Tom qab plaub xyoos ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, lub cav dawb game Godot 4.0, tsim nyog rau kev tsim 2D thiab 3D ua si, tau raug tso tawm. Lub cav txhawb nqa cov lus yooj yim-rau-kawm kev ua si logic lus, graphical ib puag ncig rau kev tsim game, ib-nias game deployment system, uas nws kim heev animation thiab simulation muaj peev xwm rau lub cev txheej txheem, ib tug built-in debugger, thiab ib tug system rau kev txheeb xyuas cov kev ua tau zoo bottlenecks. . Cov cai ntawm lub cav game, game tsim ib puag ncig thiab lwm yam kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej (physics cav, suab server, 2D / 3D rendering backends, thiab lwm yam) raug faib raws li MIT daim ntawv tso cai.
Lub cav tau qhib los ntawm 2014 los ntawm OKAM, tom qab kaum xyoo ntawm kev tsim cov khoom lag luam qib siab uas tau siv los tsim thiab tshaj tawm ntau yam kev ua si rau PC, game consoles thiab mobile devices. Lub cav txhawb nqa txhua lub desktop thiab mobile platforms nrov (Linux, Windows, macOS, Wii, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 3, PS Vita, Android, iOS, BBX), nrog rau kev txhim kho kev ua si rau lub vev xaib. Npaj-rau-khiav binary sib dhos tau tsim rau Linux, Android, Windows thiab macOS.
Lub Godot 4.0 ceg suav nrog txog 12 txhiab hloov pauv thiab kho 7 txhiab kab. Kwv yees li 1500 tus neeg tau koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho lub cav thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv. Ntawm cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb:
- Ob qhov kev rov ua dua tshiab (clustered thiab mobile) raws li Vulkan graphics API tau npaj tseg, uas hloov cov backends uas ua los ntawm OpenGL ES thiab OpenGL. Rau cov laus thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis, OpenGL-based compatibility backend yog kev sib koom ua ke, siv cov qauv tsim qauv tshiab. Dynamic rendering ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem qis dua siv AMD FSR (FidelityFX Super Resolution) supersampling thev naus laus zis, uas siv spatial scaling and details reconstruction algorithms los txo cov duab tsis zoo thaum upscaling thiab upscaling kom siab dua cov kev daws teeb meem. Lub cav rendering raws li Direct3D 12 tau ua tiav, uas yuav txhim kho kev txhawb nqa rau Windows thiab Xbox platforms.
- Ntxiv lub peev xwm los ua hauj lwm nrog lub interface nyob rau hauv ntau lub qhov rais hom (ntau yam panels thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub interface yuav undocked raws li nyias qhov rais).
- Ntxiv ib tus neeg siv tshiab interface editor thiab ib qho kev pom tshiab tsim widget.
- Ntxiv lub ntsiab tshiab editor.
- Lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov duab ntxoov ntxoo tswj tau raug sau ua tiav, siv lub sijhawm tiag tiag SDFGI (Signed Distance Field Global Illumination) thev naus laus zis. Qhov zoo ntawm cov duab ntxoov ntxoo rendering tau zoo heev.
- Lub GIProbe node, siv los sau qhov chaw nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo, tau hloov nrog VoxelGI node, zoo rau lub sijhawm ua teeb pom kev zoo hauv scenes nrog me me rau nruab nrab sab hauv tsev. Rau cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob qis, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom pom lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo siv cov duab qhia teeb pom kev zoo, uas tam sim no siv GPU kom nrawm dua.
- Cov txheej txheem tshiab rendering optimization tau siv. Ntxiv tsis siv neeg occlusion culling, uas dynamically ntes thiab tshem tawm cov qauv muab zais tom qab lwm qhov chaw los txhim kho rendering kev ua tau zoo thiab txo CPU thiab GPU load.
- Ntxiv SSIL (Screen Space Indirect Lighting) hom los txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv high-end los ntawm kev txhim kho kev tuav ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj thiab qhov muag tsis pom kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chaw ntxiv yog muab rau kev simulating diffuse indirect teeb pom kev zoo siv SSAO (Screen Space Ambient Occlusion) cov txheej txheem, xws li xaiv cov theem ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb ncaj qha.
- Cov teeb pom kev zoo tiag tiag tau npaj tseg uas tso cai rau koj los kho lub teeb ci thiab siv lub koob yees duab txheem, xws li aperture, shutter ceev thiab ISO, tswj qhov ci ntawm qhov kawg scene.
