Cov lus qhuab qhia no tsis yog nyob rau lub sijhawm, tab sis yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv kom tsis txhob muaj lub qhov rais ntawm cov chav kawm. Cov lus qhuab qhia yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm peb paub qhov peb paub, yog tias, tau kawg, peb yeej paub nws. Lub ntsiab lus no yog qhov qub raws li lub sijhawm - nws tau tham txog 4000 xyoo dhau los, yog tias tsis ntev dua. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim, ib lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb tau tsim los qhia nws - epistemology, los yog science ntawm kev paub.
Kuv xav pib nrog cov pab pawg neeg qub ntawm yav dhau los nyob deb. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj ib tug dab neeg hais txog kev tsim lub ntiaj teb no. Raws li ib tug Japanese kev ntseeg thaum ub, ib tug neeg nplawm cov av nkos, los ntawm splashes ntawm cov Islands tuaj. Lwm haiv neeg kuj muaj cov lus dab neeg zoo sib xws: piv txwv li, cov neeg Ixayees ntseeg tias Vajtswv tsim lub ntiaj teb rau rau hnub, tom qab ntawd nws tau nkees thiab ua tiav kev tsim. Tag nrho cov dab neeg no zoo ib yam - txawm tias lawv cov phiaj xwm muaj ntau haiv neeg, lawv txhua tus sim piav qhia vim li cas lub ntiaj teb no tshwm sim. Kuv yuav hu qhov no mus kom ze theological vim hais tias nws tsis koom nrog cov lus piav qhia uas tsis yog "nws tshwm sim los ntawm lub siab nyiam ntawm cov vajtswv; lawv tau ua qhov lawv xav tias tsim nyog, thiab qhov ntawd yog li cas lub ntiaj teb tau los ua. "
Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX BC. e. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws thaum ub pib nug cov lus nug tshwj xeeb - lub ntiaj teb no muaj dab tsi, nws yog dab tsi, thiab tseem sim ua kom lawv muaj kev sib haum xeeb es tsis yog kev ntseeg. Raws li paub, lawv tau hais txog cov ntsiab lus: lub ntiaj teb, hluav taws, dej thiab huab cua; lawv muaj ntau lub tswv yim thiab kev ntseeg, thiab maj mam tab sis muaj tseeb tag nrho cov no tau hloov mus rau hauv peb cov tswv yim niaj hnub ntawm qhov peb paub. Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab lus no tau ua rau tib neeg xav tsis thoob txhua lub sijhawm, thiab txawm tias cov neeg Greek thaum ub xav tsis thoob li cas lawv paub lawv paub.
Raws li koj yuav nco qab los ntawm peb cov kev sib tham txog kev ua lej, cov Greeks thaum ub tau ntseeg tias geometry, uas lawv cov lej raug txwv, yog qhov kev paub tseeb thiab tsis txaus ntseeg kiag li. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Maurice Kline, tus sau phau ntawv "Mathematics," qhia. Poob qhov tseeb,” uas feem ntau cov lej yuav pom zoo, tsis muaj qhov tseeb hauv lej. Kev ua lej tsuas yog muab qhov sib xws uas muab cov cai ntawm kev xav. Yog tias koj hloov cov cai no lossis cov kev xav tau siv, cov lej yuav txawv heev. Tsis muaj qhov tseeb tiag, tsuas yog tej zaum Kaum Nqe Lus Qhia (yog tias koj yog ib tug ntseeg), tab sis, alas, tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog peb qhov kev sib tham. Nws tsis kaj siab.
Tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv qee txoj hauv kev thiab tau txais cov lus xaus sib txawv. Descartes, tau txiav txim siab qhov kev xav ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ua ntej nws, tau nqis rov qab thiab nug cov lus nug: "Kuv tuaj yeem paub tseeb li cas?"; Raws li cov lus teb, nws xaiv cov nqe lus "Kuv xav tias, yog li kuv yog." Los ntawm cov lus no nws tau sim muab lub tswv yim thiab tau txais ntau yam kev paub. Qhov kev xav no tsis tau lees paub zoo, yog li peb tsis tau txais kev paub. Kant tau sib cav tias txhua tus neeg yug los nrog kev paub ruaj khov ntawm Euclidean geometry, thiab ntau yam ntawm lwm yam, uas txhais tau hais tias muaj kev paub hauv lub cev uas tau muab, yog tias koj nyiam, los ntawm Vajtswv. Hmoov tsis zoo, ib yam li Kant tau sau nws cov kev xav, cov lej tau tsim cov duab tsis-Euclidean uas zoo ib yam li lawv cov qauv. Nws hloov tawm tias Kant tau ntuav cov lus rau cua, ib yam li yuav luag txhua tus neeg uas sim xav txog qhov nws paub qhov nws paub.
Qhov no yog ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, vim hais tias kev tshawb fawb yeej ib txwm tig mus rau cov ntsiab lus: koj tuaj yeem hnov tias science tau qhia qhov no, ua pov thawj tias nws yuav zoo li no; peb paub qhov no, peb paub qhov ntawd - tab sis peb puas paub? Koj puas paub tseeb? Kuv yuav saib cov lus nug no kom ntxaws ntxiv. Cia peb nco qab txoj cai los ntawm biology: ontogeny repeats phylogeny. Nws txhais tau hais tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug neeg, los ntawm ib tug fertilized qe mus rau ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv, schematically rov qab tag nrho cov txheej txheem dhau los ntawm evolution. Yog li, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sib cav tias thaum lub sij hawm embryonic txoj kev loj hlob, gill slits tshwm thiab ploj dua, thiab yog li ntawd lawv xav tias peb cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob deb yog ntses.
Suab zoo yog tias koj tsis xav txog nws heev. Qhov no muab lub tswv yim zoo nkauj ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ua haujlwm li cas, yog tias koj ntseeg nws. Tab sis kuv yuav mus ntxiv me ntsis thiab nug: cov me nyuam kawm li cas? Lawv tau txais kev paub li cas? Tej zaum lawv yug los nrog kev paub ua ntej, tab sis qhov ntawd suab me ntsis ceg tawv. Yuav kom ncaj ncees, nws yog unconvincing heev.
Yog li cov menyuam ua li cas? Lawv muaj qee yam kev xav, ua raws li cov menyuam yaus pib ua suab. Lawv ua tag nrho cov suab no uas peb feem ntau hu ua babbling, thiab babbling no tsis zoo li nyob ntawm seb tus me nyuam yug los - nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, Russia, England los yog America, cov me nyuam yuav babble yeej ib yam nkaus. Txawm li cas los xij, babbling yuav tsim txawv nyob ntawm lub teb chaws. Piv txwv li, thaum ib tug me nyuam Lavxias teb sab hais lo lus "mama" ob peb zaug, nws yuav tau txais cov lus teb zoo thiab yog li yuav rov ua cov suab no. Los ntawm kev paub dhau los, nws pom tias lub suab twg pab ua tiav qhov nws xav tau thiab qhov tsis ua, thiab yog li kawm ntau yam.
Cia kuv nco koj txog qhov kuv tau hais ob peb zaug - tsis muaj thawj lo lus hauv phau ntawv txhais lus; txhua lo lus raug txhais los ntawm lwm tus, uas txhais tau tias phau ntawv txhais lus yog ncig. Ib yam li ntawd, thaum tus me nyuam sim tsim ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom, nws muaj teeb meem ntsib kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas nws yuav tsum tau daws, vim tsis muaj qhov ua ntej rau tus menyuam kawm, thiab "niam" tsis ua haujlwm ib txwm. Tsis meej pem tshwm sim, piv txwv li, xws li kuv yuav tam sim no qhia. Ntawm no yog ib tug naas ej American tso dag:
lyrics of a popular song (zoo siab tus ntoo khaub lig kuv yuav dais, zoo siab dais koj tus ntoo khaub lig)
thiab txoj kev me nyuam hnov nws (zoo siab tus ntoo khaub lig-eyed dais, zoo siab tus ntoo khaub lig-eyed dais)
(Hauv Lavxias: violin-hma liab / creak ntawm lub log, Kuv yog wanking emerald / cores yog cov ntshiab emerald, yog tias koj xav tau bull plums / yog tias koj xav tau kev zoo siab, khaws koj lub qhov quav / ib puas kauj ruam rov qab.)
