Ib me ntsis txog lub tsev kawm ntawv "kev tshawb fawb hauv computer" zoo li xyoo 90s, thiab vim li cas txhua tus programmers thiaj li tau qhia nws tus kheej.
Cov me nyuam tau qhia dab tsi rau qhov program
Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 90s, Moscow cov tsev kawm ntawv tau pib xaiv nruab nrog cov chav kawm computer. Cov chav tam sim ntawd tau nruab nrog cov tuav ntawm lub qhov rais thiab lub qhov rooj hnyav hlau-clad. Los ntawm qhov chaw, tus kws qhia ntawv computer science tau tshwm sim (nws zoo li tus phooj ywg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tom qab tus thawj coj), uas nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kom tsis txhob kov ib yam dab tsi. Tsis muaj dab tsi hlo li. Txawm lub qhov rooj.
Hauv chav kawm ib feem ntau tuaj yeem pom BK-0010 (hauv nws ntau hom) thiab BK-0011M systems.
Yees duab
Cov menyuam yaus tau raug qhia txog cov qauv dav dav, nrog rau txog kaum ob BASIC cov lus txib kom lawv tuaj yeem kos kab thiab voj voog ntawm qhov screen. Rau cov qib qis thiab nruab nrab, qhov no yog qhov txaus.
Muaj qee qhov teeb meem nrog kev khaws cia ib tus tsim (cov haujlwm). Feem ntau, cov khoos phis tawj siv cov tswj hwm mono-channel tau ua ke rau hauv lub network nrog "cov npav loj" topology thiab kev sib kis ceev ntawm 57600 baud. Raws li txoj cai, tsuas muaj ib lub disk drive, thiab tej yam feem ntau mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm nrog nws. Qee lub sij hawm nws ua haujlwm, qee zaum nws tsis ua, qee zaum lub network tau khov, qee zaum lub floppy disk nyeem tsis tau.
Tom qab ntawd kuv nqa nrog kuv qhov kev tsim no nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 360 kB.
Qhov muaj feem uas kuv yuav tau txais kuv qhov kev pab cuam tawm ntawm nws dua yog 50-70 feem pua.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov dab neeg no nrog BC computers yog qhov tsis muaj qhov kawg.
Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim txhua lub sijhawm, txawm hais tias ntaus lej lossis ua tiav qhov program. Lub kaw lus khov txhais tau tias koj siv 45 feeb hauv qhov tsis muaj dab tsi, vim tias ... Kuv yuav tsum ua txhua yam ntxiv, tab sis lub sij hawm kawm ntxiv tsis txaus rau qhov no.
Ze rau xyoo 1993, hauv qee lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab lyceums, cov chav kawm ib txwm muaj 286 lub tsheb tau tshwm sim, thiab hauv qee qhov chaw muaj txawm peb rubles. Hais txog cov lus programming, muaj ob txoj kev xaiv: qhov twg "BASIC" xaus, "Turbo Pascal" pib.
Programming hauv "Turbo Pascal" siv piv txwv ntawm "tanks"
Siv Pascal, cov menyuam raug qhia los tsim cov voj voog, kos txhua yam haujlwm, thiab ua haujlwm nrog arrays. Ntawm Physics thiab Mathematics Lyceum, qhov chaw kuv ib zaug "nyob," ib ob peb lub lis piam tau raug xa mus rau computer science. Thiab tau ob xyoos muaj qhov chaw tho txawv no. Tau kawg, kuv xav ua ib yam dab tsi loj dua qhov kev nthuav qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib qho array lossis qee yam sinusoid ntawm qhov screen.
Tank
Battle City yog ib qho kev ua si nrov tshaj plaws ntawm NES clone consoles (Dendy, thiab lwm yam).
Xyoo 1996, qhov muaj koob npe ntawm 8-ntsis tau dhau mus, lawv tau khaws cov plua plav ntev ntev hauv cov txee dai khaub ncaws, thiab nws zoo li txias rau kuv los ua ib lub clone ntawm "Tanks" rau PC raws li ib yam dab tsi loj. Cov hauv qab no tsuas yog hais txog yuav ua li cas rov qab los nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus txhawm rau txhawm rau sau qee yam nrog cov duab, nas thiab suab ntawm Pascal.
