Peterkin S.V., UA [email tiv thaiv]
Taw qhia
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev npaj tsim khoom thiab kev tswj hwm yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab tsis meej pem rau cov lag luam hauv tsev tam sim no. Ib qho piv txwv ua tiav ntawm IT daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ERP systems, nrog outdated tsoos MRP-II los yog zoo meej, tab sis "xav" APS algorithms, hais ntau "tawm tsam" dua "rau" lawv; "Lean ntau lawm" - siv nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv ib tug dav pem hauv ntej, thiab feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub theem ntawm 5C, visualization, kaizens, thiab lwm yam., kuj tsis muab kev lag luam nrog ib tug tiag tiag cuab tam rau kev npaj thiab tswj ntau lawm.
Hauv qab no yog cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov kev npaj tsim khoom thiab kev tswj hwm, qhov nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm - Rodov System, thiab nws lub rooj txhawb siab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav daws tau cov teeb meem ntau lawm ntawm lub sij hawm tam sim no.
Novocherkassk Continuous Production Planning System, tseem hu ua Rodov System, tau tsim nyob rau hauv 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Thiab, tom qab lub sijhawm luv luv, nws tau yeem lees txais los ntawm feem coob ntawm cov neeg xav tau tshaj plaws thiab kev saib xyuas kev tswj hwm pej xeem - cov thawj coj thiab cov thawj coj tsim khoom, cov phiaj xwm, cov neeg xa xov, cov thawj coj hauv khw (rau kev sib piv, coj qhov dav "kev lees paub" ntawm ERP systems ntawm lub lub sijhawm no...).
Qhov no tshwm sim vim nws qhov yooj yim heev thiab kev ua tau zoo hauv kev daws teeb meem kev tsim khoom yooj yim: "tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm" ntau lawm, "tsuas yog kom muaj nuj nqis"; suab nrov; nrog cov nqi tsawg; kom ntseeg tau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Qhov nrov thiab nthuav dav ntawm lub kaw lus tau zoo heev uas txawm tias tam sim no, "shards" ntawm lub kaw lus, vim tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev zoo dua, tseem siv los tswj kev tsim khoom hauv ntau lub hoobkas. Tab sis, kuv nco ntsoov, tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws "shards" thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntau.
Txawm li cas los xij, Rodov System, tsawg kawg nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, tuaj yeem thiab yuav tsum tau siv rau niaj hnub no. Yuav tham li cas hauv qab no. Nrog rau kev piav qhia ntawm Rodov System nws tus kheej, nws cov khoom, qhov zoo thiab cov kev txwv, thiab nws lub rooj txhawb siab siv IT thiab niaj hnub kev tswj thev naus laus zis, suav nrog. Lean, T.O.C.
Rodov system
1. Cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg. Ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm "generalized" los yog yam khoom, uas yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm txhua yam khoom tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag Novocherkassk, qhov chaw tsim, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau muab coj los ua "generalized" cov khoom, tag nrho cov muaj peev xwm tau ntxiv rau tib lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom, ntawm kev npaj lub qab ntug ntawm nws cov kev hloov kho, cov khoom seem, units thiab cov khoom tsim tawm raws li lawv cov phiaj xwm tau ntxiv rau kev koom tes ntawm lwm cov nroj tsuag, thiab TNP. Rau cov teeb meem nyuaj dua, cov khoom siv niaj hnub raug coj mus rau cov khoom tsis raug cai.
saib. Cov khoom lag luam tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li cov khoom npaj lossis cov khoom yav tom ntej ntawm ERP systems niaj hnub.
2. Tshaj tawm txoj kev npaj conditional khoom - sijhawm ntau lawm. Nws raug kho rau lub sijhawm ntev heev (thaum lub sijhawm tsim lub kaw lus - rau ib xyoos, tab sis muaj peev xwm hloov pauv peb lub hlis twg), thiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuab ua haujlwm, nrog lawv cov lej cim txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo lossis txij thaum pib ntawm kev tsim khoom, thiab hnub khi rau txhua yam khoom - saib. hauv qab no.