Kuv kuj tau ntsib cov teeb meem zoo li no, tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb no, tab sis muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej hauv kuv lub neej uas kuv nco tau thaum kuv xav tias qhov kuv tau nyeem thiab hais yog qhov tseeb, tab sis cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig kuv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kuv niam kuv txiv, to taub qee yam. .. uas txawv kiag li.
Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam qhov yuam kev loj thiab tseem pom tias lawv tshwm sim li cas. Tus me nyuam tau ntsib nrog qhov yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev xav txog cov lus hauv cov lus txhais li cas thiab maj mam kawm cov kev xaiv raug. Txawm li cas los xij, kho qhov yuam kev no tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom paub tseeb tias lawv tau raug kho tag nrho txawm tias tam sim no.
Koj tuaj yeem mus deb heev yam tsis nkag siab qhov koj tab tom ua. Kuv twb tau tham txog kuv tus phooj ywg, kws kho mob ntawm lej sciences ntawm Harvard University. Thaum nws kawm tiav hauv Harvard, nws hais tias nws tuaj yeem suav cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev txhais, tab sis nws tsis nkag siab tiag tiag, nws tsuas yog paub yuav ua li cas. Qhov no muaj tseeb rau ntau yam peb ua. Yuav caij tsheb kauj vab, skateboard, ua luam dej, thiab ntau yam ntxiv, peb tsis tas yuav paub yuav ua li cas. Nws zoo nkaus li tias kev paub ntau dua tuaj yeem qhia hauv cov lus. Kuv tsis kam hais tias koj tsis paub caij tsheb kauj vab, txawm hais tias koj tsis tuaj yeem qhia kuv li cas, tab sis koj caij pem hauv ntej ntawm kuv ntawm ib lub log. Yog li, kev paub yuav txawv heev.
Cia peb xaus me ntsis qhov kuv tau hais. Muaj cov neeg uas ntseeg hais tias peb muaj kev txawj ntse innate; Yog tias koj saib qhov xwm txheej tag nrho, koj yuav pom zoo nrog qhov no, xav txog, piv txwv li, cov menyuam yaus muaj lub siab xav hais lub suab. Yog hais tias ib tug me nyuam yug hauv Suav teb, nws yuav kawm paub ntau lub suab kom ua tiav qhov nws xav tau. Yog hais tias nws yug los nyob rau hauv Russia, nws kuj yuav ua tau ntau lub suab. Yog nws yug los nyob teb chaws Amelikas nws tseem yuav ua tau ntau lub suab. Cov lus nws tus kheej tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, tus menyuam muaj peev xwm kawm tau yam lus, ib yam li lwm yam. Nws nco qab cov suab ib ntus thiab txheeb xyuas seb lawv txhais li cas. Nws yuav tsum muab lub ntsiab lus tso rau hauv cov suab no nws tus kheej, vim tsis muaj thawj ntu uas nws tuaj yeem nco qab. Qhia koj tus menyuam tus nees thiab nug nws: “Lo lus “niam” yog lub npe nees? Los yog qhov no txhais tau tias nws yog plaub-legged? Tej zaum qhov no yog nws cov xim? Yog tias koj sim qhia tus menyuam tias tus nees yog qhov twg los ntawm kev qhia nws, tus menyuam yuav tsis tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug ntawd, tab sis qhov koj txhais tau li cas. Tus me nyuam yuav tsis paub qhov twg los faib cov lus no rau hauv. Los yog, piv txwv li, coj cov lus qhia "kom khiav." Nws tuaj yeem siv tau thaum koj tsiv mus sai, tab sis koj tuaj yeem hais tias cov xim ntawm koj lub tsho tau ploj mus tom qab ntxuav, lossis yws txog qhov nrawm ntawm lub moos.
