroj tsuag cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm scale kab, cuav nplai kab thiab mealybugs, raws li zoo raws li rau kev tswj cov kab tsuag ntawm stocks, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshiab thiab qhuav zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab tsawg dua rau cov nplej. ua. Raws li ib tug fumigant nws yog txwv tsis pub siv vim muaj toxicity raws li Montreal Protocol.
Nws kuj tau siv rau hauv kev ua cov khaub ncaws siv, tab sis ntawm no ib yam nkaus nws raug tso tseg vim muaj tshuaj lom (yog li koj tuaj yeem nyab xeeb mus rau SecondHand).
Ripley yeej muaj cai tsis siv nws - dab tsi yog lub ntsiab lus yog tias methyl chloride tsis pab?
6. Isobutylene CH2C (CH3) 2
Cov pa roj carbon monoxide feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov polymers. Tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb, cov nyhuv yuav zoo ib yam li isobutane.
7. Phosphine PH3
Cov pa phem cuam tshuam cov metabolism thiab cuam tshuam rau hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb; nws tseem cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha, cov kab mob ua pa, lub siab, thiab lub raum. Nws tau raug suav hais tias yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev ua tsov rog tshuaj - thiab los ntawm txoj kev, ib qho ntawm cov khoom muaj kuab lom ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov phosphorus daj nrog dej (dua qhov siv rau ). Cov roj ntshiab tsis muaj ntxhiab; cov pa roj muaj cov impurities, uas yog vim li cas nws tsw tsw zoo li ntses lwj.
Phosphine yog siv nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm organophosphates, raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm phosphorus impurities nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov semiconductors, thiab kuj raws li ib tug fumigant - ib tug lwm txoj rau cov txwv tsis pub methyl bromide. Thaj, los ntawm kev sib piv nrog methyl bromide thiab methyl chloride, Ripley txiav txim siab tias phosphine yuav tsis pab.
8. Silane, los yog monosilane SiH4
Cov roj tsis muaj xim nrog cov ntxhiab tsw tsw qab. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen, monosilane oxidizes sai heev txawm nyob rau hauv cov kua huab cua kub. Lawv sau tias silane muaj tshuaj lom nrog LC50 ntawm 0,96% rau cov nas - tab sis nkag siab txog cov khoom ntawm silane thiab qhov xav tau rau nas ua pa ib yam dab tsi, ces cov nas tsuas yog suffocated los ntawm qhov tsis muaj oxygen, los yog lawv hlawv hauv nplaim taws, los yog .
Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov organic synthesis (kev npaj ntawm organosilicon polymers, thiab lwm yam), raws li ib tug ntawm cov ntshiab silicon rau lub microelectronics kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm crystalline thiab nyias-film photoconverters raws li silicon, LCD cov ntxaij vab tshaus, substrates thiab txheej txheej txheej txheem. ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, nrog rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ultra-ntshiab polysilicon.
Kuv xav tias Ripley yeej ntshai hluav taws, thiab yog li ntawd tsis siv silane ntawm Alien.
9. Perfluoropropane C3F8
Perfluoropropane yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm perfluorinated hydrocarbons. Nws tuaj yeem siv ua lub tub yees. Tsawg-flammable, non-explosive, low-toxic. Zoo li tag nrho cov perfluorocarbons, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau lub tsev cog khoom muaj zog ntau pua lub sij hawm muaj zog dua CO2, uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua kom zoo. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws tsis tsim ib lub tsev cog khoom nyhuv.
Ripley, pom tau hais tias, txiav txim siab tias perfluoropropane yuav tsis siv, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog rau cov tsiaj ua pa uas ua pa oxygen - tab sis xav txog yuav ua li cas Alien nquag jerked hauv qhov chaw, nws tsis yog ib qho kev xaiv.
10. Phosgene COCl2
Ib qho kev xaiv zoo ntawm tshuaj lom rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu - Kuv tab tom tham txog nws . Kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov organic synthesis.
Pom tau tias, Ripley nkag siab tias Alien txawv dhau los ntawm biology ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, thiab yog li ntawd tsis xaiv phosgene. Tej zaum nws yuav yog "tus naj npawb plaub" tom qab nitrosyl chloride. Nws tsis paub ntawm no.
11. Huh? Argon?
Tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb ntawm tag nrho - ib qho roj inert. Tsis cuam tshuam nrog dab tsi.
Kuj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, zoo li perfluoropropane.
tshawb pom
- Ripley, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ntxhov siab, ua tib zoo thiab txhob txwm tshaj tawm: nws tiv thaiv hluav taws, ua tib zoo xaiv cov pa luam yeeb rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws - txhua yam tau ua tiav.
- Nws tsis paub meej tias Alien muaj dab tsi? Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ua rau nws cov qaub ncaug, nws muaj qee yam xws li chlorine trifluoride, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws qhov kub yuav tsum qis dua +12 Β° C, txwv tsis pub cov tshuaj no yuav boil. Nws cov ntshav yog tsim los ntawm bromine fluorides (Kuv tab tom tham txog lawv )? Tom qab ntawd nws yog dab tsi: nws tsis ntshai ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis nws muaj qhov nthuav dav coefficient thaum rhuab - nco ntsoov qhov kawg ntawm Alien 3, qhov twg tom qab molten lead nws muaj peev xwm tawg nws nrog dej txau. Organosilicon tsis haum - fluorides yuav yaj nws. Qee hom organofluorine? Tab sis vim li cas thiaj li nitrosyl chloride ua haujlwm? Ntawm no cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab tau tso qhov tsis paub.
- Nws tsis paub meej tias lub nkoj yog dab tsi: nws tsis ntshai ntawm kub iodine pentafluoride, nitrosyl chloride - tab sis noj txoj cai los ntawm Alien cov qaub ncaug. Yog tias Alien cov ntshav muaj super acids (nyeem txog lawv hauv ), ces qhov tsis kam rau gases yog txawv. Yog tias muaj cov tshuaj fluoride halogens hauv cov ntshav ntawm ib tug neeg txawv teb chaws, nws yog qhov txawv txav uas lub nkoj tau noj los ntawm lawv, tab sis iodine pentafluoride ciaj sia. Qhov thib ob paub tsis meej.
- Lub lag luam tug Nostromo, los yog lub tsheb cawm, yog npaj txhij txog nruab nrog gases tsim nyog rau cov organic synthesis (fluorination, methylation, polymer tshua, chlorination), gases rau kho cov qoob loo tiv thaiv kab tsuag, roj gases, tub yees, raw khoom rau semiconductor ntau lawm thiab gases. rau terraforming. Puas yog nws xav tias tus astronaut yuav siv high-tech kom ciaj sia? Ntawm qhov tod tes, yav tom ntej nyob deb (tus thawj version ntawm tsab ntawv hais txog 2087) ...
- "Alien" yog cov yeeb yaj kiab txias tshaj plaws. Tsis zoo li lwm cov yeeb yaj kiab Hollywood, nws tau xav txog txawm tias cov ntsiab lus tshuaj lom neeg.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com