3. Kev npaj. Lub sij hawm cyclic ntawm cov khoom raws li txoj cai tau normalized rau hnub pib ntawm kev sib dhos:
ib. Tus nqi sib piv rau txhua qhov kev cob qhia yog txawv (nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm) thiab yog "Rov qab"hauv kev nthuav dav.
b. Tom qab rho tawm lub backlog los ntawm tag nrho cov kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev kawm rau cov nroj tsuag, lub rhiav tau txais, rau txhua feem, ib tug conditional khoom naj npawb, kaw (ua tiav).
c. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev cob qhia yog ua haujlwm nrog lub suab sib dhos, i.e. tso tawm ib feem rau cov khoom muaj cai nrog ib tus lej sib sau ua ke hnub no.
Yog li, nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav ntawm cov khoom tsis sib xws thiab tas li ntawm qee cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo, txhua lub rooj cob qhia tau txais raws li kev npaj tsim khoom ib txoj kev npaj rau kev tsim cov khoom tiav, qhia hauv cov khoom siv pa. Hauv cov chaw tsim khoom uas tseem tab tom sim xyaum Rodov System, nws yog thiab hu ua txawv: "serial account", "series", "cov khoom siv tshuab", thiab lwm yam.
saib
Cia peb saib ntawm "backlog" hauv me ntsis ntxiv, vim Tej zaum tsis muaj kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntau lawm txoj kev xav thiab kev xyaum - lub ntxeev sab ntawm lub koob meej ntawm lub Rodov system. "Backlog", nyob rau hauv Rodov lub tswv yim, yog theem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev kawm, los yog, ntau precisely, qhia nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntsiab lus, lub sij hawm ua tus thawj coj uas txhua lub rooj cob qhia yuav tsum tau tso tawm qhov chaw kom tiav raws sij hawm ntawm lub rooj sib txoos. Tab sis lub ntsiab lus "dawb huv" tam sim no ploj lawm. Cov "rov qab" rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim khoom yog qee theem ntawm cov khoom muag hauv cov neeg siv khoom ua haujlwm, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau yav tom ntej rau kev ua haujlwm tas mus li, feem ntau coj los ntawm huab cua nyias, lossis, qhov phem dua, suav nrog Rodov txoj kev nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav ntawm kev tsim khoom tas mus li thiab ruaj khov. npaj. Yog, yog lawm, rau nruam thiab rhiab heev! Ua tsis tiav cov phiaj xwm / xaj / xaj raws sijhawm, uas yog kom cov neeg siv khoom rhiav muaj qee yam ua, i.e. txhob sawv ntsug. "Pushing" ntawm qhov phem tshaj! Tab sis qhov "rov qab," raws li Rodov txhais tau tias, tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li tus lej ntawm kanban phaib hauv kev ncig, piv txwv li. rub! Xav paub ntxiv hauv qab no.
4. Pib. Rau txhua qhov kev cob qhia (thiab txuas ntxiv - ntu) rau nws qhov ntau thiab tsawg, "Card Performance index ntawm proportionality".
"daim npav qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov sib npaug" yog lub txee muaj peb lub txee (txhua lub txee yog ib hlis) nrog cov hlwb, raws li cov hnub hauv lub hli. Saum toj no txhua "hli" yog hnub calendar ntawm lub hli nrog ib txoj kev npaj txuas rau lawv hauv cov khoom muaj cai. Txhua lub xov tooj ntawm tes muaj cov ntawv teev lus uas tsim los ntawm kev cob qhia. Txhua daim npav yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub xovtooj sib txuas nrog tus lej siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab nruab nrog qhov no. Thaum tsim ib pawg tshiab ntawm cov khoom, ib qho cim tau ua rau ntawm daim npav thiab nws tau txav mus rau sab xis, hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes, nrog rau cov xov tooj ntawm lub tshuab uas cov khoom tshiab ntawm qhov no muab cov txheej txheem tiav.