- Ntxiv cov txheej txheem kho tshiab rau 2D ua si. Cov kev hloov pauv radical tau ua rau XNUMXD game txoj kev txhim kho. Ib tug tshiab tilemap editor tau ntxiv, uas tam sim no txhawb cov txheej, nws pib-filling ntawm toj roob hauv pes, randomized tso ntawm cov nroj tsuag, pob zeb thiab ntau yam khoom, thiab saj zawg zog xaiv ntawm cov khoom. Ua hauj lwm nrog cov ntawv qhia pobzeb thiab cov khoom tawg yooj yim rau kev tsim ib daim ntawv qhia (tileset) tau koom ua ke. Tsis siv neeg nthuav dav ntawm fragments nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb yog muab los tshem tawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib sab. Ib qho kev ua haujlwm tshiab rau kev npaj cov khoom ntawm theem tau ntxiv, uas, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem siv los ntxiv cov cim rau lub hlwb ntawm daim phiaj pobzeb.
- Hauv 2D rendering, koj tuaj yeem siv cov pab pawg canvas los muab cov ntaub ntawv sib tshooj, piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem pab pawg ntau tus sprites ua ke thiab muab lawv rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau zoo li cov sprites yog ib lub caij. Ntxiv cov cuab yeej Clip Children, uas tso cai rau koj siv txhua yam 2D ββua lub npog ntsej muag. Lub cav 2D kuj ntxiv ib qho kev xaiv siv MSAA (Multisample Anti-Aliasing) los txhim kho cov duab zoo thiab tsim cov npoo du.
- Txhim kho kev tuav teeb pom kev zoo thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo hauv 2D ua si. Kev ua tau zoo dua qub thaum siv ntau qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo. Ntxiv lub peev xwm los simulate peb-dimensionality los ntawm kev hloov theem teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov duab qhia chaw ib txwm muaj, nrog rau kev tsim cov duab pom zoo xws li cov duab ntxoov ntxoo ntev, halos thiab meej contours.
- Ntxiv cov nyhuv volumetric pos huab uas siv cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev reprojection kom ua tiav qhov zoo tiag tiag thiab kev ua haujlwm siab.
- Ntxiv huab ntxoov ntxoo uas tso cai rau koj los tsim cov huab uas hloov pauv hauv lub sijhawm.
- Ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau "decals," ib txoj hauv kev ntawm cov khoom siv rau ntawm qhov chaw.
- Ntxiv cov kev ua si thoob plaws qhov cuam tshuam uas siv GPU thiab txhawb nqa cov neeg nyiam, kev sib tsoo, plumes, thiab emitters.
- Lub peev xwm interface rau kev pom kev kho kom pom ntawm shaders tau nthuav dav.
- Cov lus shader tau nthuav dav kom suav nrog kev txhawb nqa rau cov qauv, preprocessor macros, hloov chaw ntxoov ntxoo (suav nrog cov lus qhia), kev sib koom ua ke, thiab kev siv "hloov" kom dhau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov khoom tawg mus rau lub teeb pom kev zoo.
- Ntxiv lub peev xwm los siv kev suav cov duab ntxoov ntxoo uas siv GPU kom nrawm algorithms.
- Nyob rau hauv GDScript scripting lus, lub zoo li qub typing system tau raug txhim kho, ib tug tshiab syntax rau txhais cov khoom tau ntxiv, lub tos thiab super keywords tau thov, daim ntawv qhia / txo cov hauj lwm tau ntxiv, ib tug tshiab annotation system tau siv, thiab nws tau dhau los siv cov cim unicode hauv cov npe sib txawv thiab cov npe ua haujlwm. Ntxiv ib lub cuab yeej rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tsis siv neeg. Txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab ruaj khov ntawm GDScript runtime. Hauv ib puag ncig kev txhim kho, nws tuaj yeem tso saib ntau qhov yuam kev ib zaug, thiab cov lus ceeb toom tshiab tau ntxiv rau cov teeb meem tshwm sim.
- Cov muaj peev xwm tsim kev ua si logic hauv C# tau nthuav dav. Ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau .NET 6 platform thiab C# 10 hom lus. Ntau APIs tau hloov los ntawm int thiab ntab mus ntev thiab ob npaug. Muab lub peev xwm los txhais cov cim hauv daim ntawv ntawm C# txheej xwm. Ntxiv lub peev xwm los tsim GDEExtensions hauv C#.
