Lub sij hawm lub rooj ntawm tsev kawm ntawv computer science

(Control cards)
(Dedicated rau lub International Xyoo ntawm Lub Sijhawm Table ntawm Tshuaj Chemical Elements)
(Qhov tseeb ntxiv tau ua rau lub Plaub Hlis 8, 2019. Daim ntawv teev npe ntxiv yog tam sim hauv qab qhov txiav)

(Mendeleev paj, Tau qhov twg los)

Kuv nco qab tias peb dhau lawm os. Cov no yog peb zaj lus qhia ib zaug: geography, natural science thiab Lavxias teb sab. Hauv kev kawm txuj ci, ib tug duck tau kawm ua duck, dab tsi nws muaj tis, nws txhais ceg twg, nws ua luam dej li cas, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv ib zaj lus qhia geography, tib duck tau kawm raws li ib tug neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb: nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia rau hauv daim ntawv qhia nws nyob qhov twg thiab qhov twg nws tsis. Hauv Lavxias, Serafima Petrovna tau qhia peb sau "u-t-k-a" thiab nyeem ib yam dab tsi txog ducks los ntawm Brem. Thaum dhau los, nws tau qhia peb tias hauv German os yog zoo li no, thiab hauv Fabkis zoo li qhov no. Kuv xav tias nws tau hu ua "txoj kev nyuaj" rov qab los. Feem ntau, txhua yam tawm los "nyob rau hauv dhau."

Veniamin Kaverin, Ob tug thawj coj

Nyob rau hauv cov lus saum toj no, Veniamin Kaverin masterfully qhia qhov tsis txaus ntawm txoj kev qhia nyuaj, txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee qhov (tej zaum tsis tshua muaj), cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov ncaj ncees. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo li no yog D.I. Mendeleev lub rooj sib tham hauv tsev kawm ntawv computer science. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm software automation ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm ib txwm nrog lub rooj sib tham yog qhov tseeb rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas tau pib kawm chemistry, thiab muab faib ua ntau yam teeb meem tshuaj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm computer science, txoj hauj lwm no tso cai rau peb los ua ib tug yooj yim daim ntawv teev cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj phaib, uas yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau graphical programming, to taub nyob rau hauv lub dav kev nkag siab ntawm lo lus li programming siv graphic ntsiab.

(Lub Plaub Hlis 8, 2019 ntxiv tau ua:
Ntxiv 1: Yuav Ua Li Cas Chemistry Tshuab xam zauv ua haujlwm
Cov ntawv ntxiv 2: piv txwv ntawm cov haujlwm rau cov lim dej)

Cia peb pib nrog txoj haujlwm yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws, lub sij hawm lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov screen nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais daim ntawv, qhov twg nyob rau hauv txhua lub cell yuav muaj ib tug tshuaj npe ntawm lub caij: H - hydrogen, nws - helium, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias tus nas cursor taw qhia rau lub xov tooj ntawm tes, tom qab ntawd lub npe ntawm lub caij thiab nws tus lej tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm peb daim ntawv. Yog tias tus neeg siv nias LMB, tom qab ntawd lub npe thiab tus lej ntawm cov khoom xaiv no yuav raug qhia hauv lwm daim ntawv.

Qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem daws tau siv txhua yam lus thoob ntiaj teb. Peb yuav coj qhov yooj yim qub Delpi-7, uas yog to taub rau yuav luag txhua tus. Tab sis ua ntej programming hauv PL, cia peb kos ob daim duab, piv txwv li, hauv Photoshop. Ua ntej, cia peb kos Lub Sijhawm Table hauv daim ntawv peb xav pom nws hauv qhov program. Txuag qhov tshwm sim hauv cov duab nraaj tab 01.bmp.

Rau daim duab thib ob peb siv thawj zaug. Peb yuav ua raws li cov kab lus sib txuas, tshem tawm tag nrho cov duab, nrog cov xim tshwj xeeb hauv RGB xim qauv. R thiab G yuav ib txwm yog 0, thiab B = 1 rau hydrogen, 2 rau helium, thiab lwm yam. Daim duab no yuav yog peb daim npav tswj hwm, uas peb yuav khaws cia hauv cov ntaub ntawv hu ua tab 2.bmp.