"Proportionality card index" nyob rau hauv Rodov lub system yog lub ntsiab, tsis tshua muaj neeg yooj yim thiab pom cov khoom ntawm inter-shop synchronization, kav khw thiab kev pom. Ideologically coj mus rau lub kanban tswj board (nco ntsoov tias Toyota system nyuam qhuav yug los):
- txhua hnub tus cim "hnub no" txav mus rau sab xis;
- daim npav (kanban) ze rau "hnub no" - lub sijhawm tso tawm (kanban raug xa mus rau ntau lawm), daim npav rau sab laug ntawm "hnub no" - tso tawm yog stitched.
saib. Lub tswv yim ntawm daim npav proportional Performance index yog zoo ib yam li lub tswv yim ntawm kev pom kanban tswj boards:
1) daim npav ib feem - muaj kanban nyob rau hauv kev ncig, nrog rau qhov sib txawv uas lawv tsis tau raug xa mus rau ntau lawm, tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv raug xa mus uas nws yog tsim nyog los pib tsim;
2) tus naj npawb ntawm kanbans hauv kev ncig - muaj "rov qab" hauv Rodov system. Los yog - theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev kawm (tsis yog tus qauv thiab tsis yog tus qauv!) tab sis nyob ntawm tsuas yog nyob ntawm kev thov sab nraud (thaum lub sijhawm xav tau sib npaug rau cov phiaj xwm txhua xyoo) thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ib feem.
5. Lub koom haum ntawm kev tsim khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog daim npav (txog cov ntsiab lus) ze rau "hnub no" raug xa mus rau tus tswv ntawm cov ntu sib txuas. Kev tshaj tawm cov khoom ncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev faib cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua zoo ib yam li cov ntsiab lus dhau los.
ib. Lockers tau teeb tsa rau txhua ntu, txhua qhov muaj kaum lub chaw ua haujlwm (10 tus neeg ua yeeb yam). Txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm (txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm) hauv lub thawv ntim khoom sib raug rau lub txee nrog cov xov tooj ntawm tes sib npaug rau cov hnub ua haujlwm hauv ib hlis. Sab saum toj ntawm txhua lub xov tooj tau txuas nrog cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom, qhia hauv cov khoom lag luam thiab khi rau hnub (rau cov hlwb). Txhua lub xov tooj ntawm tes muaj cov ntawv teev lus nthuav dav txuas nrog rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txav ib feem-ua haujlwm phaib yog zoo ib yam li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev muab ib feem phaib rau hauv lub khw proportionality card index.
b. Txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm tau mus rau nws lub txee txhua hmo, (ntawm nws tus kheej!) tau ua haujlwm rau nws tus kheej rau hnub tom qab los ntawm daim npav ze rau "hnub no" thiab muab rau tus thawj coj. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj yog txhawm rau txhim kho qhov chaw ua haujlwm nrog txhua yam tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov haujlwm: cov ntaub ntawv, cuab yeej, khoom siv, kos duab.
saib
1. Tib qhov pom Kanban lub rooj tsavxwm ntawm qhov chaw, ntxiv rau "rub" ncaj qha los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.
2. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas tias cov txheej txheem zoo li no tuaj yeem siv tau tom qab ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm thiab nruj me ntsis muab cov haujlwm ua haujlwm (txoj kev) mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Lwm qhov sib piv nrog TPS ...
6. Kev suav nyiaj. Cov txheej txheem nyiaj txiag suav nrog kev sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm ib feem, txav qhov chaw los ntawm kev cob qhia mus rau rhiav thiab nkag mus, manually ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no rau hauv daim npav rau kev suav nyiaj ib feem-kev ua haujlwm thiab qhov chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas tau khaws cia hauv daim npav tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom muag, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus lej xov tooj ntawm cov khoom kaw tom ntej. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem nyiaj txiag yog "ib txwm", los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev siv hauv IT niaj hnub accounting systems. Tab sis cov txheej txheem "ib txwm" tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1961!
7. Kev saib xyuas dav dav kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab ntau lawm rhiav yog nqa tawm siv ib tug yooj yim thiab logic pom daim ntawv, "Cov duab sib npaug" Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los qhia tias yuav ua li cas synchronously cov khw muag khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm "auxiliary" ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub suab ntawm cov khw sib dhos. Txhua lub rooj cob qhia yuav tsum sib zog ua rau "Just-in-Time" ntau lawm, i.e. cov kab txaij grey ntawm txhua qhov kev cob qhia, lossis cov khoom lag luam ib txwm raug kaw los ntawm nws, yuav tsum tau so rau "hnub no". Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khoom tsis zoo tshaj plaws yog ib yam khoom uas yog luv luv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev cob qhia rau tsawg kawg ib feem. Kev lag luam ntawm txhua chav tsev los ntawm "hnub no" yog kwv yees hauv cov haujlwm lag luam txhua hnub - Daim duab. hauv qab no.
