Hauv Thorndike txoj haujlwm voluminous, cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub cuab yeej coj mus tsawg dua ib nplooj ntawv, nws tsis tau piav qhia txog nws txoj kev xav li cas. Tab sis qhov no txaus rau Ohio University tus xibfwb Sidney Pressey, tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kho hlwb, kom tsim kawm system - Tsis Siv Neeg Xib Fwb. Ntawm lub nruas ntawm lub tshuab, cov tub ntxhais kawm pom cov lus nug thiab cov lus teb xaiv. Los ntawm nias ib qho ntawm plaub tus yuam sij, nws xaiv qhov tseeb. Tom qab ntawd lub nruas yuav tig thiab lub cuab yeej yuav "qhia" cov lus nug tom ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub txee tau sau tseg txog cov kev sim kom raug.
Xyoo 1928 Pressey tau txais patent rau qhov invention, tab sis tsis siv Thorndike lub tswv yim tag nrho. Tsis Siv Neeg Xib Fwb tuaj yeem qhia tsis tau, tab sis tso cai rau koj sim sai sai koj qhov kev paub.
Tom qab Sidney Pressey, ntau tus neeg tsim khoom tau pib tsim "cov tshuab qhia ntawv tshiab." Lawv ua ke cov kev paub dhau los ntawm xyoo pua 1936th, cov tswv yim ntawm Thorndike thiab cov thev naus laus zis ntawm lub xyoo pua tshiab. Ua ntej xyoo XNUMX hauv Tebchaws Meskas tso tawm 700 txawv patents rau "kev qhia tshuab." Tab sis tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob tau pib, kev ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam no tau raug ncua thiab kev ua tiav tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau tos yuav luag 20 xyoo.
Frederick Skinner's Learning Machine
Xyoo 1954, Cambridge University xibfwb Burrhus Frederic Skinner tau tsim cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev kawm txog kab lus, lej thiab lwm yam kev kawm. Tswv yim tau paub raws li txoj kev xav ntawm kev kawm programmed.
Cov lus nug tau luam tawm ntawm daim npav thiab tso tawm "thav duab los ntawm thav duab" hauv lub qhov rais tshwj xeeb. Tus tub kawm ntawv tau ntaus cov lus teb ntawm lub cuab yeej keyboard. Yog hais tias cov lus teb yog lawm, lub tshuab punches ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv daim card. Skinner's system tau txawv ntawm nws cov analogues los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tom qab thawj cov lus nug, tus tub ntxhais kawm rov tau txais tsuas yog cov uas nws tsis tuaj yeem teb. Lub voj voog tau rov ua dua yog tias cov teeb meem tseem tsis tau daws. Yog li, cov cuab yeej siv tsis tau tsuas yog kuaj kev paub, tab sis kuj qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm.
Tsis ntev lub tsheb tau muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm. Niaj hnub no, Skinner's invention yog suav hais tias yog thawj lub cuab yeej uas tswj hwm los ua ke cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb theoretical hauv kev kawm psychology nrog kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis ntawm lub sijhawm.
Lub PLATO system, uas muaj nyob rau 40 xyoo
Raws li qhov programmed kawm txoj kev xav, xyoo 1960, tus kws ua haujlwm 26 xyoo Donald Bitzer (Donald Bitzer), uas nyuam qhuav tau txais nws daim ntawv kawm tiav los ntawm University of Illinois, tsim computer system PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operations).
PLATO terminals txuas nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv mainframe ILLIAC I. Cov zaub rau lawv yog TV tsis tu ncua, thiab tus neeg siv cov keyboard tsuas muaj 16 tus yuam sij rau kev taw qhia. Cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem kawm ntau yam kev kawm thematic.
Thawj version ntawm PLATO tau sim thiab muaj cov kev txwv tseem ceeb: piv txwv li, lub peev xwm rau ob tus neeg siv ua haujlwm nrog nws ib txhij tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1961 (hauv qhov hloov tshiab ntawm PLATO II). Thiab nyob rau hauv 1969, engineers qhia ib tug tshwj xeeb programming lus XEEM los tsim tsis tau tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv kawm, tab sis kuj ua si.
PLATO tau txhim kho, thiab hauv 1970 University of Illinois tau nkag mus rau hauv kev pom zoo nrog Control Data Corporation. Cov cuab yeej nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam.
Rau xyoo tom qab, 950 terminals twb ua hauj lwm nrog PLATO, thiab tag nrho cov chav kawm yog 12 txhiab teev nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv kev qhuab qhia.
Lub kaw lus tsis siv hnub no; nws tau txiav tawm hauv 2000. Txawm li cas los xij, lub koom haum PLATO Learning (tam sim no Edmentum), uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhawb nqa cov terminals, tab tom tsim cov chav kawm.