Thawj theem ntawm graphic programming hauv Photoshop tiav. Cia peb mus rau graphical GUI programming hauv Delpi-7 IDE. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, qhib qhov project tshiab, qhov twg ntawm daim ntawv tseem ceeb peb tso lub pob dialog (tableDlg), nyob rau hauv uas ua hauj lwm nrog lub rooj yuav tshwm sim. Tom ntej no peb ua haujlwm nrog daim ntawv tableDlg.

Muab ib qho piv txwv ntawm chav kawm rau hauv daim ntawv TIAG. Peb tau Image1. Nco ntsoov tias feem ntau, rau cov haujlwm loj, cia li tsim cov npe ntawm daim ntawv ImageNqhov twg N tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau lub kaum os lossis ntau dua - qhov no tsis yog qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, thiab cov npe tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau muab. Tab sis nyob rau hauv peb qhov project me me, qhov twg N yuav tsis tshaj 2, koj tuaj yeem tso nws raws li generated.

Rau khoom Duab 1. Daim duab upload cov ntaub ntawv tab 01.bmp. Peb tsim Image2 thiab thauj peb daim npav tswj qhov ntawd tab 2.bmp. Hauv qhov no, peb ua cov ntaub ntawv me me thiab pom tsis tau rau tus neeg siv, raws li qhia hauv qab sab laug ntawm daim ntawv. Peb ntxiv cov ntsiab lus tswj hwm, lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov pom tseeb. Qhov thib ob theem ntawm graphical GUI programming hauv Delpi-7 IDE tiav.

Cia peb mus rau theem thib peb - ​​sau cov lej hauv Delpi-7 IDE. Lub module muaj tsuas yog tsib qhov kev tshwm sim handlers: form creation (FormCreate), tus cursor txav Image1 (Image1MouseMove), nyem LMB ntawm ib lub xov tooj (Duab1Click) thiab tawm hauv lub dialog siv cov nyees khawm OK (OKBtnClick) lossis Cancel (CancelBtnClick). Cov headers ntawm cov handlers no yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas siv cov IDE.

Module source code:

unit tableUnit;
// Периодическая таблица химических элементов Д.И.Менделеева
//
// third112
// https://habr.com/ru/users/third112/
//
// Оглавление
// 1) создание формы
// 2) работа с таблицей: указание и выбор
// 3) выход из диалога

interface

uses Windows, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Forms, Controls, StdCtrls, 
  Buttons, ExtCtrls;

const
 size = 104; // число элементов
 
type
 TtableDlg = class(TForm)
    OKBtn: TButton;
    CancelBtn: TButton;
    Bevel1: TBevel;
    Image1: TImage;  //таблица химических элементов
    Label1: TLabel;
    Image2: TImage;  //управляющая карта
    Label2: TLabel;
    Edit1: TEdit;
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject); // создание формы
    procedure Image1MouseMove(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState; X,
      Y: Integer);                        // указание клетки
    procedure Image1Click(Sender: TObject); // выбор клетки
    procedure OKBtnClick(Sender: TObject);  // OK
    procedure CancelBtnClick(Sender: TObject); // Cancel
  private
    { Private declarations }
    TableSymbols : array [1..size] of string [2]; // массив обозначений элементов
  public
    { Public declarations }
    selectedElement : string; // выбранный элемент
    currNo : integer;         // текущий номер элемента
  end;

var
  tableDlg: TtableDlg;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

const
PeriodicTableStr1=
'HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKrRbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLa';
PeriodicTableStr2='CePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLu';
PeriodicTableStr3='HfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRnFrRaAc';
PeriodicTableStr4='ThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrKu ';

// создание формы  ==================================================

procedure TtableDlg.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
// создание формы
var
  s : string;
  i,j : integer;
begin
  currNo := 0;
// инициализация массива обозначений элементов:
  s := PeriodicTableStr1+ PeriodicTableStr2+PeriodicTableStr3+PeriodicTableStr4;
  j := 1;
  for i :=1 to size do
   begin
     TableSymbols [i] := s[j];
     inc (j);
     if s [j] in ['a'..'z'] then
      begin
        TableSymbols [i] := TableSymbols [i]+ s [j];
        inc (j);
      end; // if s [j] in
   end; // for i :=1
end; // FormCreate ____________________________________________________