Tau txais los ntawm "Plan-Flow-Rhythm", A. Rodov, D. Krutyansky. Rostov Phau Ntawv Publishing House, 1964.
Cov duab zoo sib xws tau tsim rau txhua qhov chaw.
8. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb kawg ntawm Qhov System yog kev hloov pauv nyiaj hli thiab kev txhawb siab rau kev tsim khoom synchronous nrog lub sijhawm sib dhos. Cov kev hloov pauv yog qhov yooj yim, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb: tag nrho cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm ntawm lub rooj cob qhia raug txo qis rau cov hnub tom qab lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li: 1 hnub ntawm lag - 1% txo. Tom qab ntawd, cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw uas nyob tom qab lub sijhawm raug txo, thiab tom qab ntawd cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm ntawm ib tus neeg cog lus tshwj xeeb raug txo. Qhov txiaj ntsig loj ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv no yog nws qhov yooj yim thiab kev pom - ob qho tib si engineers thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub rooj cob qhia tuaj yeem pom nyob rau txhua hnub lawv tuaj yeem poob nyiaj hli ntau npaum li cas.
Kev poob ntawm Rodov System
Rodov system, los yog Novocherkassk System ntawm Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm Nruam, sai heev tau dhau los ua thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws Soviet - raws li qee cov ntaub ntawv, tsawg kawg 1500 lub tuam txhab siv nws.Rau kev sib piv, coj peb cov chaw tsim khoom uas tam sim no siv MRP-II lossis TPS cov txheej txheem tswj kev tsim khoom los npaj thiab tswj kev tsim khoom!) Thiab qhov no tsis yog xav tsis thoob, vim Rodov system tau ua los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev thov sab nraud. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum TPS nyuam qhuav pib tsim, thiab nws nyuaj rau kev xav txog ERP systems, Rodov nws tus kheej mus txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lean npaj cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab ua tau (tsis muaj lub computer!) "yog" ideology ntawm accounting rau niaj hnub ERP. Yog lawm, Rodov tsis muaj lub hom phiaj tawm tsam cov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis qhov twg ntxiv muaj xws li "kev tso nyiaj" ntawm qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis tu ncua ntawm kev npaj thiab tsim khoom? "Deposits" ΒΈ tsis tau poob lawv qhov tseeb txawm tias tam sim no.
β
Tab sis Rodov System, raws li ib tug holistic ib tug thiab siv rau kev tswj ntau lawm, tsis tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Lub kaw lus tau "sharpened" thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo heev nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no: rau kev lag luam tsim, nrog cov txheej txheem nrawm thiab tsis nrawm heev rau kev tsim thiab nthuav tawm cov khoom tshiab ntawm kev ua lag luam; nrog rau sab nraud, ruaj khov thiab qee qhov xav tau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm post-perestroika ntsoog ntawm kev lag luam thiab poob lub hlwb cov thawj coj thiab engineers, Rodov System pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog opposite kev taw qhia: tawm tsam ntau lawm. Thiab, txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov tshwj xeeb tau tsim rau hauv lub kaw lus, tsis muaj "Rodov tshiab" los hloov cov txheej txheem rau cov xwm txheej tshiab thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Tab sis cov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv tiag tiag.
- Kev lag luam xav tau tshwm sim, thiab nrog nws qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm kev kwv yees ib qho kev npaj tsim khoom ruaj khov thiab me ntsis ruaj khov.
- Cov neeg siv khoom tau tshwm sim, nrog nws cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, thiab nrog nws - nce ntau ntawm cov khoom tiav thiab lawv cov kev hloov kho, qhov xav tau hloov mus rau cov khoom me me lossis cov khoom tsim tawm thiab kev tsim cov khoom hloov pauv los txiav txim.
