Ib qho kev siv ntawm cryptographic hash muaj nuj nqi BLAKE3 1.0 tau tso tawm, qhov tseem ceeb rau nws cov lej hash siab heev thaum ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm SHA-3 qib. Hauv kev xeem hash tiam rau cov ntaub ntawv 16 KB, BLAKE3 nrog 256-ntsis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj SHA3-256 los ntawm 17 zaug, SHA-256 los ntawm 14 zaug, SHA-512 los ntawm 9 zaug, SHA-1 los ntawm 6 zaug, thiab BLAKE2b - 5x ua. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tseem nyob thaum ua cov ntaub ntawv loj heev, piv txwv li, BLAKE3 tau dhau los ua 256 zaug sai dua SHA-8 thaum xam tus hash rau 1GB ntawm cov ntaub ntawv random. BLAKE3 siv cov cai siv muaj nyob rau hauv C thiab Rust versions nyob rau hauv ib tug dual pej xeem sau (CC0) thiab Apache 2.0 daim ntawv tso cai.
Lub hash muaj nuj nqi yog tsim los rau cov ntawv thov xws li kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ncaj ncees, kev lees paub cov lus, thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv rau cryptographic digital kos npe. BLAKE3 tsis yog npaj rau hashing passwords, raws li nws lub hom phiaj los xam cov hashs sai li sai tau (rau cov passwords, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov hash qeeb ua haujlwm yescrypt, bcrypt, scrypt lossis Argon2). Lub hash muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab yog insensitive rau qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hashed thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm kev sib tsoo xaiv thiab preimage nrhiav.
Lub algorithm tau tsim los ntawm cov kws paub txog kev cryptography uas paub zoo (Jack O'Connor, Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Samuel Neves, Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn) thiab txuas ntxiv kev txhim kho ntawm BLAKE2 algorithm thiab siv Bao mechanism los encode block chain tree. . Tsis zoo li BLAKE2 (BLAKE2b, BLAKE2s), BLAKE3 muaj ib qho algorithm rau txhua lub platform, tsis khi rau qhov tob me ntsis thiab hash loj.
Kev ua tau zoo ntxiv tau ua tiav los ntawm kev txo cov lej ntawm 10 mus rau 7 thiab hashing blocks cais hauv 1 KB daim. Raws li cov neeg tsim khoom, lawv tau pom cov pov thawj ua lej ntseeg tau tias nws tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm 7 rounds es tsis txhob 10 thaum tswj cov qib kev ntseeg tau zoo ib yam (kom meej meej, peb tuaj yeem muab piv txwv nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib tov hauv ib lub tov khoom - tom qab 7 vib nas this. cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo twb tov tag lawm, thiab ntxiv 3 vib nas this yuav tsis cuam tshuam qhov sib xws). Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov kws tshawb fawb qhia qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, ntseeg tias txawm tias 7 rounds tam sim no txaus los tawm tsam txhua qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm hashes, tom qab ntawd ntxiv 3 qhov kev sib tw yuav muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias kev tawm tsam tshiab raug txheeb xyuas yav tom ntej.
Raws li kev faib ua blocks, hauv BLAKE3 cov kwj deg tau muab faib ua 1 KB daim thiab txhua daim yog hashed ntawm nws tus kheej. Raws li cov hashs ntawm daim, ib tug loj hash yog tsim raws li binary Merkle ntoo. Qhov kev faib tawm no tso cai rau peb los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv sib luag thaum xam cov hashes - piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem siv 4-xov SIMD cov lus qhia rau ib txhij suav hashes ntawm 4 blocks. Ib txwm SHA-* hash ua haujlwm cov ntaub ntawv ua ntu zus.
Feature ntawm BLAKE3:
- Kev ua haujlwm siab, BLAKE3 yog qhov nrawm dua li MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2, SHA-3 thiab BLAKE2.
- Kev ruaj ntseg, suav nrog kev tawm tsam rau cov lus elongation tawm tsam uas SHA-2 raug cuam tshuam;
- Muaj nyob rau hauv Rust, optimized rau SSE2, SSE4.1, AVX2, AVX-512, thiab NEON cov lus qhia.
- Ua kom muaj kev sib piv ntawm kev suav ntawm txhua tus xov tooj thiab SIMD raws.
- Muaj peev xwm ntxiv kev hloov kho tshiab thiab txheeb xyuas cov kwj deg;
- Siv nyob rau hauv PRF, MAC, KDF, XOF hom thiab raws li ib txwm hash;
- Ib qho algorithm rau tag nrho cov architectures, ceev ceev ntawm ob qho tib si x86-64 thiab 32-ntsis ARM processors.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm BLAKE3 thiab BLAKE2:
- Kev siv cov qauv ntoo binary uas tso cai rau kev sib luag tsis muaj kev txwv hauv kev suav hash.
- Txo tus naj npawb ntawm rounds ntawm 10 mus rau 7.
- Peb hom kev ua haujlwm: hashing, hashing with a key (HMAC) and key generation (KDF).
- Tsis muaj nyiaj siv ua haujlwm ntxiv thaum hashing nrog tus yuam sij vim yog siv thaj chaw yav dhau los nyob los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tsis thaiv.
- Ua-nyob rau hauv kev khiav hauj lwm mechanism nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug muaj nuj nqi nrog ib tug ncua sij hawm (XOF, Extendable tso zis muaj nuj nqi), tso cai rau parallelization thiab positioning (nrhiav).
Tau qhov twg los: opennet.ru