// работа с таблицей: указание и выбор =========================================

procedure TtableDlg.Image1MouseMove(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState;
  X, Y: Integer);
// указание клетки
var
  sl : integer;
begin
  sl := GetBValue(Image2.Canvas.Pixels [x,y]);
  if sl in [1..size] then
   begin
    Label1.Caption := intToStr (sl)+ ' '+TableSymbols [sl];
    currNo := sl;
   end
  else
    Label1.Caption := 'Select element:';
end; // Image1MouseMove   ____________________________________________________

procedure TtableDlg.Image1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  if currNo <> 0 then
   begin
    selectedElement := TableSymbols [currNo];
    Label2.Caption := intToStr (currNo)+ ' '+selectedElement+ ' selected';
    Edit1.Text := selectedElement;
   end;
end; // Image1Click  ____________________________________________________

// выход из диалога  ==================================================

procedure TtableDlg.OKBtnClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
    selectedElement := Edit1.Text;
    hide;
end;  // OKBtnClick ____________________________________________________

procedure TtableDlg.CancelBtnClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
  hide;
end;  // CancelBtnClick ____________________________________________________

end.

Nyob rau hauv peb version, peb coj ib lub rooj ntawm 104 ntsiab ( tas li loj). Pom tseeb qhov loj me tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. Element designations (chemical symbols) yog sau rau ib qho array TableSymbols. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov laj thawj ntawm kev cog lus ntawm qhov chaws, nws zoo li yuav tsum tau sau cov kab ke ntawm cov ntawv sau no hauv daim ntawv ntawm txoj hlua tsis tu ncua. PeriodicTableStr1..., PeriodicTableStr4yog li ntawd thaum tsim daim ntawv, qhov kev pab cuam nws tus kheej scatters cov designations ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm lub array. Txhua lub ntsiab lus xaiv muaj ib lossis ob tsab ntawv Latin, nrog rau thawj tsab ntawv yog tus loj thiab thib ob (yog tias muaj) tus lej qis. Txoj cai yooj yim no yog siv thaum thauj khoom array. Yog li, qhov sib lawv liag ntawm cov ntawv sau tuaj yeem sau tau yooj yim yam tsis muaj qhov chaw. Txhaum ib ntu ua plaub ntu (constants PeriodicTableStr1..., PeriodicTableStr4) yog vim kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov yooj yim ntawm kev nyeem cov cai, vim Ib kab uas ntev dhau lawm yuav tsis haum tag nrho ntawm qhov screen.

Thaum tus nas cursor txav mus rau hauv Image1 tus tuav Image1MouseMove qhov kev tshwm sim no txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm cov xim xiav ntawm daim npav tswj pixel Image2 rau tus cursor coordinates tam sim no. Los ntawm kev tsim kho Image2 tus nqi no yog sib npaug rau tus lej xov tooj yog tias tus cursor nyob hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes; xoom yog nyob rau ciam teb, thiab 255 lwm yam. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb uas tau ua los ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb thiab tsis tas yuav piav qhia.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov txheej txheem stylistic programming tau sau tseg saum toj no, nws tsim nyog sau cov lus tawm tswv yim. Hais lus nruj me ntsis, cov cai sib tham yog me me thiab yooj yim heev uas cov lus pom tsis zoo li tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem txheej txheem - cov cai luv luv tso cai rau peb ua qee cov lus xaus kom meej meej. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem nthuav tawm ib chav kawm tau tshaj tawm (TtableDlg). Cov txheej txheem ntawm chav kawm no tuaj yeem hloov pauv thiab qhov no yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov program hauv txhua txoj kev, tab sis yuav cuam tshuam rau nws qhov kev nyeem tau. Piv txwv li, xav txog cov kab ke:

OKBtnClick, Image1MouseMove, FormCreate, Image1Click, CancelBtnClick.