- Cov neeg sib tw tau tshwm sim, incl. Western thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj, nrog rau lawv - qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev hloov pauv sai ntawm cov khoom tsim, kev loj hlob sai thiab nthuav tawm cov khoom tshiab ntawm kev ua lag luam.
- Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis paub tseeb no, muaj "nthwv dej" ntawm kev hloov kho thiab kev tsim qauv hloov
- Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cov khoom lag luam ruaj khov rau cov phiaj xwm xav tau, tsim thiab txuas cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom rau cov khoom lag luam rau cov hnub tshwj xeeb.
Nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov pauv, ua haujlwm raws li Rodov system ua rau lub fact tias 90% ntawm cov purchase / tsim reserves twb nyob rau hauv MTS warehouses / nyob rau hauv kev cob qhia, ua nws pab, rau ntau - ib tug tuag pab rau cov khoom "khoom muaj nqis" ntawm daim ntawv tshuav nyiaj li cas, nrog rau kev ua tsis tiav ib txhij ntawm kev txiav txim ua tiav cov hnub kawg.
saib. Lub "backlogs" ntawm Rodovskaya System yog heev intrained nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm peb cov neeg ua haujlwm ntau lawm uas txawm tam sim no muaj ntau lub Hoobkas tab tom sim ua qauv, tsim, taug qab "backlogs" hauv kev tsim khoom, ua haujlwm "mus rau hauv av", "kaw cov koob". , stamp cov khoom siv tsis siv neeg lub tshuab rau PDO / PROSK kev sib dhos warehouse rhiav Thiab nyob rau hauv lub "science" ntawm kev tswj ntau lawm tseem tseem churn tawm cov phau ntawv (thiab, thaj, kev txawj ntse) nrog rau lub npe "Kev tswj ntawm (tam sim no) ntau lawm," qhov twg reserves thiab txoj kev rau lawv xam tau lub luag hauj lwm loj.
Ib zaug ntxiv: "rov qab" ntawm Rodov System tsis yog qhov rov qab, nws tsis yog kev ua haujlwm hauv kev ua tiav, qhov nyiaj tshuav tsawg kawg nkaus. Qhov no yog lub sijhawm ua kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm ib feem tshwj xeeb, suav kom khiav ua ntej kom xa nws "nyob rau lub sijhawm" rau kev sib dhos!
Nws yog nyob rau lub sij hawm no, tau poob dab tsi lawv muaj thiab tsis tau tsim ib yam dab tsi tshiab, Production Planning Systems tuag thiab tseem tsis tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm peb factories, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tsoos, post-Soviet sawv daws yuav. Hloov chaw: ib tug neeg tab tom sim nyem lawv tus kheej mus rau hauv lub txaj Procrustean ntawm MRP-II siv ERP systems, ib tug neeg tab tom nrhiav nrog kev khib ntawm Kanban thiab txoj kev tswj hwm lub sijhawm, paub tias qhov no ua tsis tau, ib tug neeg tsis yog ib txwm ua tsis tiav, sim tswj kev siv lawv tus kheej cov txheej txheem, ib tug neeg - cov no yog cov feem ntau kom deb li deb - tau muab tag nrho cov kev tswj rau cov muag khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm - rau tom kawg - los ntawm piecework nyiaj ua haujlwm.
Rodov system. Thib ob yug.
Tab sis qhov xwm txheej, incl. kev ua lag luam, hloov. Tam sim no vam meej kev lag luam, incl. cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv xeev muaj kev xav tau ruaj khov rau lawv cov khoom thiab tuaj yeem nyob tsis tau rau tag kis. Kev sib kis ntawm Lean cov tswv yim thiab kev tawm tsam rau kev ua tau zoo ua rau cov tuam txhab lag luam pib tsom mus rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam uas lawv muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim khoom. Thiab txawm hais tias tus naj npawb ntawm kev hloov kho tsis tau me dua, tsawg kawg yog cov no tsis yog "hlau thiab nyoob hoom qav taub."
Thiab yog hais tias Rodov System yog heev ingenious, thiab kuv twv hais tias nws yog, vim li cas ho tsis hloov nws thiab siv nws los tswj tej yam ntau lawm? Ntxiv mus, Rodov suav nrog ntau qhov kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb hauv nws, suav nrog. muaj peev xwm siv nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm instability zoo ntawm lub internal thiab sab nraud ntau lawm ib puag ncig.
