Kev loj hlob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm transistors ntawm chips txuas ntxiv ua raws li Moore txoj cai

Obstacles rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm semiconductor ntau lawm tsis zoo li cov teeb meem, tab sis siab phab ntsa. Thiab tseem kev lag luam tab tom mus tom ntej ib kauj ruam, ua raws li cov pov thawj pom tau los ntawm 55 xyoo dhau los. Gordon Moore txoj cai. Txawm hais tias nrog kev tshwj tseg, tus naj npawb ntawm cov transistors hauv chips txuas ntxiv ob zaug txhua ob xyoos.

Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm IC Insights luam tawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm lub xeev ntawm kev lag luam semiconductor hauv 2020. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm suav nrog keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb txij li xyoo 71: DRAM nco, NAND flash nco, microprocessors thiab cov txheej txheem duab.

Cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau sau tseg tias yav dhau los 10 txog 15 xyoo dhau los, yam xws li kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev txwv qhov ntsuas tau pib cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm transistors hauv qee cov khoom sib xyaw. Tab sis feem ntau, cov kev txhim kho tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem tshiab rau kev tsim thiab tsim cov chips tso cai rau peb suav nrog kev khaws cia txuas ntxiv ntawm Moore txoj cai.

Yog li, tus naj npawb ntawm cov transistors hauv DRAM nco chips tau nce ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm kwv yees li 2000% hauv ib xyoos thaum ntxov 45s, tab sis tau qeeb mus rau 2016% ib xyoos txij li xyoo 20 tom qab kev qhia txog 16-Gbit nco crystals los ntawm Samsung. Tus qauv DDR5, uas tseem tab tom ua tiav los ntawm JEDEC, yuav suav nrog cov khoom siv monolithic nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 24 Gbit, 32 Gbit thiab 64 Gbit, uas yog qhov kev vam meej tshiab.

Kev loj hlob txhua xyoo hauv flash nco ceev tseem nyob ntawm 2012-55% ib xyoos txog rau xyoo 60, tab sis txij li ntawd tau poob mus rau 30-35% hauv ib xyoos. Rau planar flash nco chips, qhov ceev tshaj plaws yog 128 Gbit (cov ntaub ntawv thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2020). Tab sis qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 3D NAND nti tau mus txog 1,33 Tbit rau 96-txheej nco nrog plaub lub xov tooj ntawm tes (QLC). Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo, 1,5 Tbit 128-txheej microcircuits tau cog lus tias yuav tshwm sim, nrog rau kev nce ntxiv rau 2 Tbit.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov transistors hauv Intel PC microprocessors tau nce li ntawm 2010% ib xyoo mus txog rau xyoo 40, tab sis nyob rau xyoo tom ntej no daim duab no tau halved. Tus naj npawb ntawm transistors tseem loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab server processors. Qhov kev loj hlob no tau nres nyob rau nruab nrab mus rau lig 2000s, tab sis tom qab ntawd rov pib dua ntawm tus nqi kwv yees li 25% hauv ib xyoos. Intel tau txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv suav transistor hauv 2017.

Tus naj npawb ntawm transistors hauv Apple daim ntawv thov processors hauv iPhone smartphones thiab iPad ntsiav tshuaj tau nce 2013% ib xyoos txij li xyoo 43. Daim duab no suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm A13 processor nrog nws 8,5 billion transistors. Apple xav tias yuav nthuav qhia lub iPad Pro siv los ntawm A2020X processor tshiab hauv thawj ib nrab xyoo 13.

NVIDIA's high-performance GPUs muaj cov transistor siab heev. Tsis zoo li microprocessors, GPUs, nrog lawv cov qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua vaj tse sib luag, tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub cim xeeb cache, tawm hauv ntau chav rau logic (transistors). Lub tuam txhab txuas ntxiv tsom mus rau kev kawm tshuab thiab AI accelerators tsuas yog ua rau cov qauv no.

Tau qhov twg los: 3d xov.ru