Tej zaum nws yuav tsis pom zoo, tab sis nws yuav dhau los ua qhov nyuaj me ntsis los nyeem thiab nkag siab. Yog tias tsis muaj tsib, tab sis kaum lub sij hawm ntau txoj hauv kev kev siv lawv muaj qhov kev txiav txim sib txawv kiag li hauv cov lus piav qhia hauv chav kawm, ces qhov kev ntxhov siab tsuas yog nce ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nruj me ntsis ua pov thawj thiab tej zaum yuav tsis yooj yim sua, ib tug muaj peev xwm cia siab hais tias qhia ntxiv kev txiav txim yuav txhim kho lub readability ntawm cov cai. Qhov kev txiav txim ntxiv no tau yooj yim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev uas ua cov haujlwm muaj feem cuam tshuam. Txhua pab pawg yuav tsum tau muab lub npe, piv txwv li:

// работа с таблицей: указание и выбор

Cov ncauj lus no yuav tsum tau theej rau qhov pib ntawm lub module thiab formatted raws li lub ntsiab lus. Qee zaum ntawm cov modules ntev heev, cov ntsiab lus zoo li no muab kev xaiv ntxiv rau kev taw qhia. Ib yam li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub cev ntev ntawm ib txoj kev, txheej txheem lossis kev ua haujlwm, nws tsim nyog, ua ntej, kos qhov kawg ntawm lub cev no:

end; // FormCreate

thiab, qhov thib ob, nyob rau hauv cov lus hais nrog cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm pib - xaus, kos cov lus uas lub kaw lus hais txog:

      end; // if s [j] in
   end; // for i :=1
end; // FormCreate

Txhawm rau hais txog pawg headers thiab qhov kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem lub cev, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov kab uas ntev dua li cov nqe lus feem ntau thiab suav nrog, piv txwv li, ntawm cov cim “=” thiab “_”, raws li.
Ntxiv dua thiab, peb yuav tsum ua kom tau txais kev tshwj tseg: peb tus qauv yog qhov yooj yim heev. Thiab thaum txoj cai ntawm ib txoj kev tsis haum ntawm ib qho screen, nws tuaj yeem nyuaj rau kev nkag siab txog rau qhov kawg sib law liag kom hloov cov cai. Hauv qee qhov qub compilers, piv txwv li, Pascal 8000 rau OS IBM 360/370, kab kev pabcuam zoo li no tau luam tawm ntawm sab laug hauv cov npe.

B5
…
E5

Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub kaw lus kaw ntawm kab E5 sib raug rau qhov qhib kab lus ntawm kab B5.

Ntawm chav kawm, programming style yog qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb, yog li cov tswv yim qhia ntawm no yuav tsum tau coj los ua tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li cov khoom noj rau kev xav. Nws tuaj yeem nyuaj heev rau ob tus kws tshaj lij kev paub dhau los, uas tau tsim thiab ua kom haum rau cov qauv sib txawv hauv ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tuaj yeem pom zoo. Nws yog ib qho teeb meem sib txawv rau cov tub ntxhais kawm kev kawm rau qhov kev pab cuam uas tseem tsis tau muaj sij hawm los nrhiav nws tus kheej style. Kuv xav tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum tsawg kawg yog qhia rau nws cov tub ntxhais kawm xws li ib tug yooj yim, tab sis tsis pom tseeb lub tswv yim rau lawv hais tias txoj kev vam meej ntawm ib tug kev pab cuam feem ntau nyob ntawm cov style nyob rau hauv uas nws cov code sau. Cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsis ua raws li cov qauv pom zoo, tab sis cia nws tsawg kawg xav txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua "ntxiv" los txhim kho qhov tsim ntawm qhov chaws.

Rov qab mus rau peb qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm Lub Sij Hawm Lub Sij Hawm: kev txhim kho ntxiv tuaj yeem mus rau ntau qhov kev qhia. Ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia yog siv rau kev siv: thaum koj tuav tus cursor nas hla lub xov tooj ntawm tes, lub qhov rai cov ntaub ntawv tshwm muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Kev txhim kho ntxiv yog cov lim dej. Piv txwv li, nyob ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa, cov ntaub ntawv qhov rai yuav tsuas muaj: cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb pom, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev faib khoom, cov npe ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws (uas suav nrog cov khoom no), physiological zog, lub npe nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv teb chaws lus, thiab lwm yam. e. Nco ntsoov Kaverin lub "duck" uas tsab xov xwm no pib, peb muaj peev xwm hais tias nrog rau qhov kev loj hlob ntawm qhov kev pab cuam peb yuav tau txais ib tug ua tiav kev kawm complex nyob rau hauv lub ntuj sciences: ntxiv rau lub computer. science, physics thiab chemistry - biology, economic geography, keeb kwm ntawm science thiab txawm txawv teb chaws hom lus.