Koj tsuas tuaj yeem kos cov pas thiab lub voj voog
Cia peb pib nrog cov duab.
Hauv nws cov qauv yooj yim, Pascal tso cai rau koj los kos qee cov duab, pleev xim thiab txiav txim siab xim ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Cov txheej txheem siab tshaj plaws hauv Graph module uas coj peb los ze zog rau sprites yog GetImage thiab PutImage. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, nws tuaj yeem ntes ib ntu ntawm qhov screen rau hauv thaj chaw nco yav dhau los thiab tom qab ntawd siv daim ntawv no ua ib daim duab bitmap. Hauv lwm lo lus, yog tias koj xav rov siv qee lub ntsiab lus lossis cov duab ntawm lub vijtsam, koj ua ntej kos lawv, luam lawv rau hauv nco, lwv qhov screen, kos ib qho ntxiv, thiab lwm yam kom txog thaum koj tsim cov tsev qiv ntawv xav tau hauv lub cim xeeb. Txij li thaum txhua yam tshwm sim sai, tus neeg siv tsis pom cov kev dag no.
Thawj qhov module uas sprites tau siv yog daim duab qhia chaw.
Nws muaj lub cim ua si. Nyem tus nas coj mus rau cov ntawv qhia zaub mov uas koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib qho ntawm plaub qhov kev xaiv cuam tshuam. Hais txog nas...
Tus nas twb yog qhov kawg ntawm 90s
Tau kawg, txhua tus muaj nas, tab sis txog rau thaum nruab nrab-90s lawv tau siv tsuas yog hauv Windows 3.11, pob ntawv duab, thiab qee qhov kev ua si. Hma thiab Doom tsuas yog ua si nrog cov keyboard. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig DOS tus nas tsis xav tau tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, Borland tsis txawm suav nrog tus nas module hauv cov qauv pob. Koj yuav tsum tau nrhiav nws los ntawm koj cov neeg paub, leej twg rub lawv txhais tes thiab qw hauv lus teb, "Koj xav tau dab tsi rau nws?"
Txawm li cas los xij, nrhiav ib qho qauv los ntsuam xyuas tus nas tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txhawm rau nyem rau ntawm cov nyees khawm ntawm lub vijtsam nrog tus nas, lawv yuav tsum tau kos. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv ob versions (nias thiab tsis nias). Ib lub pob uas tsis nias muaj lub teeb saum toj thiab ib qho duab ntxoov ntxoo hauv qab nws. Thaum nias, nws yog lwm txoj hauv kev. Thiab ces kos rau ntawm qhov screen peb zaug (tsis nias, nias, ces tsis nias dua). Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob hnov ββββqab teem sijhawm qeeb rau kev tso saib, thiab zais tus cursor.
Piv txwv li, ua cov ntawv qhia zaub mov tseem ceeb hauv code zoo li no:
Suab - PC Speaker nkaus xwb
Ib zaj dab neeg cais nrog suab. Thaum ntxov nineties, Sound Blaster clones tsuas yog npaj rau lawv txoj kev yeej, thiab feem ntau cov ntawv thov tsuas yog ua haujlwm nrog tus hais lus built-in. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub peev xwm yog kev tsim tawm ib txhij ntawm ib lub suab nkaus xwb. Thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov Turbo Pascal tso cai rau koj ua. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem suab nws muaj peev xwm "squeak" nrog ntau zaus, uas yog txaus rau lub suab ntawm rab phom thiab tawg, tab sis rau lub suab paj nruag screensaver, raws li yog fashionable ces, qhov no tsis haum. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev daws teeb meem zoo heev tau pom: hauv software tus kheej archive, ib qho "exe file" tau pom, rub tawm ib zaug los ntawm qee qhov BBS. Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txuj ci tseem ceeb - ua si tsis muaj zog wavs los ntawm PC Speaker, thiab nws tau ua los ntawm kab hais kom ua thiab tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tiag tiag. Txhua yam uas xav tau yog hu nws los ntawm Pascal exec txheej txheem thiab xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev tsim kho no tsis tawg.
