Hauv kev lag luam, ntau dua 60% ntawm cov hluav taws xob tau siv los ntawm asynchronous electric drives - hauv cov twj tso kua mis, compressor, qhov cua thiab lwm yam kev teeb tsa. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, thiab yog li pheej yig tshaj thiab txhim khu kev qha hom cav.
Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm ntau yam kev tsim khoom lag luam xav tau hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv kev sib hloov ceev ntawm txhua tus actuators. Ua tsaug rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob thiab khoos phis tawj, nrog rau kev xav kom txo qis hluav taws xob poob, cov khoom siv tau tshwm sim rau kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob ntawm ntau hom. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau tswj tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Ua haujlwm hauv ib lub tuam txhab (pab pawg tuam txhab ), Kuv pom tias peb cov neeg siv khoom tau them nyiaj ntau dua rau kev siv hluav taws xob
Feem ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv los ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab cov txheej txheem cov nroj tsuag yog siv los ua qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Txhawm rau tsav cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam kev tsim khoom thiab cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, asynchronous electric motors nrog squirrel-cage rotor feem ntau yog siv ( yav tom ntej peb yuav tham txog hom hluav taws xob no). Lub tshuab hluav taws xob nws tus kheej, nws cov kev tswj hwm thiab cov cuab yeej siv tshuab uas xa cov lus tsa suab los ntawm lub cev muaj zog mus rau lub tshuab tsim khoom tsim hluav taws xob tsav.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg nyob rau hauv windings vim kev tswj ntawm lub cev muaj zog rotation ceev, muaj peev xwm ntawm ib tug du pib vim muaj ib tug uniform nce nyob rau hauv zaus thiab voltage - cov no yog lub ntsiab postulates ntawm zoo tswj ntawm hluav taws xob motors.
Tom qab tag nrho, yav tas los muaj thiab tseem muaj xws li cov kev tswj cav xws li:
- rheostatic zaus tswj los ntawm kev qhia ntxiv active resistances nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj zog winding circuits, sequentially luv-circuited los ntawm contactors;
- hloov nyob rau hauv voltage ntawm lub stator terminals, thaum lub zaus ntawm xws li voltage yog tas li thiab sib npaug zos zaus ntawm lub industrial AC network;
- kauj ruam kev cai los ntawm kev hloov tus naj npawb ntawm ncej khub ntawm stator winding.
Tab sis cov no thiab lwm txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tswj hwm zaus nqa nrog lawv lub ntsiab qhov tsis zoo - qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev poob hluav taws xob, thiab kev tswj cov kauj ruam, los ntawm kev txhais, tsis yog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim txaus.
Puas yog kev puas tsuaj tsis tuaj yeem?
Cia peb nyob hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm cov hluav taws xob poob uas tshwm sim hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob asynchronous.
Kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob tsav yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau qhov hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Cov khoom hluav taws xob muaj xws li:
- mains voltage,
- lub cev muaj zog tam sim no,
- magnetic flux,
- electromotive quab yuam (EMF).
Lub ntsiab mechanical ntau yog:
- Kev sib hloov ceev n (rpm),
- rotating torque M (Nβ’m) ntawm lub cav,
- mechanical zog ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob P (W), txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom ntawm torque thiab rotational ceev: P = (Mβ’n) / (9,55).
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov nrawm ntawm kev sib hloov, nrog rau kev sib hloov zaus n, lwm qhov uas paub los ntawm physics yog siv - angular tshaj tawm Ο, uas tau qhia hauv radians ib ob (rad / s). Muaj cov kev sib raug zoo hauv qab no ntawm lub angular tshaj tawm Ο thiab kev sib hloov zaus n:
coj mus rau hauv tus account uas cov qauv siv rau hauv daim ntawv:
Kev vam khom ntawm lub cav torque M ntawm kev sib hloov ceev ntawm nws lub rotor n yog hu ua cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Nco ntsoov tias thaum lub tshuab asynchronous ua haujlwm, lub zog hluav taws xob hu ua hluav taws xob xa tawm los ntawm stator mus rau rotor los ntawm huab cua sib txawv uas siv lub tshuab electromagnetic:
Ib feem ntawm lub zog no yog xa mus rau lub rotor ncej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm txhua yam lub zog raws li qhia (2), thiab tus so yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm poob nyob rau hauv lub active resistances ntawm tag nrho peb theem ntawm lub rotor circuit.
Cov kev poob no, hu ua hluav taws xob, yog sib npaug rau:
Yog li, hluav taws xob poob yog txiav txim los ntawm lub square ntawm tam sim no dhau los ntawm windings.
Lawv feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm lub load ntawm lub asynchronous lub cev muaj zog. Tag nrho lwm hom kev poob, tshwj tsis yog cov hluav taws xob, hloov qis dua nrog kev thauj khoom.
Yog li ntawd, cia peb xav txog yuav ua li cas cov hluav taws xob poob ntawm lub asynchronous lub cev muaj zog hloov thaum qhov kev sib hloov ceev yog tswj.
Hluav taws xob poob ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub rotor winding ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob raug tso tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tshav kub hauv lub tshuab thiab yog li txiav txim siab nws cov cua sov. Obviously, qhov ntau dua qhov hluav taws xob poob nyob rau hauv lub rotor Circuit Court, lub efficiency ntawm lub cav yuav qis dua, nws cov lag luam yuav tsawg dua.