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Rodov system, nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm nws lub peev xwm nrog IT technologies thiab Lean / TOC cov cuab yeej, yog hauv qab no.
1. Cov khoom tsim nyog. Los ntawm cov khoom lag luam, hauv kev txiav txim siab ib txwm, koj yuav tau tig tawm. Hloov chaw, muaj cov khoom ua-rau-order (ua-rau-order), nrog rau nws tus kheej cov qauv kev cai tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, los yog tib lub sijhawm (qhov no nyob ntawm qhov kev xav tau thiab cov khoom tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab), tuaj yeem txhais thiab siv los ua cov khoom lag luam thiab txhua hnub teem (txhua hnub tsab) los yog tacto cov. Cov. ib yam khoom (pab pawg ntawm cov khoom) tsim txhua hnub los yog raws li lub voj voog teev rau ib lub tuam txhab muab.
2. As sijhawm ntau lawm Yuav muaj ib lub sij hawm rau kev xa khoom ntawm kev txiav txim - ib qho kev txiav txim (cov khoom xa tuaj) ntxiv rau hnub npaj. Los yog ib qho khoom siv niaj hnub (takto) khi rau hnub npaj.
3. Cov kev txhim kho hauv qab no β βua hauv av" Peb tsis kam thim rov qab, nrog rau normalize lub sijhawm tso tawm mus rau hnub pib ntawm kev sib dhos. Peb hloov lawv nrog dynamic (piv txwv li mus tas li) kev npaj, lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog xam lub dynamic lead lub sij hawm (thaum npaj noj mus rau hauv tus account txwv), tso lub sij hawm, tso tawm. Muaj kev xyaum tsis muaj kev npaj hauv Rodov System, vim sab nrauv thiab sab hauv hloov maj mam. Yog li ntawd, tau teeb tsa cov kwj deg, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los txhawb thiab saib xyuas nws. Qhov xwm txheej tam sim no txawv. Qhov xwm txheej, ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud, hloov pauv, thiab nrawm heev. Thiab (rov) kev npaj yuav tsum tau ua txhua hnub. Dab tsi software thiab hardware ua tau zoo heev.
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev npaj yog nyob ntawm kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam ntawm txhua lub lag luam, tab sis cov ntsiab lus dav dav yog kwv yees li hauv qab no.
ib. Txhua lub caij ntawm lub sijhawm tsim khoom - ib qho kev txiav txim (cov khoom lag luam uas tau txiav txim) yog npaj nyias, los ntawm cov khoom tiav, "down" thiab "mus rau sab laug", raws li cov lus qhia thiab lub sijhawm sib dhos. Nrog kev khaws cia ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm txhua qhov, sib dhos lossis cov khoom ua haujlwm, nrog lub taub hau txiav txim (saib daim duab hauv qab). Hauv qhov no, txhua lub rooj cob qhia yuav tuaj yeem pom qhov kev txiav txim uas lawv yuav tsum tsim cov khoom, thiab, qhov sib txawv, txhua qhov kev txiav txim "pom" qhov tshwj xeeb rau nws tsim. Qhov no yog "cov lus qhia" (raws li cov neeg siv khoom xaj) cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom.
Cov lus qhia txog kev muaj peev xwm accounting. Nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub tuam txhab, lub peev xwm yuav tsis raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum lub sij hawm npaj (qhov no, lub sij hawm takt yog xam rau cov khoom pawg thiab lub peev xwm yog sib npaug rau takt, nrog rau cov cuab yeej Lean), los yog kev npaj yog ua los ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis. , siv, incl. optimization algorithms.
b. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm tib yam khoom thiab ib tug quasi-stable ntau lawm lub sij hawm, nws muaj peev xwm tswj "backlogs" nrog lub koom haum ntawm ib tug rub-out launch scheme siv hluav taws xob kanbans. Qhov no yog qhov kev siv ntawm "rub-rub" txoj kev npaj, txhim kho los ntawm "nruas-buffer-rope" thiab TOC xim signaling algorithms. Saib daim duab. hauv qab no.