Tab sis ib lub zos database tsis yog qhov txwv. Qhov kev pab cuam ib txwm txuas rau Is Taws Nem. Thaum koj xaiv ib lub caij, qhov txuas tau qhib, thiab Wikipedia tsab xov xwm hais txog lub caij no tau qhib rau hauv lub web browser qhov rai. Wikipedia, raws li koj paub, tsis yog qhov chaw tso cai. Koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa cov ntawv txuas mus rau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, piv txwv li, tshuaj encyclopedia, TSB, cov ntawv xov xwm tsis meej, xaj cov lus nug hauv kev tshawb fawb xyaw rau lub caij no, thiab lwm yam. Qhov ntawd. Cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tuaj yeem ua tiav cov haujlwm yooj yim tab sis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm DBMS thiab cov ncauj lus hauv Internet.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov lus nug ntawm ib tus neeg lub caij, koj tuaj yeem tsim kev ua haujlwm uas yuav, piv txwv li, khij lub hlwb hauv lub rooj uas ua tau raws li qee cov qauv nrog cov xim sib txawv. Piv txwv li, hlau thiab tsis yog hlau. Los yog cov hlwb uas muab pov tseg rau hauv dej hauv lub cev los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj hauv zos.

Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv lub luag haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv sau cia. Piv txwv li, tsom rau hauv lub rooj cov ntsiab lus uas suav nrog hauv kev xeem. Tom qab ntawd taw qhia cov ntsiab lus kawm / rov hais dua los ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv hauv kev npaj rau kev xeem.

Thiab ntawm no, piv txwv li, yog ib qho teeb meem hauv tsev kawm ntawv chemistry:

Muab 10 g ntawm chalk. Yuav tsum tau npaum li cas hydrochloric acid kom yaj tag nrho cov chalk?

Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau sau cov tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab muab cov coefficients tso rau hauv nws, suav cov luj molecular ntawm calcium carbonate thiab hydrogen chloride, ces sau thiab daws qhov kev faib ua feem. Lub laij lej raws li peb txoj haujlwm yooj yim tuaj yeem suav thiab daws tau. Muaj tseeb, koj tseem yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias cov kua qaub yuav tsum tau noj ntau dhau thiab muaj qhov tsim nyog, tab sis qhov no yog chemistry, tsis yog computer science.
Ntxiv 1: Yuav Ua Li Cas Chemistry Tshuab xam zauv ua haujlwmCia peb txheeb xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab xam zauv uas siv cov piv txwv ntawm cov teeb meem saum toj no ntawm chalk thiab "hodgepodge". Cia peb pib nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:

CaCO3 + 2HCl = CaCl2 + H2O

Los ntawm qhov no peb pom tias peb yuav xav tau qhov hnyav atomic ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: calcium (Ca), carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H) thiab chlorine (Cl). Hauv qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, peb tuaj yeem sau cov qhov hnyav no rau hauv ib qho array uas txhais tau tias

AtomicMass : array [1..size] of real;

qhov twg qhov array Performance index sib raug mus rau tus lej. Ntxiv rau qhov chaw dawb ntawm daim ntawv tableDlg muab ob daim teb. Hauv thawj daim teb nws tau pib sau: "Thawj reagent tau muab", hauv qhov thib ob - "Qhov thib ob reagent yog nrhiav x". Cia peb qhia cov teb reagent 1, reagent 2 raws. Lwm qhov ntxiv rau qhov kev zov me nyuam yuav pom tseeb los ntawm cov piv txwv hauv qab no ntawm lub tshuab xam zauv.