Xav tias stator poob yog kwv yees li proportional rau rotor poob, lub siab xav txo hluav taws xob poob hauv lub rotor yog qhov nkag siab ntau dua. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj lub cav ceev yog kev lag luam, uas cov hluav taws xob poob hauv lub rotor yog me me.
Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kab lus nws ua raws li qhov kev lag luam tshaj plaws los tswj cov motors yog nyob rau ntawm rotor ceev ze rau synchronous.
Variable Frequency Drives
Kev teeb tsa xws li kev hloov pauv zaus (VFDs), kuj hu ua zaus hloov pauv (FCs) ). Cov kev teeb tsa no tso cai rau koj los hloov qhov zaus thiab lub zog ntawm peb-theem hluav taws xob nkag mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob, vim tias qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj tau tiav.
High Voltage Variable Frequency Drive
VFD tsim
Nov yog cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm cov zaus converters uas twb muaj lawm.
Structureally, lub converter muaj xws li functionally blocks: input transformer block (transformer txee); ntau theem inverter (inverter txee) thiab tswj thiab tiv thaiv qhov system nrog cov ntaub ntawv tawm tswv yim thiab tso saib (tswj thiab tiv thaiv txee).
Lub input transformer txee hloov lub zog los ntawm peb-theem fais fab mov mus rau ib tug multi-winding input transformer, uas faib cov txo voltage mus rau ntau theem inverter.
Ib tug multilevel inverter muaj kev sib koom hlwb - converters. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlwb yog txiav txim los ntawm tus tsim tshwj xeeb thiab cov chaw tsim khoom. Txhua lub xovtooj tau nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab DC txuas lim nrog tus choj hluav taws xob inverter siv IGBT transistors niaj hnub (insulated gate bipolar transistor). Lub input AC tam sim no yog pib kho thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau qhov hloov pauv tam sim no nrog cov zaus hloov tau thiab qhov hluav taws xob siv lub zog-state inverter.
Cov txiaj ntsig tshwm sim ntawm kev tswj cov hluav taws xob hloov pauv tau txuas nrog hauv cov kab sib txuas, ua rau theem voltage. Kev tsim kho peb-theem tso zis hluav taws xob rau lub cev muaj zog asynchronous yog ua los ntawm kev sib txuas txuas raws li "STAR" circuit.
Cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog nyob rau hauv cov tswj thiab kev tiv thaiv txee thiab yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug multifunctional microprocessor chav tsev nrog ib tug fais fab mov system los ntawm lub converter tus kheej lub hwj chim qhov chaw, cov ntaub ntawv tawm tswv yim / tso zis ntaus ntawv thiab thawj sensors ntawm lub converter lub zog ua hauj lwm hom.
Txuag muaj peev xwm: suav ua ke
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm Mitsubishi Electric, peb yuav ntsuas lub zog txuag lub peev xwm thaum qhia cov zaus hloov pauv.
Ua ntej, cia saib seb lub zog hloov pauv li cas nyob rau hauv ntau hom kev tswj lub cav:
Tam sim no cia peb muab piv txwv ntawm kev suav.
Electric motor efficiency: 96,5%;
Variable zaus tsav efficiency: 97%;
Ntxuam ncej zog ntawm nominal ntim: 1100 kW;
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kiv cua: H = 1,4 p.u. ntawm Q = 0;
Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm puv xyoo: 8000 h.
Ntxuam kev khiav hauj lwm hom raws li lub sij hawm:
Los ntawm daim duab peb tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
100% huab cua noj - 20% ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv ib xyoos;
70% huab cua noj - 50% ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv ib xyoos;
50% huab cua noj - 30% lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv ib xyoos.
Kev txuag ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntsuas ntsuas thiab kev ua haujlwm nrog lub peev xwm los tswj lub cev muaj zog ceev (kev ua haujlwm ua ke nrog VFD) yog sib npaug rau:
7 kWh/xyoo - 446 kWh/xyoo = 400 kWh/xyoo
Cia peb xav txog cov nqi hluav taws xob sib npaug ntawm 1 kWh / 5,5 rubles. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias tus nqi yog npaum li cas raws li thawj qeb nqi thiab qhov nruab nrab tus nqi rau ib tug ntawm cov lag luam kev lag luam ntawm lub Primorsky Territory rau 2019.
Cia peb tau txais cov nyiaj khaws cia hauv cov nqe lus nyiaj txiag:
3 kWh/xyoo * 600 rub/kWh = 000 rub/xyoo
Kev xyaum ua raws li cov haujlwm no tso cai, suav nrog cov nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev kho, nrog rau cov nqi ntawm cov zaus hloov pauv lawv tus kheej, kom ua tiav lub sijhawm them rov qab ntawm 3 xyoos.
Raws li cov duab qhia, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg txog kev lag luam muaj peev xwm ntawm kev qhia VFDs. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lawv qhov kev siv tsis txwv rau kev lag luam ib leeg. VFDs smoothly pib lub cav, txo nws cov hnav, tab sis kuv mam li tham txog qhov no lwm zaus.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com