Yog li ntawd, cov suab paj nruag killer tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov screensaver, tab sis ib qho kev lom zem tshwm sim nrog nws. Xyoo 1996, kuv muaj lub kaw lus ntawm Pentium 75, cranked mus txog 90. Txhua yam ua haujlwm zoo rau nws. Hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab uas Pascal tau teeb tsa rau peb hauv lub semester thib ob, muaj qhov hnav zoo "peb rubles" hauv chav kawm. Los ntawm kev pom zoo nrog tus kws qhia ntawv, kuv coj cov tso tsheb hlau luam no mus rau zaj lus qhia thib ob kom tau txais kev xeem thiab tsis mus rau qhov ntawd ntxiv. Thiab yog li ntawd, tom qab tso tawm, ib lub suab nrov nrov nrog cov suab nrov guttural tawm ntawm tus neeg hais lus. Feem ntau, 33-megahertz DX "peb-ruble daim npav" tau dhau los ua tsis tau zoo tig tib yam "executable". Tab sis lwm yam yog txhua yam zoo. Tau kawg, tsis suav cov keyboard qeeb qeeb, uas ua rau tag nrho gameplay, tsis hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm PC.
Tab sis qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tsis yog hauv Pascal
Hauv kuv qhov kev nkag siab, "Tanks" yog qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem rub tawm ntawm Turbo Pascal yam tsis muaj kev sib dhos. Qhov pom tseeb tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom kawg yog cov keyboard qeeb qeeb thiab cov duab ua haujlwm qeeb. Qhov xwm txheej tau ua rau hnyav zuj zus los ntawm tsawg kawg ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv thib peb thiab cov qauv. Lawv tuaj yeem suav rau ntawm tus ntiv tes ntawm ib txhais tes.
Tab sis qhov ua rau kuv chim siab tshaj plaws yog txoj hauv kev rau kev kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Tsis muaj leej twg hais rau menyuam yaus txog qhov zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm lwm yam lus. Hauv chav kawm, lawv yuav luag tam sim ntawd pib tham txog pib, luam tawm thiab yog tias, uas kaw cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv BASIC-Pascal paradigm. Ob hom lus no tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog kev kawm tshwj xeeb. Lawv siv "kev sib ntaus sib tua" yog qhov tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj.
Vim li cas thiaj qhia cov me nyuam cov lus cuav yog qhov paub tsis meej rau kuv. Cia lawv pom ntau dua. Cia variations ntawm BASIC siv ntawm no thiab muaj. Tab sis, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, yog hais tias ib tug neeg txiav txim siab los txuas nws lub neej yav tom ntej nrog programming, nws yuav tsum tau kawm lwm yam lus los ntawm kos. Yog li vim li cas cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tib txoj haujlwm kev kawm, tab sis tsuas yog ntawm lub platform ib txwm (lus), uas lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho nws tus kheej ntxiv?
Hais txog tej hauj lwm. Hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev kawm ntawv qib siab lawv ib txwm paub daws teeb meem: xam ib yam dab tsi, tsim ua haujlwm, kos ib yam dab tsi. Kuv tau kawm ntawm peb lub tsev kawm ntawv sib txawv, ntxiv rau peb muaj "Pascal" hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub koom haum, thiab tsis muaj ib zaug cov kws qhia ntawv ua rau muaj teeb meem tiag tiag. Piv txwv li, ua ib phau ntawv los yog lwm yam muaj txiaj ntsig. Txhua yam tau nyob deb. Thiab thaum ib tug neeg siv sij hawm ntau lub hlis daws cov teeb meem khoob, uas tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv cov thoob khib nyiab... Feem ntau, tib neeg twb tawm hauv lub koom haum hlawv tawm.
Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau xyoo peb ntawm tib lub tsev kawm ntawv, peb tau txais "plus" hauv qhov kev zov me nyuam. Nws zoo li qhov zoo, tab sis cov neeg tau nkees, muaj kev dag ntxias thiab "kev cob qhia" cov haujlwm. Tsis muaj leej twg txaus siab npaum li thawj zaug.
PS Kuv googled txog yam lus twg yog tam sim no qhia hauv computer science cov chav kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Txhua yam zoo ib yam li 25 xyoo dhau los: Basic, Pascal. Python tuaj nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com