Peb ntaus rau ntawm lub computer keyboard: 10 g. Inscription nyob rau hauv lub teb reagent 1 Kev hloov pauv: "Thawj reagent tau muab 10 g." Tam sim no peb nkag mus rau cov qauv ntawm cov reagent no, thiab lub tshuab xam zauv yuav xam thiab qhia nws qhov hnyav molecular thaum koj nkag rau nws.

Nyem LMB ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes nrog lub cim Ca. Inscription nyob rau hauv daim teb reagent 1 Kev hloov pauv: "Thawj reagent Ca 40.078 muab 10 g."

Nyem LMB ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes nrog lub cim C. Inscription hauv daim teb reagent 1 Kev hloov pauv: "Thawj reagent CaC 52.089 muab 10 g." Cov. Lub laij lej ntxiv qhov hnyav atomic ntawm calcium thiab carbon.

Nyem LMB ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes nrog lub cim O. Inscription hauv daim teb reagent 1 Kev hloov pauv: "Thawj reagent CaCO 68.088 muab 10 g." Lub laij lej ntxiv qhov hnyav atomic ntawm oxygen rau cov lej.

Nyem LMB ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes nrog lub cim O. Inscription hauv daim teb reagent 1 Kev hloov pauv: "Thawj reagent CaCO2 84.087 muab 10 g." Lub laij lej ib zaug ntxiv qhov hnyav atomic ntawm oxygen rau cov lej.

Nyem LMB ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes nrog lub cim O. Inscription hauv daim teb reagent 1 Kev hloov pauv: "Thawj reagent CaCO3 100.086 muab 10 g." Lub laij lej rov ntxiv qhov hnyav atomic ntawm oxygen rau cov lej.

Nias Enter ntawm koj lub computer keyboard. Kev taw qhia ntawm thawj reagent tau ua tiav thiab hloov mus rau thaj chaw reagent 2. Nco ntsoov tias hauv qhov piv txwv no peb muab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus version. Yog tias xav tau, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim teeb tsa cov sib npaug ntawm cov atoms ntawm tib hom, yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, koj tsis tas yuav nias xya zaug ua ke ntawm cov pa oxygen thaum nkag mus rau cov mis chromium (K2Cr2O7).

Nyem LMB ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes nrog lub cim H. Inscription hauv daim teb reagent 2 Kev hloov pauv: "Second reagent H 1.008 nrhiav x."

Nyem LMB ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes nrog lub cim Cl. Inscription nyob rau hauv daim teb reagent 2 Hloov: "Second reagent HCl 36.458 nrhiav x." Lub laij lej tau ntxiv qhov hnyav atomic ntawm hydrogen thiab chlorine. Hauv qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saum toj no, hydrogen chloride yog ua ntej los ntawm tus coefficient ntawm 2. Yog li ntawd, nyem LMB ntawm daim teb. reagent 2. Qhov hnyav molecular doubles (triples thaum nias ob zaug, thiab lwm yam). Inscription nyob rau hauv daim teb reagent 2 Kev hloov pauv: "Second reagent 2HCl 72.916 nrhiav x."

Nias Enter ntawm koj lub computer keyboard. Qhov kev nkag ntawm qhov thib ob reagent tau ua tiav, thiab lub laij lej pom x ntawm qhov kev faib ua feem

Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb yuav tsum nrhiav.

Nco ntsoov 1. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev faib ua feem: rau kev sib cais 100.086 Da chalk xav tau 72.916 Da acid, thiab kom yaj 10 g ntawm chalk koj xav tau x acid.

Nco ntsoov 2. Kev sau cov teeb meem zoo sib xws:

Khomchenko I.G., Sau cov teeb meem thiab kev tawm dag zog hauv chemistry 2009 (qib 8-11).
Khomchenko G.P., Khomchenko I.G., Sau cov teeb meem hauv chemistry rau cov neeg thov rau cov tsev kawm qib siab, 2019.

