Disk subsystem, I / O thiab cov ntaub ntawv systems
Rau Btrfs cov ntaub ntawv system ntxiv asynchronous kev siv ntawm DISCARD lub lag luam (kos npe dawb blocks uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau khaws cia lub cev lawm). Thaum pib, DISCARD cov haujlwm tau ua tiav synchronously, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo vim cov tsav tsheb tos rau cov lus txib kom ua tiav. Kev siv asynchronous tso cai rau koj tsis txhob tos lub tsav kom tiav DISCARD thiab ua qhov haujlwm no hauv keeb kwm yav dhau.
Hauv XFS ua tau Kev tu cov cai uas siv cov qub 32-ntsis sij hawm txee (lub sij hawm_t hom tau hloov los ntawm time64_t), ua rau 2038 teeb meem. Kho qhov yuam kev thiab nco kev noj nyiaj txiag uas tshwm sim ntawm 32-ntsis platforms. Cov cai tau rov ua haujlwm dua los ua haujlwm nrog cov cwj pwm txuas ntxiv.
Rau ext4 file system qhia paub Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo cuam tshuam nrog kev tuav inode xauv thaum ua haujlwm nyeem thiab sau ntawv. Txhim kho kev sau ntawv rov zoo hauv Direct I/O hom. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev kuaj mob ntawm cov teeb meem, thawj zaug thiab zaum kawg cov lej yuam kev raug muab khaws cia hauv superblock.
Ntawm F2FS cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus ua raws muaj peev xwm khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim ntawv compressed. Rau ib tus neeg cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov npe, compression tuaj yeem siv tau siv cov lus txib "chattr +c file" lossis "chattr +c dir; kov dir/file". Txhawm rau txhawm rau tag nrho cov kev faib tawm, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov "-o compress_extension = ext" kev xaiv hauv mount utility.
Lub kernel suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus Cheeb Tsam, uas yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm qis nrog zoned cia khoom siv. Zoned drives txhais tau tias cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau nplaum nyuaj lossis NVMe SSDs, qhov chaw khaws cia uas tau muab faib ua cov cheeb tsam uas tsim cov pab pawg ntawm cov blocks lossis cov sectors, uas tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas ntxiv tau tso cai, hloov kho tag nrho pawg blocks. FS ZoneFS tau tsim los ntawm Western Digital thiab koom nrog txhua cheeb tsam hauv kev tsav tsheb nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib cais uas tuaj yeem siv los khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv hom nyoos yam tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm cov haujlwm thiab qib thaiv, piv txwv li. Tso cai rau cov ntawv thov siv cov ntaub ntawv API es tsis txhob nkag mus ncaj qha rau lub cuab yeej thaiv siv ioctl.
Hauv NFS, mounting partitions dhau UDP yog neeg xiam los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau lub peev xwm los luam cov ntaub ntawv ncaj qha ntawm cov servers, txhais hauv NFS 4.2 specification. Ntxiv qhov kev xaiv mount tshiab "softreval", uas tso cai rau cached attribute qhov tseem ceeb siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm server tsis ua hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, thaum qhia txog qhov kev xaiv no, tom qab lub server tsis muaj, nws tseem tuaj yeem txav mus raws txoj hauv kev hauv NFS muab faib thiab nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv uas tau teeb tsa hauv lub cache.
Ua tiav optimization ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm fs-verity mechanism, siv los saib xyuas kev ncaj ncees thiab kev lees paub ntawm tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv. Nce kev nyeem ntawv nrawm ua tsaug rau kev siv Merkle hash tsob ntoo. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm FS_IOC_ENABLE_VERITY tau ua kom zoo thaum tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub cache (preemptive nyeem cov nplooj ntawv nrog cov ntaub ntawv tau siv).
Virtualization thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg
Lub peev xwm los lov tes taw SELinux module thaum khiav tau raug deprecated, thiab unloading ib tug twb qhib SELinux yuav raug txwv nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Txhawm rau lov tes taw SELinux koj yuav tsum dhau qhov "selinux = 0" parameter ntawm kab hais kom ua kernel.
Ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau namespaces rau lub sij hawm (lub sij hawm namespaces), tso cai rau koj los khi lub xeev ntawm lub kaw lus moos rau lub thawv (CLOCK_REALTIME,
CLOCK_MONOTONIC, CLOCK_BOOTTIME), siv koj tus kheej lub sijhawm hauv lub thawv thiab, thaum tsiv lub thawv mus rau lwm tus tswv tsev, xyuas kom meej tias CLOCK_MONOTONIC thiab CLOCK_BOOTTIME nyeem ntawv tseem tsis hloov pauv (coj mus rau lub sijhawm tom qab thauj khoom, nrog lossis tsis suav rau hauv kev pw tsaug zog ).
Cov /dev/random thaiv pas tau raug tshem tawm. Tus cwj pwm ntawm /dev/random yog zoo ib yam li /dev/urandom hais txog kev tiv thaiv entropy thaiv tom qab lub pas dej ua ke pib.
Cov core kernel suav nrog tus tsav tsheb uas tso cai rau cov qhua siv VirtualBox rau mount cov npe xa tawm los ntawm tus tswv tsev (VirtualBox Shared Folder).