Tus me nyuam ntsib teeb meem loj, tab sis tsis ntev los sis tom qab nws kho nws qhov yuam kev, lees tias nws nkag siab qee yam tsis raug. Tau ntau xyoo, cov menyuam yaus ua tau tsawg thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau li no, thiab thaum lawv laus txaus, lawv hloov tsis tau lawm. Pom tseeb, tib neeg tuaj yeem yuam kev. Nco ntsoov, piv txwv li, cov neeg uas ntseeg hais tias nws yog Napoleon. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas pov thawj koj qhia rau tus neeg ntawd tias qhov no tsis yog li ntawd, nws yuav txuas ntxiv mus ntseeg nws. Koj paub, muaj ntau tus neeg uas muaj kev ntseeg ruaj khov uas koj tsis qhia. Txij li thaum tej zaum koj yuav ntseeg tias lawv txoj kev ntseeg yog vwm, hais tias muaj ib txoj hauv kev los nrhiav kev paub tshiab tsis yog qhov tseeb. Koj yuav hais rau qhov no: "Tab sis kev tshawb fawb zoo heev!" Cia peb saib txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab saib seb qhov no puas muaj tseeb.
Ua tsaug rau Sergei Klimov rau kev txhais lus.
Kom txuas ntxiv…
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Los ntawm txoj kev, peb kuj tau tshaj tawm cov txhais lus ntawm lwm phau ntawv txias - )
Peb tab tom nrhiav tshwj xeeb cov uas yuav pab txhais . (hloov mus rau 10 feeb, thawj 20 tau raug coj mus)
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm phau ntawv thiab tshooj txhais
- Intro to The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Kawm Kev Kawm (Lub Peb Hlis 28, 1995)
- "Foundations of the Digital (Discrete) Revolution" (Lub Peb Hlis 30, 1995)
- "History of Computers - Hardware" (Lub Peb Hlis 31, 1995)
- "History of Computers - Software" (Lub Plaub Hlis 4, 1995)
- "History of Computers - Applications" (Lub Plaub Hlis 6, 1995)
- "Artificial Intelligence - Part I" (Lub Plaub Hlis 7, 1995)
- "Artificial Intelligence - Part II" (Lub Plaub Hlis 11, 1995)
- "Artificial Intelligence III" (Lub Plaub Hlis 13, 1995)
- "n-Dimensional Space" (Lub Plaub Hlis 14, 1995)
- "Coding Theory - Kev Sawv Cev Ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv, Ntu I" (Lub Plaub Hlis 18, 1995)
- "Coding Theory - Kev Sawv Cev Ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv, Ntu II" (Lub Plaub Hlis 20, 1995)
- "Yam-Kho Codes" (Lub Plaub Hlis 21, 1995)
- "Information Theory" (Lub Plaub Hlis 25, 1995) Ua tiav, txhua yam koj yuav tsum ua yog luam tawm nws
- "Digital Filters, Part I" (Lub Plaub Hlis 27, 1995)
- "Digital Filters, Part II" (Lub Plaub Hlis 28, 1995)
- "Digital Filters, Part III" (Tsib Hlis 2, 1995)
- "Digital Filters, Part IV" (Tsib Hlis 4, 1995)
- "Simulation, Part I" (Tsib Hlis 5, 1995)
- "Simulation, Part II" (Tsib Hlis 9, 1995)
- "Simulation, Ntu III" (Tsib Hlis 11, 1995)
- "Fiber Optics" (Tsib Hlis 12, 1995)
- "Computer Aided Instruction" (Tsib Hlis 16, 1995)
- "Mathematics" (Tsib Hlis 18, 1995)
- "Quantum Mechanics" (Tsib Hlis 19, 1995)
- "Creativity" (Tsib Hlis 23, 1995). Kev txhais lus:
- "Cov kws tshaj lij" (Tsib Hlis 25, 1995)
- "Cov ntaub ntawv tsis ntseeg" (Tsib Hlis 26, 1995)
- "Systems Engineering" (Tsib Hlis 30, 1995)
- “Koj Tau Txais Yam Koj Ntsuas” (Lub Rau Hli 1, 1995)
- (Lub Xya hli ntuj 2, 1995) txhais ua 10 feeb chunks
- Hamming, “Koj thiab Koj Kev Tshawb Fawb” (Lub Rau Hli 6, 1995).
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Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com