Nco ntsoov 3. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim txoj haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim nkag ntawm cov qauv hauv thawj version thiab tsuas yog ntxiv cov cim cim mus rau qhov kawg ntawm cov qauv kab. Tom qab ntawd cov mis ntawm calcium carbonate yuav yog:
CaCOOO
Tab sis tus kws qhia chemistry tsis zoo li yuav nyiam cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg. Nws tsis yooj yim los ua qhov tseeb nkag - ua qhov no koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv ib qho array:

formula : array [1..size] of integer;

qhov twg qhov Performance index yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab tus nqi ntawm qhov Performance index yog tus naj npawb ntawm atoms (thaum pib tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov array yog rov qab mus rau xoom). Qhov kev txiav txim uas atoms tau sau rau hauv ib qho qauv, raws li tau txais hauv chemistry, yuav tsum tau muab coj los rau hauv tus account. Piv txwv li, ob peb tus neeg yuav nyiam O3CaC ib yam. Cia peb hloov lub luag haujlwm rau tus neeg siv. Ua ib qho array:

 formulaOrder : array [1..size] of integer; // можно взять покороче

qhov twg peb sau cov naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj raws li qhov ntsuas ntawm nws cov tsos hauv cov qauv. Ntxiv ib qho atom currNo nyob rau hauv lub formula:

if formula [currNo]=0 then //этот атом встретился первый раз
 begin
 orderIndex := orderIndex+1;//в начале ввода формулы orderIndex=0
 formulaOrder [orderIndex] :=  currNo;
 end;
formula [currNo]:=formula [currNo]+1;

Sau tus qauv rau ib kab:

s := ''; // пустая строка для формулы
for i:=1 to  orderIndex do // для всех хим.символов в формуле 
 begin
 s:=s+TableSymbols [ formulaOrder[i]];// добавляем хим.символ
 if formula [formulaOrder[i]]<>1 then //добавляем кол-во атомов
  s:=s+ intToStr(formula [formulaOrder[i]]);
 end;

Nco ntsoov 4. Nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab muab lub peev xwm hloov pauv nkag mus rau cov mis reagent los ntawm cov keyboard. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau siv qhov parser yooj yim.

Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias:

Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau pua versions ntawm lub rooj, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub muab cov kev xaiv tshiab. (Wikipedia)

Cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem qhia lawv qhov kev txawj ntse hauv qhov kev taw qhia no los ntawm kev siv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv uas twb tau hais tseg lawm lossis sim ua lawv tus kheej qub. Tej zaum nws yuav zoo li qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev taw qhia rau kev kawm computer science. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Lub Sij Hawm Lub Sij Hawm tau siv nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, qee cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsis pom qhov zoo ntawm daim npav tswj hwm los ntawm lwm txoj kev daws teeb meem uas siv cov txheej txheem khawm. TButton. Cov duab kauv ntawm lub rooj (qhov twg cov hlwb muaj cov duab sib txawv) yuav qhia tau meej meej txog qhov zoo ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm no.

(Lwm txoj hauv kev ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm Theodore Benfey, Tau qhov twg los)

Cia peb ntxiv hais tias ib tug xov tooj ntawm tam sim no cov khoos phis tawj uas twb muaj lawm rau Lub Sij Hawm Lub Sij Hawm tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no luam tawm ntawm Habré Tshooj.

Daim ntawv ntxiv 2: piv txwv ntawm cov dej num rau cov lim dejSiv cov ntxaij lim dej koj tuaj yeem daws tau, piv txwv li, cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

1) Xaiv nyob rau hauv lub rooj tag nrho cov ntsiab lus paub nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog.

2) Txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov ntsiab lus paub thaum lub sijhawm tshawb pom ntawm Txoj Cai Lij Choj.

3) Txheeb xyuas xya lub ntsiab lus uas alchemists suav tias yog hlau.

4) Xaiv tag nrho cov khoom uas nyob rau hauv lub xeev gaseous nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob (n.s.).

5) Xaiv tag nrho cov khoom uas nyob hauv lub xeev ua kua ntawm no.

6) Xaiv tag nrho cov ntsiab lus uas nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov ntawm no.

7) Xaiv tag nrho cov ntsiab lus uas tuaj yeem raug huab cua rau lub sijhawm ntev yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj.

8) Xaiv tag nrho cov hlau uas yaj hauv hydrochloric acid.

9) Xaiv tag nrho cov hlau uas yaj hauv sulfuric acid ntawm no.