4. Card Performance index ntawm proportionality. Tom qab kev npaj tsis siv neeg (lossis tom qab lub cim tsis siv neeg ntawm "kanban" rau kev xa tawm mus ntxiv rau lub tsev khaws khoom nruab nrab), txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm / chaw / chaw ua haujlwm tau txais ob qho kev npaj tsim khoom thiab cov phiaj xwm tso tawm rau qhov tshwj xeeb rau kev txiav txim tshwj xeeb - "daim npav sib npaug" hauv electronic form (Pib - saib hauv qab no). Txhawm rau txwv qhov kev tshaj tawm ntau dua li qhov xav tau (tshwj xeeb yog muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov nyiaj ua haujlwm piecework), lub phiaj xwm tso tawm yog "qhib" rau kev saib los ntawm txhua qhov kev cob qhia / cheeb tsam tsuas yog rau lub sijhawm teem tseg - "lub qhov rais qhib" - txhais rau txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm / cheeb tsam. Thaum tau txais kev tsim cov teeb liab rub tawm, lub phiaj xwm tso tawm tsuas yog txwv los ntawm kanban generated rau kev rov ua dua ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab nruab nrab. Hauv "cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob", lub luag haujlwm ntawm "cov khoom lag luam" yog ua los ntawm daim npav hluav taws xob "kanban", luam tawm (nrog bar code) thiab uas yog ob qho tib si lub teeb liab tawm thiab cov ntaub ntawv nrog thiab cov analogue (lossis tag nrho. correspondence) ntawm txoj kev map.
5. Lub koom haum ntawm kev tsim khoom. Hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nws tuaj yeem siv tau zoo ib yam li Rodov System: rau txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm / mis nyuj ntawm txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm, lub phiaj xwm xa tawm yog tsim thiab luam tawm hauv tshuab hluav taws xob. Lub phiaj xwm tso tawm yog zoo ib yam li cov lus qhia saum toj no, tab sis nrog kev qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ib feem (lossis - qhov chaw nkag, piv txwv li - pab pawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm), nrog cov teeb liab xim ntawm kev npaj tsim khoom (muaj cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm / CNC program, cov cuab yeej, cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv / workpieces lossis cov khoom ua tiav nrog cov seem dhau los). Tom ntej no, txawm lub site foreman los yog lub executor ncaj qha luam tawm lub kanban (los yog, lub Soviet analogue ntawm kanban - ib txoj kev daim ntawv qhia) los ntawm ib tug muaj raws li lub qhov rais launching thiab muaj, thiab pib ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv no version, "Xaiv los ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm" yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub tiaj tus saib ntawm lub rhiav / qhov chaw, los yog, siv kov-cov ntxaij vab tshaus, los ntawm analogy nrog them nyiaj terminals rau mobile thiab nqi hluav taws xob cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub supermarkets. Hauv qhov kawg, tus neeg ua haujlwm tau txais kev nkag mus rau nws cov ntaub ntawv siv nws daim ntawv sib nqus.
6. Kev suav nyiaj tso tawm-tso tawm, suav nyiaj rau kev ua haujlwm (yog tias tsim nyog kiag li); ntxiv kev txav mus los ntawm qhov chaw hla ntu / khw muag khoom yog ua los ntawm kev siv barcoding, scanning kanbans lossis cov npav hla dhau ntawm ntu. Ob leeg / thiab - los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tawm tswv yim los ntawm tus tswv / tus thawj coj / tus tswj hwm ntawm BTK los ntawm "cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm". Qhov no txo ββqis cov nqi zog rau kev suav nyiaj thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom tag nrho - thaum lub sijhawm nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv, "kev pab them nqi" ntawm kev txiav txim / cov khoom siv lub voj voog tau txiav txim siab suav nrog kev pom cov ntaub ntawv ntawm "Xaiv" (saib saum toj) thiab "Synchronicity"" (saib hauv qab). Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam tam sim ntawd pom dab tsi tau ua thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm, thiab, yog li ntawd, cov nyiaj khwv tau los nyob rau hauv lub hnub (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug ua tiav los yog lub sij hawm-raws li kev them nyiaj system).