- Ntxiv qhov kev sim txhawb nqa rau kev txuas ntxiv (GDExtension), uas tuaj yeem siv los nthuav dav lub peev xwm ntawm lub cav tsis tas yuav rov tsim kho lossis hloov pauv cov cai.
- Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, peb tus kheej lub cav rau simulating cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev, Godot Physics, tau muab, ua kom zoo rau kev daws teeb meem hauv computer games, thiab coj mus rau qhov sib luag hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog lub cav siv Bullet yav dhau los (piv txwv li, Godot Physics ntxiv cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev sib tsoo, kev txhawb nqa rau qhov siab daim duab qhia chaw thiab muaj peev xwm siv cov nodes SoftBody rau khaub ncaws simulation). Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo tau ua tiav thiab kev siv ntau txoj xov tau nthuav dav los faib cov khoom thauj thoob plaws CPU cores sib txawv thaum simulating cov txheej txheem lub cev hauv 2D thiab 3D ib puag ncig. Ntau yam teeb meem simulation tau raug daws.
- Cov ntawv sau tshiab tau raug thov kom muab kev tswj hwm ntau dua ntawm cov ntawv sau qoob loo thiab qhwv, nrog rau muab qhov pom tseeb ntawm txhua qhov kev daws teeb meem.
- Cov cuab yeej rau kev ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam thiab kev txhais lus tau nthuav dav.
- Ntxiv cov lus sib cais rau kev xa tawm 2D thiab 3D cov cuab yeej cuab tam, txhawb kev saib ua ntej thiab hloov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv txawv teb chaws, cov khoom siv thiab lub cev.
- Cov widgets tshiab tau ntxiv rau tus editor, xws li lub vaj huam sib luag rau undoing hloov thiab xaiv xim tshiab thiab palette hloov tshiab dialog.
- Kev tshuaj xyuas interface, scene tswj vaj huam sib luag thiab cov ntawv sau tau raug hloov kho. Syntax highlighting tau raug txhim kho, muaj peev xwm los tso saib ntau tus cursors tau ntxiv, thiab cov cuab yeej rau kho JSON thiab YAML hom tau muab.
- Lub peev xwm ntawm cov animation editor tau nthuav dav, ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau kev sib xyaw cov duab thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem raws li Bezier nkhaus. Rewrote 3D animation code kom suav nrog kev txhawb nqa compression kom txo tau kev nco. Lub kaw lus rau kev sib xyaw cov animation thiab tsim cov kev hloov pauv tau raug sau dua tshiab. Cov muaj peev xwm tsim cov animations nyuaj tau nthuav dav. Cov tsev qiv ntawv Animation tau npaj tseg rau khaws cia thiab rov siv cov animation tsim.
- Ntxiv cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim hom uas ua rau scenes thav duab-los-nruab ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab kaw cov yeeb yaj kiab.
- Kev them nyiaj yug rau 3D headsets thiab virtual reality platforms tau nthuav dav. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub cav suav nrog kev txhawb nqa tsim rau OpenXR tus qauv, uas txhais tau hais tias universal API rau kev tsim cov ntawv siv virtual thiab augmented kev muaj tiag. Windows thiab Linux txhawb nqa txhua lub mloog pob ntseg 3D nrov, suav nrog SteamVR, Oculus thiab Monado headsets.
- Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub subsystem rau kev teeb tsa kev ua si hauv online tau nce ntxiv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho ntau tus neeg ua si tau yooj yim.
- Lub peev xwm ntawm lub suab kaw lus tau nthuav dav, kev txhawb nqa polyphony tau tsim nyob rau hauv, API rau kev hais lus synthesis tau ntxiv, thiab lub peev xwm los voj suab tau raug siv.
- Nws muaj peev xwm khiav lub Godot interface ntawm Android ntsiav tshuaj thiab hauv web browser.
- Ntxiv cov txheej txheem tshiab rau kev tsim ua si rau ntau yam CPU architectures. Piv txwv li, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem tsim rau Raspberry Pi, Microsoft Volterra, Surface Pro X, Pine Xov Tooj, VisionFive, ARM Chromebook, thiab Asahi Linux.
- Kev hloov pauv tau ua rau API uas cuam tshuam kev sib raug zoo. Kev hloov pauv ntawm Godot 3.x mus rau Godot 4.0 yuav xav tau daim ntawv thov rov ua haujlwm, tab sis Godot 3.x ceg muaj lub voj voog kev txhawb nqa ntev, qhov ntev yuav nyob ntawm cov neeg siv xav tau rau API qub.
Tau qhov twg los: opennet.ru