10) Xaiv tag nrho cov hlau uas yaj hauv sulfuric acid thaum rhuab.

11) Xaiv tag nrho cov hlau uas yaj hauv nitric acid.

12) cais tag nrho cov hlau uas cuam tshuam nrog dej ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig.

13) Xaiv tag nrho cov hlau.

14) Txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus uas nthuav dav hauv qhov xwm txheej.

15) Txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus uas pom muaj nyob hauv cov xwm txheej hauv lub xeev dawb.

16) Txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj lub cev.

17) Xaiv cov ntsiab lus uas tau siv dav hauv lub neej txhua hnub (hauv daim ntawv dawb lossis hauv kev sib txuas).

18) Txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus uas txaus ntshai tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm nrog thiab xav tau kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv.

19) Txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus uas, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv dawb los yog hauv cov khoom sib txuas, ua rau muaj kev hem thawj loj tshaj plaws rau ib puag ncig.

20) Xaiv cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig.

21) Txheeb xyuas cov khoom uas kim dua li cov hlau muaj nuj nqis.

Sau ntawv

1) Nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab muab ntau lub lim dej. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj qhib lub lim los daws qhov teeb meem 1 (tag nrho cov ntsiab lus paub hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub Nyoog) thiab 20 (cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig), ces cov hlwb nrog cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig uas paub hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog yuav raug qhia (piv txwv li, los ntawm xim) ( Piv txwv li, palladium yuav tsis raug qhia, qhib rau xyoo 1803).

2) Nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab kom ntseeg tau tias ntau lub lim dej ua haujlwm hauv hom uas txhua lub lim xaiv cov hlwb nrog nws tus kheej xim, tab sis tsis tshem tag nrho cov kev xaiv ntawm lwm lim (ib feem ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes hauv ib xim, ib feem ntawm lwm qhov). Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus piv txwv yav dhau los, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov teeb pom kev nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus uas tsuas yog rau thawj zaug thiab tsuas yog rau ob pawg, yuav pom. Cov. Cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig tsis paub nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, thiab cov ntsiab lus paub nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog tab sis tsis muaj nuj nqis hlau.

3) Nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab tom qab siv cov lim kom ntseeg tau tias muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm nrog cov txiaj ntsig tau txais. Piv txwv li, tau xaiv cov ntsiab lus paub nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, tus neeg siv nyem LMB ntawm cov khoom xaiv thiab raug coj mus rau Wikipedia tsab xov xwm txog lub caij no.

4) Nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab muab tus neeg siv lub peev xwm los tshem tawm los ntawm nias LMB ntawm cov lus xaiv ntawm tes. Piv txwv li, tshem tawm cov khoom uas twb pom lawm.

5) Nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab kom ntseeg tau tias cov npe ntawm cov cell xaiv tau txais kev cawmdim hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tau ntim nrog kev xaiv ntawm cov cell tsis siv neeg. Qhov no yuav ua rau tus neeg siv sijhawm so los ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Peb tau siv daim ntawv qhia kev tswj hwm zoo li qub, uas tau txiav txim siab ua ntej, tab sis muaj ntau yam haujlwm tseem ceeb uas daim ntawv qhia kev tswj xyuas kev hloov pauv raws li qhov kev pab cuam yuav siv tau. Ib qho piv txwv yuav yog ib daim duab editor, uas tus neeg siv siv tus nas los qhia cov haujlwm ntawm cov kab hauv lub qhov rais thiab kos cov npoo ntawm lawv. Txhawm rau rho tawm ib qho vertex lossis ntug, tus neeg siv yuav tsum taw tes rau nws. Tab sis yog tias nws yooj yim heev los taw tes rau lub vertex cim nrog lub voj voog, ces nws yuav nyuaj dua rau taw tes rau ntawm ntug kos nrog ib txoj kab nyias. Daim ntawv qhia kev tswj xyuas yuav pab tau ntawm no, qhov twg vertices thiab ntug nyob hauv cov zej zog dav dua li hauv daim duab pom.

Ib qho lus nug uas nthuav txog qhov kev cob qhia nyuaj no yog: cov qauv no puas tuaj yeem pab tau hauv kev cob qhia AI?

Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com