7. Saib xyuas.
ib. Txhua hnub, raws li qhov tseeb tias cov haujlwm tsim khoom tau ua tiav, "xav" version ntawm cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom raug tsim, raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: qhov tseeb + qhov seem (lub sijhawm) ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
b. Daim ntawv "proportionality chart", nws yog "Synchronicity", lub ntsiab cuab tam rau kev saib xyuas lub voj voog ua haujlwm ntawm kev cob qhia, yog tsim los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm "qhia" thiab "xam" txoj kev npaj ntawm "proportionality chart" (hauv qab no).
c. Thiab, raws li cov cuab yeej hloov maj mam ntxiv rau kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv, incl. thiab ib leeg, cov neeg muag khoom sab hauv ntawm cov saw khoom tsim khoom - "tus neeg tsim khoom lag luam".
xaus
Cov txheej txheem no, hu ua Planning and Monitoring System, tau tsim los ntawm peb pab neeg tau ntau xyoo thiab tau txais daim ntawv ua tiav thiab cov txheej txheem los ntawm 2009. Xyoo tom ntej, hauv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav txuas ntxiv mus rau cov kev daws teeb meem zoo dua rau cov teeb meem kev npaj tsim khoom, peb rov tshawb pom Rodov System. Tom qab ntawd peb nthuav tawm lub tswv yim nrog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshaj tawm thiab kev saib xyuas: "Xaiv" ("Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj"), khw thiab cheeb tsam, "Synchronicity" ("Proportionality Chart"). Lub sijhawm no, lub tswv yim piav qhia tau ua tiav ob qho tib si ntawm cov nroj tsuag qub thiab ntawm cov tshiab: NAZ im. V.P. Chkalov thiab KnAAZ muaj npe tom qab Yu.A. Gagarin ("Sukhoi"), KVZ ("Lavxias teb sab Helicopters"), "GSS" (nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev npaj thiab saib xyuas cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv ntau theem), thiab lwm yam. Thawj qhov uas nquag siv Rodov System.
Kev xyaum tau pom tias lub tswv yim saum toj no ntawm kev npaj thiab kev saib xyuas, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm Rodov System, tau nkag siab tshiab thiab ua raws li cov kev tswj hwm tshiab, tuaj yeem ua tiav sai thiab siv tau zoo rau cov kev lag luam nyuaj tshaj plaws. Rau qhov yooj yim dua, qhov kev daws teeb meem yuav yooj yim dua, sai dua thiab, qhov tseeb, "txoj kev tawm ntawm lub thawv" (tam sim no peb tab tom mus rau lub hom phiaj no). Thiab tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav ua tau zoo los ntawm cov tuam txhab lawv tus kheej - ib yam li thawj Rodov system. Tab sis tus nres ntawm no, ib txwm muaj, yog lub xub ntiag ntawm tus neeg siv khoom ntawm lub lag luam nrog lub hwj chim thiab kev nkag siab, muaj lub hlwb thiab kev xav zoo nyob rau theem kev tswj hwm nruab nrab, thiab, tsis ntev los no, feem ntau ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntau lawm. Thawj ob qho xwm txheej yog qhov tsim nyog thiab txaus rau kev ua tiav, qhov kawg yog txiav txim siab lub sijhawm hloov mus rau qhov system tshiab.
Hmoov tsis zoo, theem ntawm thawj, thib ob thiab thib peb tam sim no qis dua li qib tau piav qhia (nruab nrab ntawm kab) los ntawm Rodov thiab Krutyansky xyoo 1961. Ntau tus ntawm lawv muaj cov cuab yeej tshiab, tau kawg, tab sis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub hlwb thiab cov thawj coj muaj peev xwm. Ib yam li qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab lis kev cai tsim khoom, los ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw thiab kev sau nyiaj hauv cov tsev khaws khoom / hauv kev tsim khoom rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cob qhia thiab kev tswj hwm kev tsim khoom. Cia peb cia siab thiab ua haujlwm hauv qhov kev taw qhia tias qhov xwm txheej no yuav hloov mus rau qhov zoo dua. Nrog rau kev txhawb siab ntawm cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia saum toj no.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com