Ib txheej ntawm thaj ua rau thaj tau ntxiv rau BPF subsystem (BPF dispatcher), thaum siv Retpoline mechanism los tiv thaiv Spectre V2 chav kawm tawm tsam, nws tso cai rau koj kom ua tau zoo ntawm kev hu xov tooj rau BPF cov kev pab cuam thaum cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog lawv tshwm sim (piv txwv li, nws ua rau nws tuaj yeem ua kom ceev cov kev hu xov tooj ntawm XDP thaum muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim. network pob khoom tuaj txog).
Ntxiv tsav tsheb los txhawb TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) ua rau AMD APUs.
Kev pabcuam nco thiab system
BPF tau ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau kev ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb. Txoj kev loj hlob tau ua raws li ib feem ntawm kev pib los ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm cov haujlwm uas tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv BPF cov haujlwm. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej no yuav yog los txhawb kev txhawb nqa dynamic uas tso cai rau lub ntiaj teb ua haujlwm kom thauj khoom, suav nrog kev hloov cov haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb uas twb muaj lawm thaum lawv siv. BPF subsystem kuj ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau qhov sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv qhia kev ua haujlwm (siv los khaws cov ntaub ntawv tsis tu ncua), uas txhawb nqa kev ua tiav hauv batch hom.
Ntxiv Lub "cpu_cooling" ntaus ntawv tso cai rau koj kom txias lub CPU overheated los ntawm muab tso rau hauv lub xeev tsis ua haujlwm rau lub sijhawm luv luv.
Ntxiv qhov system hu pidfd_getfd(), tso cai rau tus txheej txheem los muab cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia rau cov ntaub ntawv qhib los ntawm lwm cov txheej txheem.
Ua tiav lub "bootconfig" mechanism, uas tso cai, ntxiv rau cov kev xaiv kab lus, los txiav txim qhov tsis muaj ntawm cov ntsiav los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa. Txhawm rau ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no rau cov duab initramfs, bootconfig tau thov. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv, piv txwv li, los teeb tsa kprobes thaum lub sijhawm khau raj.
Rov ua dua ib lub tswv yim rau tos kev sau ntawv thiab nyeem cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov kav dej tsis muaj npe. Qhov kev hloov pauv tau ua kom ceev cov haujlwm xws li kev sib dhos ua ke ntawm cov haujlwm loj. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua kom zoo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tw hauv GNU ua vim muaj kab laum hauv 4.2.1 tso tawm, uas tau kho hauv version 4.3.
Specification txhawb nqa USB 4.0, uas yog raws li Thunderbolt 3 raws tu qauv thiab muab kev xa mus txog 40 Gbps, thaum tswj kev rov qab sib raug zoo nrog USB 2.0 thiab USB 3.2. Los ntawm analogy nrog Thunderbolt USB 4.0 interface tso cai rau koj los tsim cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm ib lub cable nrog ib qho txuas Hom-C, suav nrog PCIe, Display Port thiab USB 3.x, nrog rau kev siv software ntawm cov txheej txheem, piv txwv li, rau kev teeb tsa kev sib txuas hauv network ntawm cov tswv. Qhov kev siv ua rau ntawm Thunderbolt tsav tsheb twb tau suav nrog hauv Linux ntsiav thiab hloov nws mus ua haujlwm nrog USB4-compatible hosts thiab khoom siv. Cov kev hloov pauv tseem ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau Thunderbolt 3 cov khoom siv rau kev siv software ntawm Tus Thawj Tswj Kev Sib Txuas, uas yog lub luag haujlwm tsim cov tunnels rau kev sib txuas ntau yam khoom siv los ntawm ib qho txuas.
Hauv amdgpu tsav tsheb ntxiv kev txhawb nqa thawj zaug rau HDCP 2.x (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection) luam thev naus laus zis tiv thaiv. Ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau AMD Pollock ASIC nti raws li Raven 2. Ua kom muaj peev xwm rov pib dua GPU rau Renoir thiab Navi tsev neeg.
DRM tsav tsheb rau Intel video phaib ntxiv DSI VDSC kev txhawb nqa rau cov chips raws li Ice Lake thiab Tiger Lake microarchitecture, LMEM mmap (device local memory) tau siv, VBT (Video BIOS Table) parsing tau raug txhim kho, HDCP 2.2 kev txhawb nqa tau siv rau Coffee Lake chips.
Ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm amdkfd tus tsav tsheb code (rau discrete GPUs, xws li Fiji, Tonga, Polaris) nrog tus tsav tsheb amdgpu.
Tus tsav tsheb k10temp tau rov ua haujlwm dua, ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau kev nthuav tawm qhov hluav taws xob thiab qhov ntsuas tam sim no rau AMD Zen CPUs, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav los ntawm cov ntsuas kub siv hauv Zen thiab Zen 2 CPUs.
Hauv tus tsav tsheb nouveau ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau kev txheeb xyuas firmware loading hom rau NVIDIA GPUs raws li Turing microarchitecture (GeForce RTX 2000), uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev txhawb nqa rau 3D acceleration rau cov ntawv teev lus no (downloading official firmware with an NVIDIA digital kos npe yog xav tau). Ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau TU10x graphics engine. Cov teeb meem nrog HD Audio tau raug daws lawm.